226 results
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2. Bihar Assembly passes anti-paper leak bill 2024.
- Subjects
POLITICAL opposition - Abstract
The Bihar government has passed the Anti-Paper Leak Bill 2024, which imposes harsh penalties for exam-related offenses. Offenders can now face up to 10 years in jail and fines up to 1 crore. The law applies to all exams in the state, and individuals caught taking exams for someone else will face three to five years in jail and a fine of 10 lakhs. The passage of the bill faced opposition from opposition leaders, but the government emphasized its commitment to addressing paper leaks. The new law is stricter than the previous one enacted in 1981, which only imposed a six-month sentence for such offenses. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
3. NEET row: SC calls for Bihar Police report, orders NTA to upload centre-wise results.
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POLICE reports ,CITIZEN crime reporting ,UPLOADING of data ,CITIES & towns - Abstract
The Supreme Court has requested a copy of the report from the Bihar Police and its Economic Offences Unit (EOU) regarding the NEET-UG question paper leak case. The court is hearing pleas alleging irregularities in the NEET examination and its cancellation. The Solicitor General has promised to provide the court with the reports filed by the Patna Police and the EOU of Bihar Police. The court has also asked the National Testing Agency (NTA) to release the results of the examination on its website, with personal information redacted. The court has adjourned the hearing until July 22. The petitioners have questioned the data analytics conducted by IIT-Madras and argued that the exam should be cancelled and conducted again. The Centre has stated that the data analysis shows no indication of mass malpractice or localized benefits for certain candidates. The court has previously asked the NTA and the CBI to provide information about the paper leak and the progress of the investigation. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
4. WETLANDS IN BIHAR: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF EXTENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE, ECOLOGICAL BENEFITS, AND ASSOCIATED RISKS.
- Author
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PANDEY, Aviral and BHARTI, Vishwmohan
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WETLANDS ,GROUNDWATER recharge ,FLOOD control ,WELL-being ,DRAINAGE - Abstract
Bihar, situated in the eastern part of India, possesses a repository of 21,998 wetlands, covering an extensive area of 403,209 hectares. These wetlands, known for their ecological richness, have a crucial role in offering a wide range of ecological services. Their diverse functions, which include hydrological processes like recharging and discharging groundwater, controlling floods, and regulating water flow, highlight their importance. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive research on wetlands of Bihar, State. This paper provides a thorough analysis of Bihar's wetlands. It also explores the social and environmental benefits that they provide, highlighting their pivotal role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium and local economies of the region. Furthermore, this paper dissects the various threats faced by these wetlands, stemming from human activities and environmental changes. In addition to the ecological perspective, this study investigates the socioeconomic conditions of communities living near these invaluable wetlands. It critically assesses their reliance on wetland resources and the consequences of wetland degradation on their well-being. This research also offers policy recommendations to promote the sustainability of wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Prevalence of major depressive disorder and its determinants among young married women and unmarried girls: Findings from the second round of UDAYA survey.
- Author
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Dhara, Shromona, Thakur, Joyeeta, Pandey, Neelanjana, Mozumdar, Arupendra, and Roy, Subho
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MARRIED women ,YOUNG women ,MENTAL depression ,TEENAGE girls ,SOCIAL ecology ,INTIMATE partner violence ,YOUNG adults - Abstract
Introduction: Depression is a prevalent and debilitating mental illness affecting young women worldwide. This study aimed to identify psychosocial determinants of major depressive disorder (MDD) among young women in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: Data from "Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults" (UDAYA) study (2018-19) for young women aged 12-23 years, both married and unmarried was used for this paper. MDD was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9 with a cut-off score of ≤10. The determinants of MDD were identified through multilevel binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of MDD was 13.6% (95% CL 12.2-15.2) and 5.1% (95% CL 4.2-6.1) for young married women and unmarried girls, respectively. Among the young married women, community-level variables like dowry-related humiliation (1.74, 95% CI 1.15-2.64), and sexual assaults (2.15, 95% CI 1.24-3.73) were significantly associated with MDD. For unmarried girls, reporting of family violence
<10% of participants (0.45, 95% CI 0.24-0.85), family violence(≥10% of participants) % (0.35 95% CI 0.19-0.68) and interpartner violence(>25% of participants) (0.42; 95% CI 0.23-0.74) remain significant predictors of MDD. At individual level, for both the groups, age, participation in decision making (on education), social capital (currently attending school/educational course and number of friends), self-efficacy, telephonic harassment, and physical activity were associated with MDD. Wealth index, job seeking, participation in decision making (on health-seeking), parental interactions and physical abuse (for unmarried girls only) and education, reported last sexual intercourse, pressure from the in-laws' to conceive (for young married women only) were associated with MDD. Conclusions: For young married women, community level targeted interventions should focus on the social ecology to foster a sense of safe community environment. For unmarried girls, additionally, interventions should aim to optimize their family environment for effective mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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6. Reproductive and child health transition among selected empowered action groups states of India: A district-level analysis.
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Pandey, Bindhy Wasini, Yadav, Ganesh, Tripathi, Niharika, and Pathak, Praveen Kumar
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL transition ,CHILDREN'S health ,SELF-efficacy ,FAMILY health ,DEMOGRAPHIC surveys ,REPRODUCTIVE health - Abstract
Background: Health is an inseparable part of life and central to all life supporting systems. The reproductive and child health shares a major portion of public health cases that is crucial for socio-economic development. Studies on reproductive and child health have traditionally been focused on demographic aspects using socio-economic parameters. Given the emphasis of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-3 on health and well-being, it is imperative to understand the geo-spatial dimension with the visible transition of key health indicators of fertility, maternal and infant/child health in the high burdened districts within these high focus Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar that make up nearly 40% of India's population with relatively laggard health status. Methodology: This paper aims to understand the status and trend of key reproductive and child health indicators and vital statistics based on the recent representative demographic surveys. We intend to undertake a district level spatio-temporal analysis by developing District Composite Health Profile (DCHP) using Composite Index Method on selected 13 equally weighted key reproductive and child health indicators. The study has been carried out using data from National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–16) and National Family Health Survey-5 (2019–21) survey rounds. We employed geo-spatial techniques i.e. Moran's–I, and univariate LISA to comprehend the geographical clustering of high and low health burden districts and their heterogeneities at the district level. Results/Conclusions: The study highlights emerging inter-districts, and inter-state disparities over survey periods. With consistent improvement in the selected EAG states over time, the overall reproductive and child health status through DCHP along with each indicator was relatively better in the states of Rajasthan and worse in Bihar. Districts along the Terai belt in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar consistently performed sluggish during survey rounds. The geo-spatial clustering follows the political boundary of states, albeit with intra-state variations. Monitoring of key health indicators using composite index method provides a useful leverage for identifying priority districts/regions for universal health access that should also consider geographical space as an important policy dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Autopsy Based Study of Assessement of Severity of Liver Disease in Cirrhosis Disease Deaths in Bihar.
