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Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health concern. Although the incidence of TB in China is declining, the country continues to face many challenges regarding TB control. This study aimed to develop an active case finding (ACF) strategy for high-risk populations in areas with high TB burden and evaluate the effectiveness of the ACF strategy for early TB detection in patients to reduce TB transmission. This was a descriptive study. From May to October 2019, active TB screening was conducted in Zhejiang Province, China. Overall, 24 high-burden townships were chosen as study sites. Residents aged ≥65 years, suffering from diabetes, diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, or with a history of TB were mobilized for screening. Chest radiography was performed for all participants in the community. Sputum specimens were collected for sputum smear tests and cultures at county-level TB-designed hospitals. A professional medical team performed the final diagnoses. Overall, 130,643 residents were included, accounting for 8.85% of the total population in the selected areas. After screening, 89 confirmed cases and 419 suspected cases were identified. The detection rates for suspected and confirmed cases were 320.72/100,000 and 68.12/100,000, respectively. Individuals with a history of TB accounted for a large proportion of detected cases, and the detection rate was higher among males than in females. This study identified 10.5% of reported cases in the selected areas in 2019. In Zhejiang province, compared with the previous year, the rates of TB notification in 2019 and 2020 declined by 7.0% and 7.4%, respectively, compared with the previous year. However, the TB notification rate in 2019 was almost the same as that in 2018 (a decline of 2.5%) but sharply declined in 2020 (14.4%) in the screened areas. Our findings suggest that the ACF strategy may have helped to maintain the downward trends in TB notification rates by detecting patients with TB and suspected cases in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China-Kazakhstan pipeline is the first land import transnational crude oil pipeline in China. It is also the only long-distance crude oil channel connecting the resources in the west of Kazakhstan and the two refineries in the east of Kazakhstan and exports to China. It undertakes the dual responsibilities of crude oil supply of the two refineries in the east of Kazakhstan and the crude oil guarantee of refineries in Western China. At present, the annual throughput of China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline accounts for about 20% of China's onshore crude oil imports. Therefore, the pipeline's safe, stable and efficient operation plays an important role in ensuring the strategic security of energy in Western China. Since the China- Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline has commissioned, it has been found that there is slack flow in the pipeline under different working conditions, which has a great impact on the safe and stable operation of the pipeline and the measurement accuracy of commercial trade. In this paper, the causes of slack flow in China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline are studied, the potential location of slack flow is analyzed, and the boundary conditions of slack flow condition are defined. At the same time, control strategies to avoid slack flow under different conditions are formulated by using simulation technology. The research results will provide direct technical case support for reasonable formulation of operation scheme of China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline system and terminal station inlet pressure control strategy, so as to ensure safe, stable and efficient operation of the pipeline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]