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Kumar, Ravi, Singh, Poonam, Shandil, Anil, and Goel, Nikhil
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LIVER diseases ,CIRRHOSIS of the liver ,AUTOPSY ,SYMPTOMS ,THERAPEUTICS ,PORTAL hypertension - Abstract
Histologically cirrhosis is characterised by vascularised fibrosis septa that link portal tract with each other and with central veins leading to hepatocyte islands that are surrounded by fibrotic septa which are devoid of a central vein. The major clinical manifestations of cirrhosis are impaired hepatocyte function and increased intrahepatic resistance and development of portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver has multiple functions including key role in metabolism, control of infection, elimination of toxins and byproducts of metabolism. This was a prospective study from 1st January 2023-31st December 2023 with a total of 100 deaths with presence of cirrhosis of liver detected during autopsy conducted in mortuary, Department of FMT, PMCH was analysed. Complete demographic, clinical details were obtained from accompanying relatives of the diseased, information sourced from police IO, inquest paper and medical records of the treatment furnished at the time of autopsy. Higher incidence of liver cirrhosis was found in age group 31-50 years, 74 percent of them were males, 30 percent were diabetic, alcohol was the etiological factor in 65 percent cases, NASH was etiological factor in 19%, hepatitis B and C was etiological factor in 12 % of the cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
8. Migration, debt, and transnational livelihood: Indian labour diasporas in the GCC states amid the pandemic.
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Raj, Pranav and Rahman, Md Mizanur
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COVID-19 pandemic ,PANDEMICS ,LABOR market ,LAYOFFS ,TRANSNATIONALISM ,EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
South Asian labour migration to the GCC States is a debt-financed migration in which labour diasporas mobilise resources from a variety of sources, often at exorbitant interest rates, to cover migration costs. In the event of the COVID pandemic, job losses and involuntary returns compound the problem of debt-financed migration, affecting the transnational livelihood of migrant families. This paper explores how the debt-financed migration shapes the transnational livelihood of Gulf labour diasporas amid the pandemic. Empirically, this paper draws on the experiences of 60 Gulf migrants from the Indian state of Bihar. This study reports that the families diversify their labour resources by joining Gulf labour market and migration generates remittances that provide improved livelihood for their families. Although unforeseen events such as the pandemic may delay migration episodes and thus mount the debt burden on migrants, migrants nevertheless find ways to join the Gulf labour market and erk out a trananational livelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. Socio-spatial Infrastructures: Drinking Water Supply and Formation of Unequal Socio-technological Relations in Rural Southern Bihar.
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Srivastwa, Amit Kumar and Kabra, Asmita
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DRINKING water ,WATER supply ,ENVIRONMENTAL infrastructure ,LAND settlement patterns ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) - Abstract
This paper explores the social and spatial implications of drinking water infrastructures in rural southern Bihar. Hardiya, a multi-caste and multi-religion village, has a complex social arrangement. This village consists of original households, households resettled due to dam construction, and households resettled due to excessive fluoride contamination in groundwater. Excessive fluoride produces incidences of fluorosis among households, and historically, households have low access to clean drinking water. In response to the drinking water and public health crisis, multiple state, non-state, and transnational institutions intervened in Hardiya to provide safe technologies and infrastructures for clean drinking water. These twenty years of interventions have brought different technologies, institutions, and actors together to supply drinking water. However, these schemes are functioning inadequately on the ground, and access to clean water remains a big question amidst the development of drinking water infrastructures in Hardiya. This paper explores the dialectical relationship between drinking water infrastructures and social spaces, how both shape each other, through which assemblages, and what it renders. It explores the uneven outcomes of this technological intervention across different socio-spatial groups in Hardiya. Firstly, it examines how drinking water infrastructures arrange social spaces at the village, settlement, cluster, and household level. It further examines the changing nature of drinking water services and infrastructures in Hardiya and how various drinking water programmes incorporating multiple institutions, organizations, actors, and social groups arrange and settlement patterns in the village. Moreover, it examines how different social groups, with variable access to power, access water for their daily needs in the face of diversity in technologies, infrastructures, and responsiveness of local state actors. Using Political Ecology and Critical Geography frameworks, this paper argues that drinking water infrastructures and services, mediated by institutional and social actors, produce uneven access, power arrangements, and socio-technological relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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10. NEW RECORDS OF FOUR TAXA OF OEDOGONIUM (CHLOROPHYCEAE: CHLOROPHYTA) FROM SUPAUL REDISTRICT, NORTHERN BIHAR, INDIA.
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Jha, Deepak Kumar and Jha, Ram Naresh
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AQUATIC habitats - Abstract
The paper deals with the report of four taxa of Oedogonium, I(Chlorophyceae: tChlorophyta) ocollected from different aquatic habitats of northern Bihar during Jan. 2021-Feb. 2022. Of these, one formasO. cyathigeru m f. ornat um dHirn t1900aa nd the species O. mir andrium Skuja 1927eare recorded for, the first time from India. Besides, hO. ta PeinosP orum f. f owl ingenses C.-C.Jao 1937 iso the first record c from Bihar ewhereas O. i ncras satum Hallas ex Andersen 1945 constitutes the second record from India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. An Analysis of the Living and Working Conditions of Migrant Labourers in Mumbai.
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TAUKEER, MOHAMMED
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LIVING conditions ,REMITTANCES ,CULTURAL landscapes ,IMMIGRANTS ,POLITICAL affiliation - Abstract
Mumbai is the heartland for migrant labourers from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar because the city provides them livelihood. The present paper explores the living and working conditions of semi-skilled and unskilled migrant labourers. The methodology of the paper consists of collection of primary data using a mixed method approach in the form of a field visit to Mumbai in February 2019. Qualitative data in the form of narratives, case studies and descriptions was analysed, while quantitative data was analysed using simple statistics and ANOVA. The findings from the study show that these migrant labourers face challenges of socio-economic and political identity in Mumbai but have developed their own cultural landscape to adjust to life in Mumbai. The quantitative findings show that there are variations in the patterns of income, remittances and expenditure of migrant labourers according to their occupation in Mumbai. Therefore, the findings of the study provide a better understanding of the living and working conditions of migrant labourers as well as encourage academicians, policymakers, and researchers for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Relationship of Water Stress and Flood Damage for Sustainable Development.
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Yadav, Vinita and Ibrar, Zeeshan
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FLOOD damage ,SUSTAINABLE development ,WATER shortages ,DISASTER resilience ,FLOOD warning systems ,LEAD in water ,WATER supply ,CROP losses - Abstract
Climate change leads to the extreme occurrence of events, water-related disasters, and pressure on existing water resources. The water resource is important for the ecosystem to create resilient and sustainable settlements. The imbalance between evaporation and precipitation creates either shortage or excess of water in the ecosystem. The shortage leads to water stress whereas excess causes flooding. Out of 28 states in India, Bihar is the most vulnerable state with 16.5 percent of the entire flood-prone area and 22 percent of the total flood-affected population of the country. The paper examines water stress and its relationship with flood damage in north Bihar. The paper's novelty is to identify critical districts facing water stress, flood damage and formulate intervention strategies to create a water-secure region. Using Water Poverty Index (WPI), water stress is estimated for five key components i.e. resource, access, use, capacity, and environment. WPI score is less than 0.35 in 14 districts depicting severe water stress conditions. Flood Damage Index (FDI) estimates the severity of the flood and it's impact considering three parameters i.e. population affected, area affected, and economic loss due to crop damage. Darbhanga district has a maximum FDI score of 0.84 and the least WPI score of 0.22, making it the most critical district. The analysis of WPI and FDI shall be used to devise water and disaster-related policies to alleviate water stress and promote flood-resilient development in flood-affected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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13. Grievance Redressal in India during Pandemic and the Way Forward.
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Shahi, Abhinav
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COMPUTER literacy ,DIGITAL literacy ,PANDEMICS ,DIGITAL divide ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,SMOOTHNESS of functions - Abstract
In a fast-paced world like ours, which is already battling a pandemic, Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) is the need of the hour. The Grievance Redressal Mechanism is an essential apparatus in any government or organizations' toolkit to facilitate smooth functioning. From receiving complaints through a designated channel to redressal in an effective way, Grievance Redressal Mechanisms are inevitable in a world of rising technologies and reach henceforth. Grievance Redressal Mechanisms are dominating a major chunk of workflow not only nationally but internationally too. With the growing technologies and increasing digital literacy among the population, such mechanisms have improved with time, making it more accessible, user-friendly, and contactless. This paper aims to review the existing literature on the issue and look for recent on-field examples wherein states like Kerala, Himachal Pradesh and Bihar have performed exceptionally in e-governance innovations during the pandemic. Alongside some remarkable achievements, there have been some crucial challenges too. These include the ability of such mechanisms among general public and bridging the digital divide in our country. This paper also aims to find solutions to these problems to progress towards a better future for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
14. Electoral patterns and voting behavior of Bihar in Assembly elections from 2010 to 2020: a spatial analysis.
- Author
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Biswas, Firoj
- Subjects
ELECTIONS ,ELECTION forecasting ,ELECTION boards ,VOTING ,POLITICAL campaigns ,SOCIAL groups - Abstract
The present research paper develops its theme with a special focus on Bihar State Assembly elections analysis. It concentrates on the social groups' electoral pattern and voting behavior in the Bihar election. It tried to formulate the specific voting design based on empirical electoral data favoring various political parties contesting the election. The issues entailed in the mobilization of the voters of Bihar has been critically examined through historical and social perspective. For this objective, the paper analyses the historical, cultural, religious, social, and other determinants that show the voting behavior of socially stratified voters of the Bihar state of India. Generally, the paper compares the electoral results, controlling factors, and social implications of Bihar's three consecutive assembly elections: 2010, 2015, and 2020 elections. This research paper is theoretical and utilizes the secondary electoral data derived from the Election Commission of India. The archival sources are other means that helped form arguments and articulation related to the electoral campaign and mass mobilization. The quantitative data are further represented through a visual diagram and a GIS-based electoral map. Interestingly, Bihar produces a specific political atmosphere where the quality of place assigns its unique identities. In the geo-cultural setting of Bihar, Caste plays a pivotal role in controlling electoral behavior. Though, Bihar's recent election of 2020 shows the re-emerging social issues like "class," sometimes" religion," and "Populism "in changing social dynamics, which occupy the central space overshadowing the identity of caste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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15. Changing Pattern of Occupational Structure in Begusarai District: A Geographical Study.
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Manohar, Murli and Rai, Gayatri
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HOUSEHOLD employees ,AGRICULTURAL laborers ,ECONOMIC activity ,SECONDARY analysis ,CULTIVATORS - Abstract
Occupation is the gainful economic activity that defines the level of development of the people. The population involved in different occupations forms the occupational structure of any area. The change or shift in occupations of population has been understood as occupational change. Begusarai is situated in the central Bihar region. It has 18 blocks that have been taken as a study unit. This paper aims to identify the spatial distribution of the working population and non-working population in the Begusarai district and further attempts to understand the causative phenomenon behind it. These variations are studied under the four categories i.e., Cultivators, Agricultural labourers, Household industry workers (HIW), and other workers as per the standard classifications by the Census of India based on economic activity. The paper also discusses the decadal change (2001-2011) observed in the occupational structure of the district. The study is based on secondary data and relies on the District Census Handbook of Begusarai of 2001 and 2011. Different statistical techniques have been used for calculating the occupational structure with the help of MS Excel software. The cartographic representation of decadal changes has been shown with the help of choropleth maps, drawn using ArcGIS software. The study shows that the proportion of cultivators, agricultural labourers, and HIW has decreased from 19.1% to 15.57%, 47.9% to 45.93%, and slightly from 6.9% to 6.20% respectively while other worker's percentage has increased from 26.2% to 32.31% during the decade 2001 - 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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16. Delivering PACE++ curriculum in community settings: Impact of TARA intervention on gender attitudes and dietary practices among adolescent girls in Bihar, India.
- Author
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Mondal, Sudipta, Joe, William, Akhauri, Santosh, Sinha, Irina, Thakur, Putul, Kumar, Vikas, Kumar, Tushar, Pradhan, Narottam, and Kumar, Abhishek
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TEENAGE girls ,PROPENSITY score matching ,GENDER ,ADOLESCENT development ,GENDER inequality ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
Adolescence phase has high intrinsic and instrumental relevance. The Transformative Action for Rural Adolescents intervention delivered PACE++ curriculum with innovations to introduce a) health and nutrition sessions and b) delivery of the content in community settings of rural Bihar. This paper examines impact of the intervention showcasing establishment of intergenerational community connect for empowering and invigorating adolescent girls on gender attitude, empowerment and adolescent health and nutrition. The impact evaluation is based on a two-arm (intervention and comparison groups) cluster randomized controlled design with two rounds of representative cross-sectional surveys. The baseline and endline sample comprised of 2327 and 2033 adolescent girls (15–19 years), respectively. Descriptive statistical, difference-in-differences and propensity score matching methods are used to confirm the program impact. The DID and PSM analyses confirm high significance of impact on gender equity norms, diets and nutritional knowledge and understanding of employee related rights and responsibilities. School-going adolescent girls performed better than those who have discontinued formal education. The intervention showcases the importance of delivering the modified PACE curriculum in rural settings through leveraging community platforms. The findings call for greater policy attention on scaling up of similar initiatives for empowerment and social capital development of adolescent girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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17. Potential of Rice-Based Food Processing Industries Along Eastern Plains of River Ganga.
- Author
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Shyamli Singh
- Subjects
FOOD industry ,ALLUVIAL plains ,SUSTAINABLE communities ,INDUSTRIAL districts ,INDUSTRIALISM ,WEED competition - Abstract
The Indo-Gangetic plains are considered to be the most fertile land area within India. It contains alluvium type of soil which is rich in nutrients and have high water retention capacity. According to many agricultural think tanks, including Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the northern belt of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) and Bihar are the only states having naturally sustainable soil conditions for the cultivation of water-intensive rice crops in India and are also among very few regions of Asia. This paper will be an attempt to propose an integrated system where Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets like poverty, well-being, economic growth, innovation and infrastructure, and sustainable communities will be addressed. With the optimum production of rice in the region and with the support of government schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampda Yojana scheme for overall growth and development of food processing units, food processing industries can be established in selected pockets of eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The food processing industries based on rice processing will produce varied local sweets such as Anarsa, Lakhtho, Thekua, etc., and food products that can get a vital push from the government's One District One Product (ODOP) scheme. With the help of the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), the products can be promoted for international exports as well. Also, it will address the much-known menace of outmigration (4-5 million of workforce per annum) from states and will provide local human capital with income growth and identity. A whole integrated system can be built where linkages from farm to market can be created which will reap farmers: good prices and regular procurement, food industries: good promotion of products plus profits, and local people: economic and social protection. Therefore, by using locally climate suited crop and government supported food parks or industrial system, the holistic aim of 3P's -- people, planet, and profit, will be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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18. Constraints Perceived by Dealers and Households for Execution and Adoption of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.
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Behera, Bijaylaxmi and Mallick, Biswajit
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HOUSEHOLDS ,VILLAGES ,RURAL poor - Abstract
Considering the perception of the LPG dealers and households towards Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, the current study was carried out in the Samastipur district of Bihar in 2022. A total of 110 respondents i.e., 100 women households and 10 LPG dealers were taken for the study from 4 villages of 2 blocks under Samastipur district. 21 specific constraints perceived by households and 18 specific constraints perceived by dealers were categorized into 4 broad constraints, viz., social, cultural, economic, and physical constraints. Analysis was performed by using Garrett's ranking method, and specific constraints were ranked accordingly. Garrett's mean scores of specific constraints ranged 29.38 to 73.41 for social constraints, 30.15 to 69.03 for cultural constraints, 27.73 to 71.77 for economic constraints, and 29.50 to 70.60 for physical constraints as perceived by households. The mean score of constraints perceived by dealers were 30.4 to 71.3 for social constraints, 31.5 to 73.5 for cultural constraints, 26.5 to 70.5 for economic constraints, and 34.5 to 66.7 for physical constraints. The paper may provides a better insight into the grassroots level constraints for implementation and acceptance of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana in rural villages of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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19. Appraisal of Farm Diversification and Livelihood System of Bihar (India).
- Author
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Singh, Neha, Kadian, K. S., Raj, Khusboo, Meena, H. R., and Bellagi, Rahul
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AGRICULTURE ,AGRICULTURAL education ,CROPPING systems ,FARMS ,AGRICULTURAL research ,SOCIAL work with children - Abstract
The paper examines state-level trends in Bihar for determining patterns in farm diversification for the period 1990-91 to 2018-19, using the Simpson Index of Diversification (SID) and ordinal linear regression analysis to analyse the determinants. The study, conducted in the year 2022, reported that the cropping system at the state level is transforming from food grains to different high-value crops and allied farming sectors. The transformation was not uniform across the regions. The SID values have demonstrated how the agricultural economy has been more diverse over time, with some variations in the production of food and non-food crops. The result of multiple regressions has revealed earning members, social work participation, and government donations to be the major determinants of farm diversification, and various constraints were identified using the Garrett ranking method. Hence, the study suggests that policy support for the development of dairy farmers should be more focused on increased cropping intensity, insurance protection, investments in agricultural research and education, and technology development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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20. Birth Mapping: A Visual Arts-Based Participatory Research Method Embedded in Feminist Epistemology.
- Author
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Mayra, Kaveri
- Subjects
CHILDBIRTH ,PARTICIPANT observation ,RESEARCH methodology ,THEORY of knowledge ,FEMINISTS ,REPRODUCTIVE health - Abstract
Reproductive and sexual health of women are sensitive areas of enquiry characterized by strong cultural oppression of women. Body mapping, an arts-based participatory research method, has proven useful in research with such sensitive topics. In this paper, I describe my experience of researching women's experience of childbirth through birth maps, an adaptation of body mapping. Live size maps were co-created along with birthing story and body key with women in Bihar, India. Body mapping is a very cost-effective method that ensures better recall, richer narratives, reduced power-based inequalities that enables to explore reproductive, maternal & sexual health topics respectfully. The birth map and birthing story can generate awareness about how women give birth, as an attempt to improve the quality and respectfulness in care provision during labour and childbirth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. TÖRPEBIRTOKOSTÓL AZ ÓRIÁS URADALOMIG A szerzodéses jobbdgysdg Veszprém, Sopron, Borsod és Bihar vármegyékben.
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LÁSZLÓ, TONPA
- Subjects
POWER (Social sciences) ,PEASANTS ,LIVING conditions ,ECONOMIC activity ,MINORITIES ,CONTRACTS - Abstract
One of the groups of sources that can most profitably be used for the examination of the argarian population of Hungary in the early modern era is the archival legacy of the regulation of seigneurial dues ordered by Queen Maria Theresia. Alongside the quantitative data, the responses given to the points of the inquiry shed light on the living and legal conditions of the most characteristic group within the eighteenth-century peasantry, that of contract tenants. While part of the jobbigy-peasantry and as such excluded from the noble nation and from all kinds of political and economic power, this group of the subjected population nevertheless theoretically enjoyed exceptionally wide guarantees in everyday economic activity as opposed to the lord's economy, with which it lived in an uneasy harmony, sometimes conflicting, and to the lord himself. Based on the material of four counties (Veszpr6m, Sopron, Borsod, Bihar),the paper explores the regional patterns of contract tenant peasantry in 887 settlements, as well as their ethnic, social and economic features, and those of the lords who dominated them. It likewise explores the proportion of landless peasants and resettled ethnic minorities, prevailing landholding forms, and the issues of serfdom and freedom in correlation with the contract relationship. Through a qualitative analysis of the responses given by the population at the time of the regulation, the paper also explores the formal characteristics of contract-making, offering a „typology" of such contracts by ordering the different contracts into a system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
22. Tejashwi Yadav criticizes the NDA government for the increasing crime incidents in Bihar.
- Subjects
CRIME ,TEACHER recruitment ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,CIVIL service positions - Abstract
Tejashwi Yadav, the Leader of Opposition in the Bihar Assembly, has criticized the NDA government in Bihar for the increasing incidents of crime in the state. He questioned the leaders of the BJP and JD-U about the law and order situation, citing recent incidents such as the shooting of a journalist in Nalanda and the killing of a builder in Patna. Yadav also mentioned the issue of question paper leaks in the BPSC teachers recruitment exam and accused a minister in the Nitish Kumar government of protecting criminals. He did not comment on the Rs 10 crore Benami electoral bonds used by the JD-U. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
23. Assessment of Habitat Suitability and Potential Corridors for Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Valmiki Tiger Reserve, India, Using MaxEnt Model and Least-Cost Modeling Approach.
- Author
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Roshani, Rahaman, Md Hibjur, Masroor, Md, Sajjad, Haroon, and Saha, Tamal Kanti
- Subjects
TIGERS ,CORRIDORS (Ecology) ,LOCATION data ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,HABITATS ,LAND cover ,WILDLIFE management areas - Abstract
Tigers have seen significant population losses due to the degradation and fragmentation of their habitat ranges worldwide. Thus, habitat suitability assessment of such predators is essential for restoring their numbers and devising strategies for their protection. This paper aims to assess the habitat suitability and potential corridors for Bengal tiger species (Panthera tigris tigris) in the Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) located in the West Champaran district of Bihar, India. Nine suitability conditioning factors (tree cover, prey richness, drainage density, vegetation types, elevation, slope, aspect, temperature, and rainfall) and seven threatening factors (forest fragmentation, land use land cover, distance from roads, railway tracks, settlement, range offices, and forest fire points) were selected for emphasizing species-environment association in VTR. The spatial layers of all the factors and presence location data of tigers were integrated into the MaxEnt model to prepare a habitat suitability map. The model was validated utilizing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (0.822), which was found in good agreement. The least-cost corridor modeling based on surface resistance was utilized to identify the cost-effective pathways and prioritize dispersal routes and potential corridors for this species. The findings revealed that the largest area of the Reserve was found to be moderately suitable (41.92%), followed by low suitable (22.98%), highly suitable (19.34%), and unsuitable areas (15.76%). The potential causes for low suitability and unsuitable habitats included human-induced disturbances, especially in the buffer zone of VTR. The core habitats and their connectivity, particularly in the eastern and central parts of the Reserve, facilitated the dispersal of the Bengal tiger population. This study offers significant insights for identifying crucial habitats and establishing corridors between them. The study calls for suitable measures for restricting human encroachment and increasing predator movements from the adjacent corridors of the protected reserves of Nepal and Uttar Pradesh. The findings may help forest managers and stakeholders for suggesting suitable conservation and restoration practices as well as regulating strategies for the self-sustenance of reintroduced tigers in the Reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Radiocarbon Dates from the Archaeological Site of Sakas, Bihar, India.
- Author
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Bates, J, Singh, V K, Singh, R N, Singh, Manisha, Mohan, Brij, Chakradhari, Sudarshan, Singh, Abhay P, Conte, Matthew, and Oh, Yongje
- Subjects
RADIOCARBON dating ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL dating ,AGRICULTURE ,ECONOMIC systems ,ACCELERATOR mass spectrometry ,SOCIAL change - Abstract
Dates from recently excavated Gangetic site of Sakas in Bihar, India, place it at ca.1800–1100 BC. The ceramic and lithic chronologies have been interpreted as Early Farming, Transitional and Chalcolithic/Developed Farming in date. However, depending on where in the Ganges Plains is studied, the time frame of Early, Developed and Advanced Farming periods varies widely, from 7th millennium to 2nd millennium BC and beyond, making the chronological framing of absolute dates within a regional scheme highly complex. In this paper we report the new radiocarbon results from Sakas and note how while these are critical for cementing the absolute dating of the site, until such time as a more stable periodization linked not only to relative and absolute dates but also human lifeways within the different zones of the Ganges plains is created, there remains difficulties in understanding how Sakas and other sites of similar date fit into the changing social, cultural and economic systems in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. A holistic review on trend, occurrence, factors affecting pesticide concentration, and ecological risk assessment.
- Author
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Singh, Rajeev Pratap, Mahajan, Monika, Gandhi, Kavita, Gupta, Pankaj Kumar, Singh, Anita, Singh, Prafull, Singh, Rahul Kumar, and Kidwai, Mohd Kashif
- Subjects
PESTICIDES ,ECOLOGICAL risk assessment ,SEWAGE disposal plants ,PESTICIDE pollution ,ECOSYSTEM management ,AGRICULTURE ,RAINFALL - Abstract
Demographic outbursts and increased food demands invoke excessive use of pesticides in the agricultural field for increasing productivity which leads to the relentless decline of riverine health and its tributaries. These tributaries are connected to a plethora of point and non-point sources that transport pollutants including pesticides into the Ganga river's mainstream. Simultaneous climate change and lack of rainfall significantly increase pesticide concentration in the soil and water matrix of the river basin. This paper is intended to review the paradigm shift of pesticide pollution in the last few decades in the river Ganga and its tributaries. Along with this, a comprehensive review suggests the ecological risk assessment method which facilitates policy development, sustainable riverine ecosystem management, and decision-making. Before 2011, the total mixture of Hexachlorocyclohexane was found at 0.004–0.026 ng/mL in Hooghly, but now, the concentration has increased up to 0.465–4.132 ng/mL. Aftermath of critical review, we observed maximum residual commodities and pesticide contamination reported in Uttar Pradesh > West Bengal > Bihar > Uttara Khand possibly because of agricultural load, increasing settlement, and incompetency of sewage treatment plant in the reclamation of pesticide contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Spatial nonstationary hierarchical Bayes estimation of small area proportions.
- Author
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Anjoy, Priyanka and Chandra, Hukum
- Subjects
BAYES' estimation ,EXECUTIVE departments ,AGRICULTURAL credit ,GOVERNMENT information ,LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
The hierarchical Bayes predictor of small area proportions (HBP) under an area level version of generalized linear mixed model with logit link function is widely used in small area estimation for binary variable. However, this predictor does not account for the presence of spatial nonstationarity in the data, i.e., where the parameters associated with the model covariates vary spatially. This paper develops a spatially nonstationary extension to the hierarchical Bayes predictor of small area proportions that accounts for the presence of spatial nonstationarity in the data. The proposed predictor is referred as the spatial nonstationary hierarchical Bayes predictor (HBNSP). The impact of survey design information is also explored in the proposed predictor. The empirical results from simulation studies using spatially nonstationary data indicate that the HBNSP method performs better, in terms of relative bias and relative mean squared error, than the alternative HBP method that ignore this spatial nonstationarity. The results further show that use of survey-weight to incorporate the sampling design appears to be imperative when sample data is informative. The HBNSP approach is illustrated by applying it to estimation of incidence of indebtedness in farm households across the districts in the state of Bihar in India using debt investment survey data. A map depicting the spatial distribution of incidence of indebtedness in Bihar has also been produced which provides a useful information for the government departments and ministries involved in farm credit distribution related policy planning and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Anemia - a scourge to maternal and child development in Bihar, India.
- Author
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Nirala, Santosh Kumar, Rao, Rajath, Naik, Bijaya Nanda, Patil, Shreyas, Verma, Manisha, Singh, C. M., and Pandey, Sanjay
- Subjects
IRON deficiency anemia treatment ,CHILD development ,DISEASE prevalence ,HEALTH surveys ,MATERNAL health services - Abstract
Introduction and aim. Anemia remains a leading contributor to years lived with disability (YLDs), being responsible for 50.3 million (5.82%) YLDs worldwide and 19.3 million (12.03%) YLDs in India, respectively. Results of the National Family Health Survey 2019-2021 (NFHS-5) suggest a high burden of anemia in India among women of reproductive age and children aged 6-59 months at the national level (57%, 67.1%), and in the state of Bihar, India (63.5%, 69.4%). Iron deficiency is the leading cause, accounting for more than half the cases. Anemia bodes harmful implications for both the mother and child, with long-lasting consequences for the latter. Anemia control programs have yielded little benefit despite efforts stretching over five decades. This narrative review aims to highlight the burden of anemia and the probable factors behind it among under-5 children and women of reproductive age in the Indian state of Bihar. Material and methods. The paper is a narrative review. The following databases were used to search and select literature: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. In addition, the websites of relevant government departments and national health programs were searched for pertinent material. Analysis of the literature. A multitude of reasons seem to be behind the unabated high prevalence in Bihar: low socioeconomic status, gender disparities, traditional customs and practices, food insecurity, lack of diverse diets, poor consumption, and no adherence to iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements, groundwater contamination with arsenic and fluoride, and supply chain mismanagement, all playing roles of varying degree. Conclusion. An all-encompassing approach and not merely the provision of IFA supplements are necessary to unravel the intricate web of factors that lead to anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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28. Prevalence and correlates of adolescent pregnancy, motherhood and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
- Author
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Shri, Neha, Singh, Mayank, Dhamnetiya, Deepak, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Jha, Ravi Prakash, and Patel, Priyanka
- Subjects
TEENAGE pregnancy ,PREGNANCY outcomes ,MOTHERHOOD ,TEENAGE girls ,CHILDBIRTH - Abstract
Pregnancy during adolescence is a major risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further, Motherhood during the adolescent period is identified as a major global health burden. Considering the widely known importance of the negative impact of adolescent pregnancy, motherhood at an early age, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, this paper aims to provide insight into correlates of teen pregnancy, adolescent motherhood and adverse pregnancy outcome. This study utilizes the data from UDAYA survey conducted in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The eligible sample size for the study was 4897 married adolescent girls between the ages of 15 and 19 years. Bivariate analysis with a chi-square test of association and Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to fulfill the aim of the study. Our study shows that a major proportion of married adolescents (61%) got pregnant before the age of 20 years and around 42% of all adolescent married women gave birth to a child before reaching the age of 20 years. Adolescents who married before the age of 18 years were 1.79 times more likely to experience pregnancy (OR: 1.79; CI: 1.39–2.30) and 3.21 times more likely to experience motherhood (OR: 3.21; CI: 2.33–4.43). In the present study, women who experienced physical violence were at higher risk for having an adverse pregnancy outcome (OR: 1.41; CI: 1.08–1.84) than those who did not experience physical violence. To conclude, regional and national level efforts focused on improving early marriage, education and empowering women and girls can be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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29. Assessing Livelihood Vulnerability in Diara with Special Reference to Flood: A Case Study of West Champaran District of Bihar.
- Author
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Kumar, Manendra and Baraik, Vijay Kumar
- Subjects
ALLUVIAL plains ,FLOODS ,DROUGHT management ,STREAMFLOW ,HOUSEHOLD surveys ,EMBANKMENTS ,RIVER channels - Abstract
An extreme natural event can destroy or change the nature of livelihood of any region. In most part of the world, flood has been proved to be a major threat. Flood has destroyed millions of lives. The impact of flood is relatively higher in the states of Assam and Bihar, which face floods every year (Sinha, 2008; Mishra, 2007). Significant losses of life and property are witnessed. The devastation snatches away various livelihood capitals in these areas. Diara regions are found between river embankments (Hill, 1987; Kumari et al., 2018; Wadhnani and Singh, 2008) in the states of Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh, etc. which face such vagaries of flood. All the perennial rivers flowing in the plain region have a land feature called Diara, known by different names locally. The term of 'Diara' can be used for that part of the riverbed, which is inundated during floods and remains dried during the post flood period. Villages located in the Diara region face the impacts of floods and drought every year. These are the most inaccessible and excluded villages of the plain region. This paper attempts to assess livelihood vulnerability in the Diara region of West Champaran district of Bihar. The study has used the data collected through conducting a primary household survey using a structured schedule, field observation, interviews and group discussions. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index was constructed using three sub-indexes of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Out of the total sample households surveyed, 12.17 percent households had very high livelihood vulnerability, 35 percent households had high levels of livelihood vulnerability adding to a total of 47 percent households, which were in bad condition (very high + high) in terms of livelihood vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. There will be counting at 40 centres in Bihar amid tight security.
- Subjects
COUNTING ,AMBULANCE service ,VIDEO surveillance - Abstract
Officials have announced that the counting of votes for all 40 parliamentary seats in Bihar will take place at multiple counting centers across 33 districts. Stringent security measures have been put in place to ensure the safety of the Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trails (VVPATs), including CCTV surveillance and the deployment of paramilitary forces and state police personnel. The Election Commission has also provided helpline numbers for individuals to register any grievances. Some districts have a single center designated for two Lok Sabha constituencies, and traffic restrictions will be implemented in Patna on the day of counting. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
31. Bihar Sponge Iron informs about newspaper publication.
- Subjects
FINANCIAL statements ,AUDITED financial statements ,IRON - Abstract
Pursuant to Regulation 47 of the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015, Bihar Sponge Iron has informed that it enclosed paper clippings of Audited Financial Results for the 4th quarter and year ended on 31st March, 2024, published in newspapers - Financial Express - English and Naya India - Hindi, Ranchi edition on Wednesday the 29th May, 2024. The same will also be available on Company's website at www.bsil.org.in.The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
32. Temporary childbirth migration and maternal health care in India.
- Author
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Diamond-Smith, Nadia, Gopalakrishnan, Lakshmi, Patil, Sumeet, Fernald, Lia, Menon, Purnima, Walker, Dilys, and El Ayadi, Alison M.
- Subjects
MATERNAL health services ,CHILDBIRTH ,MEDICAL care use ,COMMUNITY health workers ,PRENATAL care ,HEALTH services accessibility - Abstract
Background: Women in South Asia often return to their natal home during pregnancy, for childbirth, and stay through the postpartum period—potentially impacting access to health care and health outcomes in this important period. However, this phenomenon is understudied (and not even named) in the demographic or health literature, nor do we know how it impacts health. Objective: The aim of this study is to measure the magnitude, timing, duration, risk factors and impact on care of this phenomenon, which we name Temporary Childbirth Migration. Methods: Using data from 9,033 pregnant and postpartum women collected in 2019 in two large states of India (Madhya Pradesh and Bihar) we achieve these aims using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models, combined with qualitative data from community health workers about this practice. Results: We find that about one third of women return to their natal home at some point in pregnancy or postpartum, mostly clustered close to the time of delivery. Younger, primiparous, and non-Hindu women were more likely to return to their natal home. Women reported that they went to their natal home because they believed that they would receive better care; this was born out by our analysis in Bihar, but not Madhya Pradesh, for prenatal care. Conclusions: Temporary childbirth migration is common, and, contrary to expectations, did not lead to disruptions in care, but rather led to more access to care. Contribution: We describe a hitherto un-named, underexplored yet common phenomenon that has implications for health care use and potentially health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Soil Liquefaction Potential in Different Seismic Zones of Bihar, India.
- Author
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Thakur, Ishwar Chandra and Roy, L. B.
- Subjects
SOIL liquefaction ,EARTHQUAKE zones ,CYCLIC loads ,SILT - Abstract
Liquefaction potential analysis for the liquefiable as well as non-liquefiable soils of Bihar state has been performed in this paper based on the actual field data from three seismic zones, i.e. zone III, zone IV, and zone V. The analysis has been performed following the simplified procedure given in [1] and later modified in [2]. The results show that districts under seismic zone III are comparatively more resistant to liquefaction in most cases, districts of zone IV are relatively more prone to liquefaction up to a few depths, and districts of zone V are most liquefiable. Liquefaction resistance is primarily depending upon the fine content of soil and SPT N-values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Sultanganj Re-Visited: Encountering the Past Through Living Traditions.
- Author
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Bose, Ruma
- Subjects
ART historians ,COMMUNITIES ,CULTURAL property ,ARCHAEOLOGISTS ,ART history ,PROTECTION of cultural property - Abstract
This ethnographical paper re-explores the ancient remains of Sultanganj, Bihar, reports new findings of interest to archaeologists and art historians of eastern India and attempts to explain the historical context for the emergence of the site. Intervowen are prevailing popular conceptions of recovered old images and their place in the living traditions of a complex socio-religious pilgrimage town. It explores the local community's response to a recent threat to this cultural heritage and demonstrates how popular conceptions of the life and location of ancient images offer a complementary model for the protection and preservation of ancient heritage in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Remembering Malan: reading representations of domestic servants in colonial Bihar.
- Author
-
Paiker, Ufaque
- Subjects
MASTER & servant ,HOUSEHOLD employees ,CASTE ,URDU poets - Abstract
This paper will discuss the construction of the ashraf identity through the representation of servants by a nineteenth-century Urdu poet of Bihar, Shad Azimabadi (1846–1927). Shad considered exclusivity of language and the distinctiveness of the master–servant relationship as a part of the adab culture (code of conduct) and the exclusivity of the ashraf. This exclusivity, however, underwent significant change amidst the economic decline that set in motion in the late nineteenth century within ashraf families. One of the significant changes was the redefinition of the master–servant relationship along the lines of caste. The transition from adab to caste will be traced through the memoir of Shad written by his grandson, Naqi Ahmad Irshad, and texts published in an Urdu newspaper, Al Punch, that contested the very claim of exclusivity of the ashraf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Occurrences of Rare Earth Element (REE) Bearing Minerals in Migmatitic Gneiss and Granitoids of Chhotanagpur Granite Gneissic Complex, Bihar, India.
- Author
-
Patel, Dhananjay Kumar, Rahman, Abdur, and Singh, Mili
- Subjects
RARE earth metals ,GNEISS ,MINERALS ,GRANITE ,SUBDUCTION zones ,SILICATE minerals - Abstract
This paper presents the geochemical characteristics, petrogenetic processes and source characteristics of Rare Earth Elements (REE) bearing migmatitic gneiss and granitoids near Tangeshwar village, Banka district, Bihar, in order to demarcate the potential zone of REE mineralization. These migmatitic gneiss and granitoids belongs to the Chhotanagpur granite gneissic complex (CGGC). The study of migmatitic gneiss and granitoids of CGGC suggest that they have high content of SiO
2 , low contents of Fe2 O3 and MgO and SiO2 vs. Na2 O and K2 O shows positive correlation which suggest, they are dominated by sodic and alkali rich minerals and were derived from a felsic (granitic) source. Also LREE-LILE enrichment, HFSE depletion and calc-alkaline nature indicates that the magmatism is related to the subduction zone. Petrographic and EPMA studies of these migmatitic gneiss and granitoids confirms the presence of REE bearing mineral phases such as allanite, xenotime, monazite, and basnasite. They are generally present at the rim of biotite, as an inclusion in biotite and also along the grain boundaries and within the cracks of major silicate minerals. This suggest that the REE formation takes place at the deuteric stage of magma crystallisation followed by the formation of granite. Chemical analysis of bed rock samples for rare earth elements using ICPMS shows that the highest concentration is in migmatitic gneiss and granitoids, which varies from 47.85–925.67 ppm and 47.85–626.48 ppm respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Prior to the completion of the seat-sharing formula within the INDIA bloc in Bihar, RJD grants tickets to three candidates.
- Subjects
TICKETS ,SHARING - Abstract
The RJD party in Bihar has granted tickets to three candidates for the upcoming Lok Sabha elections, even though the seat-sharing formula within the INDIA bloc has not been finalized. The candidates include Kumar Sarwajeet for the Gaya reserved seat, Abhay Kushwaha for Aurangabad, and Archana Ravidas for Jamui (Reserved). The filing of nomination papers is currently underway, and the electorate in Bihar will vote on April 19. The RJD's decision to grant tickets was made by party president Lalu Prasad Yadav. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
38. Cash transfers versus food subsidies during COVID-19: dietary practices of rural women in Bihar, India.
- Author
-
Husain, Zakir, Ghosh, Saswata, and Dutta, Mousumi
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,RURAL women ,SUBSIDIES ,FOOD security ,SUPPLY chains ,CASH transactions - Abstract
This study examines the coverage and effect of cash transfers and food subsidies in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is based on a primary survey of rural women in the state of Bihar – an underdeveloped state with poor public delivery systems – undertaken in January–March and September–November 2020. Although the coverage of cash transfers was wider than that of food subsidies, respondents receiving cereals and pulses under the Public Distribution System reported a lower probability of suffering from food insecurity vis-à-vis cash subsidies. The study suggests that food subsidies may be more effective when supply chains break down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Do marriage markets respond to a natural disaster? The impact of flooding of the Kosi river in India.
- Author
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Khanna, Madhulika and Kochhar, Nishtha
- Subjects
- *
MARRIED people , *MARRIAGE , *NATURAL disasters , *MARRIAGE age , *BOND market , *MARRIED women , *MARRIED men - Abstract
This paper studies the impact of the flooding of the Kosi river on the timing of marriage in the Indian state of Bihar, one of the world's poorest regions. Using a difference-in-differences design, we show that the Kosi floods reduced men's age at marriage by almost a year and women's age at marriage by over 4 months. The Kosi floods also decreased the secondary school completion rates of married men and women and married women's command over economic resources. We interpret these results within a framework of marriage markets, where in the absence of complete credit markets, marriage market payments (dowry) help smooth consumption in response to adverse income shocks. In support of this framework, we find that the impact of the Kosi floods is more pronounced among Hindus (for whom dowry is the traditional marriage payment norm) and among the landless (who are more credit-constrained). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Oppn raises Kanwar Yatra issue, NDA allies seek special status for Bihar at all-party meet.
- Subjects
STATUS (Law) - Abstract
The Centre held an all-party meeting ahead of Parliament's Budget Session, chaired by Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. The opposition raised concerns about the Kanwar Yatra row, while two NDA allies, Janata Dal(United) and Lok Janshakti Party, demanded special status for Bihar. The issue of recurring floods in Bihar was also discussed, along with demands for special status for Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. Congress raised issues regarding the appointment of a Deputy Speaker and the NEET paper leak. Various other political parties raised concerns about the requirement for food establishments along the Kanwar Yatra route to display the names of their owners. The Centre aimed to brief all political parties about its agenda and requested cooperation for the smooth functioning of Parliament. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
41. Understanding energy and groundwater irrigation nexus for sustainability over a highly irrigated ecosystem of north western India.
- Author
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Singh, Omvir, Kasana, Amrita, and Bhardwaj, Pankaj
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER ,IRRIGATION ,WELLS ,ENERGY consumption ,ECOSYSTEMS ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
This paper examines various features of energy and groundwater irrigation nexus in a highly irrigated ecosystem of north western India. The study is based both on primary and secondary sources of data. Electric tube-wells account for about 72 percent of the total tube-wells population and consume about 40 percent of the total electricity consumption. Power subsidies account approximately 46 percent of the total subsidies disbursed which stimulate the groundwater development. The area irrigated by means of tube-wells has enlarged from 22 to 58 percent. Rice and sugarcane crops are the key consumers of energy both in terms of average energy consumption as well as per hectare of cultivated land. The average use factor of tube-wells is about 7.5 times high during kharif than in rabi season. Farmers have yielded high economic productivity under all crops with the exception of rice than other states such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Gujarat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The challenges of aligning aggregation schemes with equitable fruit and vegetable delivery: lessons from Bihar, India.
- Author
-
Cooper, Gregory S., Rich, Karl M., Shankar, Bhavani, and Rana, Vinay
- Subjects
EMERGING markets ,FRUIT ,VEGETABLES ,VALUE chains ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,SCHOOL gardens ,URBAN agriculture ,EXPORTS - Abstract
Purpose: Agricultural aggregation schemes provide numerous farmer-facing benefits, including reduced transportation costs and improved access to higher-demand urban markets. However, whether aggregation schemes also have positive food security dimensions for consumers dependent on peri-urban and local markets in developing country contexts is currently unknown. This paper aims to narrow this knowledge gap by exploring the actors, governance structures and physical infrastructures of the horticultural value chain of Bihar, India, to identify barriers to using aggregation to improve the distribution of fruits and vegetables to more local market environments. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses mixed methods. Quantitative analysis of market transaction data explores the development of aggregation supply pathways over space and time. In turn, semi-structured interviews with value chain actors uncover the interactions and decision-making processes with implications for equitable fruit and vegetable delivery. Findings: Whilst aggregation successfully generates multiple producer-facing benefits, the supply pathways tend to cluster around urban export-oriented hubs, owing to the presence of high-capacity traders, large consumer bases and traditional power dynamics. Various barriers across the wider enabling environment must be overcome to unlock the potential for aggregation to increase local fruit and vegetable delivery, including informal governance structures, cold storage gaps and underdeveloped transport infrastructures. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first critical analysis of horticultural aggregation through a consumer-sensitive lens. The policy-relevant lessons are pertinent to the equitable and sustainable development of horticultural systems both in Bihar and in similar low- and middle-income settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. THE SELF-HELP GROUP RESILIENCE PROJECT: DEVELOPING AND PILOTING A RESILIENCE INTERVENTIONIN BIHAR,INDIA.
- Author
-
ANDREW, GRACY, LEVENTHAL, KATHERINE SACHS, DEMARIA, LISA, TOUSSAINT, LOREN, TIWARI, ANANYA, and LEVENTHAL, STEVE
- Subjects
SUPPORT groups ,RURAL population ,CURRICULUM planning ,MIDDLE-income countries ,PILOT projects - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Social Intervention: Theory & Practice is the property of Universiteit Utrecht and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Intraseasonal variability and possible causes of large-scale and convective precipitations over the Gangetic plain of India.
- Author
-
Sarthi, P. Parth and Kumar, Praveen
- Subjects
ZONAL winds ,HUMIDITY ,STRATUS clouds ,CUMULUS clouds ,WESTERLIES ,PLAINS ,QUASI-biennial oscillation (Meteorology) - Abstract
The occurrence of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) during June to September, especially over the eastern Gangetic plain of India, is the lifeline for densely residing people. The intraseasonal and interannual variability in ISMR provokes drought and flood conditions and largely affects agriculture practices. Owing to its importance, several studies on the variability of ISMR over the meteorological subdivisions, namely West Bengal (WB), Jharkhand (JH), Bihar (BR), East Uttar Pradesh (EUP), and West Uttar Pradesh (WUP), respectively, have been conducted; however, the contribution of large-scale precipitation (LSP) and convective precipitation (CP) in ISMR needs to discuss. The LSP is precipitated out from the stratus or nimbostratus clouds, while CP occurs from the cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds, and both of them coexist in ISMR during summer monsoon months. The objective of this paper is to analyze and discuss the climatological characteristics and possible causes of occurrence of LSP and CP over the meteorological subdivisions. For this purpose, the data of LSP, CP, zonal, meridional (u and v components) wind, and relative humidity (rh) at the spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° for the period of 1980–2019 are taken from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data at a surface resolution of 1° × 1° for the same periods are obtained from the National Centre for Environmental Information (of NOAA). The observed rainfall data of the India Meteorological Department at the same resolution and period is considered and compared with ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA5) data. The spatial and temporal distribution of both types of precipitation is analyzed, and their linkage with OLR, zonal winds, and rh at pressure levels of 1000 hPa, 850 hPa, and 700 hPa (in lower troposphere) is examined. The daily climatological values of CP (LSP) are relatively higher (lower) in each meteorological subdivision. The associated lower values of OLR are noticed over the Gangetic West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Bihar, while higher values of OLR are seen over the East and West UP. From the pressure levels of 1000 to 700 hPa, the change in the zonal wind, i.e., easterly to westerly and vice versa, and occurrence of a large amount of rh (>80%) may be possibly initiated moist convective activity for more precipitating out CP over the Gangetic West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Bihar in comparison to East and West Uttar Pradesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Crop yield convergence across districts in India's poorest state.
- Author
-
Sinha, Rishabh
- Subjects
CROP yields ,REGIONAL disparities ,WHEAT ,CROPS ,CORN ,CREDIT control ,AGRICULTURAL economics - Abstract
Bihar, India's poorest state, witnessed impressive yield growth in its three principal crops during the last decade or so. This paper examines whether a reduction in regional yield disparities accompanied these state-level productivity gains. The convergence test allows the district-specific element of productivity to vary with time, thus permitting divergence in interim phases. District rice yields converged towards a common growth path. The results for wheat and maize are not as conclusive. However, there is strong evidence of divergence for each crop in recent years. This divergence, nonetheless, happens in the presence of club convergence. The club classification transcends agro-climatic boundaries, indicating a role for policy to aid growth in the lagging districts. The shifts in credit allocation over the years do not appear to be driving the yield divergence, highlighting the limitations of a macro credit-driven policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. USABILITY OF E-RESOURCES AMONG LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE STUDENTS IN PATNA UNIVERSITY, BIHAR: A STUDY.
- Author
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Kumari, Deepika, Pandey, Satakshi, and Choudhary, Ranjeet Kumar
- Subjects
LIBRARY school students ,LIBRARY resources ,COLLEGE students ,DIGITAL libraries ,LIBRARY research ,LIBRARY users ,LIBRARY websites - Abstract
The research aims into library science students at Patna University in Bihar's understanding and use of electronic resources and many other relevant topics. In this investigation, the researcher adopted a descriptive strategy. The main objective of the paper is to get an understanding of the use of electronic resources by the library user. Overall, 90 questionnaires were distributed, whereas only 72 were filled and returned as a sample. To collect data from the users, a systematic questionnaire was constructed. The study aimed to determine the users' requirements and level of consciousness and use of electronic resources. According to data, many users were satisfied with infrastructure facilities, required information, or other reasons for using e-resources and services. However, some users could not use the e-resources due to the lack of user education and awareness campaigns, language difficulties, and IT skills and understanding. As a result, libraries should actively launch well-planned user awareness and education initiatives, expand infrastructure, and subscribe to more eresources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
47. Impact Evaluation of Technology Driven Mental Health Capacity Building in Bihar, India.
- Author
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Malathesh, Barikar C., Bairy, Bhavya K., Kumar, Channaveerachari Naveen, Nirisha, P. Lakshmi, Gajera, Gopi V., Pandey, Praveen, Manjunatha, Narayana, Ganesh, Aurobind, Mehrotra, Kanika, Bhaskarapillai, Binukumar, Gunasekaran, Durai Murukan, Arora, Sanjeev, Sinha, Narendra Kumar, and Math, Suresh Bada
- Subjects
MENTAL health ,PRIMARY care ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,MENTAL illness ,CLINICAL psychologists - Abstract
Task-shifting is an important means to address the barrier of inadequate specialist human resources for mental health in countries such as India. This paper aims to report the impact of one such task-shifting initiative. Twenty-two non-specialist Medical Officers of Bihar, an eastern Indian state were engaged in a ten-month long hybrid (a 15-days onsite orientation to psychiatry and periodic online mentoring in primary care psychiatry) training program to enable them to identify commonly presenting psychiatric disorders in their respective clinics. 20 online sessions (hub and spoke ECHO model) occurred over the next 10 months. Apart from didactic topics, 75 cases covering severe mental disorders, common mental disorders and substance use disorders were discussed (case presentations by the primary care doctors (PCDs)) and moderated by a specialist psychiatrist and clinical psychologist). 12 successive self-reported monthly reports (comprising of the number and nature of psychiatric cases seen by the trainee PCDs) were analyzed. The mean (SD) number of sessions attended was 9 (8.0) and median was 13 (Range: 0–20). Mean number of cases (per PCD) discussed was 3.4 (3.4) (Median: 4; Range: 0–10). Total 20,909 patients were cared for in the 12 months after initiation of the training program. Increasingly, a greater number of patients were cared for as the training progressed. This pattern was mainly driven by more identifications of severe mental disorders (SMDs), common mental disorders (CMDs), dementias and substance use disorders. Mean (SD) number of patients seen per month before and after training was 1340.33 (86.73) and 1876.44 (236.51) (t = − 3.5, p < 0.05) respectively. A hybrid model of training PCDs is feasible and can be effective in identification of persons with psychiatric disorders in the community. Prospective, well designed studies are essential to demonstrate the effectiveness of this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND BEHAVIORAL BIASES.
- Author
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Sinha, Aashna and Shunmugasundaram, V.
- Subjects
LIFE insurance ,CONFIRMATION bias ,LIFE insurance companies ,INVESTORS ,INCOME ,PLANNING techniques ,INSURANCE agents - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of demographic factors (Age, Annual Income, Educational Qualification, and Total earning members in the family) on behavioral biases (Availability bias, Confirmation bias, Conservatism bias, and Loss-aversion bias) of policyholders of life insurance. The influence of demographic factors on behavioral biases is based on the structured questionnaire survey designed to collect responses from 407 respondents residing in Bihar, India using a convenient sampling technique. The results show that behavioral biases are influenced by demographic factors (Age, Annual Income, Educational Qualification, and Total earning members in the family) as there is a significant difference across the categories of various demographic factors with the respective behavioral biases. The study suggests that behavioral biases affect the decisions of the policyholders, so minimizing these biases is needed in their decision-making process and thus to improve their investment strategies. This study is important for life insurance companies and agents to understand the investment behavior of life insurance policyholders. This study contributes to the limited research done in the area of investment decision-making by investors in life insurance. It contributes to the lacking academe on life insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
49. DURATION-MORTALITY RESPONSE OF FLUBENDIAMIDE AGAINST THE LARVAE OF SPILARCTIA OBLIQUA (WALKER).
- Author
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Thakur, Himanshu and Srivastava, R. P.
- Subjects
LARVAE ,INSECT pests ,NOCTUIDAE ,ATOMIZATION ,LEPIDOPTERA ,CATERPILLARS ,PYRALIDAE - Abstract
Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua (Walker) (Erebidae: Lepidoptera) is a potentially destructive, polyphagous and sporadic insect pest. An experiment was conducted to determine the duration mortality response of flubendiamide (Fame 480 SC) at 0.01 and 0.005% concentrations against 14 days old larvae of S. obliqua (average larval weight: 0.47 g) by larval atomization method under laboratory conditions (Temp. 26oC, R.H. 82%). The LT50 values at 0.01 and 0.005 % concentrations of flubendiamide were 27.95 and 40.03 hours, respectively. The LT values were 1.22, 1.43 and 2.14 times higher for 0.005% concentration as compared to its double concentration i.e., 0.01% at LT30, LT50 and LT90 levels, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. EFFECTIVENESS OF FAIR PAY AND WORKING HOURS FOR EMPLOYEES WORKING REMOTELY.
- Author
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Bajaj, Rachita
- Subjects
WORKING hours ,BUSINESS success ,TELECOMMUTING ,LABOR productivity ,WAGE decreases - Abstract
The study is aimed at identifying the effectiveness of fair pay and working hours for employees working remotely. The people who are working from home are not getting full pay, as employers are cutting their wages. The research paper uses the primary data collection method and involved human participants to gather the data. Findings indicated that fair pay and working hours play a significant role in motivating workers and boost their productivity as well. The study has applied the random sampling method and 25 managers of manufacturing companies in Bihar participated in this research. Fair pay may make them loyal and they may remain in the business for a longer duration. Fair pay to employees always acts as a tool for the employers through which companies can make their workers positive and can ensure their positive contribution in the success of the business unit. Employees have to work lengthy working hours in remote working, and if they do not receive pay accordingly they may become negative. This may create trouble for the businesses to maintain productivity of employees. Hence, the firms need to ensure timely payment of wages, as per the contribution of the person to the success of the firm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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