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Copyright of Kadim is the property of Kadim and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to present a version of the poem Edirne by Maʿrūf ar-Ruṣāfī preserved in the Conti Rossini Archive at the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and to compare it with the copies in the collections of Muṣṭafā aṣ-Ṣaqqā, Muṣṭafā ʿAlī and Muṣṭafā al-Ġalāyīnī. The poem was composed on the occasion of the siege and capture of Edirne (formerly known as Adrianople) by the Bulgarian Army (1912-1913) and its themes are war, occupation and ḥamāsah (lit. "valour"). The qaṣīdah in the Conti Rossini Archive, found inside an envelope with other material from Tripolitania, bears in Italian the title "Per la caduta di Adrianopoli" ("For the Fall of Adrianople") and was most likely copied by Conti Rossini himself. The poem is composed of thirtyseven lines, each of which is divided into two hemistichs; the first verse consists of two lines, while the following seven verses consist of five lines each. The present work will focus on the literary aspects of the poem, providing a translation of the text and a description of its salient features, function and meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decorative wall paintings created in the Ottoman era are called kalem işi, and they are generally created using various pigments and binding media on dry rendering, or via lime-paint technique. However, detection of some decorative wall paintings that were applied on wet plaster in Süleyman Pasha Mosque located in Edirne, Turkey, has led to a more detailed analytical examination. Our study aims to research the techniques used on some painting fragments which were found while removing cement renderings during the restoration of the Mosque. The fragments were revealed in 2019 and were taken under protection as these were stylistically different from the existing paintings of the Mosque. The original location of the fragments on the wall could not be located and in situ conservation is not possible, but research continues. Initially, traces of preparatory drawing, which is thought to be the incising technique, were found on the paintings drawn on the rendering fragments. Then, SEM-EDX, FTIR spectroscopy, confocal Raman spectroscopy, and PED-XRF analyses were carried out along with examinations by optical microscopy. Following these results, experimental reconstructions of the paintings were made on test materials and a story about the painting techniques was revealed, indicating that these paintings were drawn on wet rendering (fresco). Therefore, it is considered that there may be different wall painting techniques in Ottoman architecture and that research in this direction should be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern digital agricultural applications, automatic identification and diagnosis of plant diseases using artificial intelligence is becoming popular and widespread. Deep learning is a promising tool in pattern recognition and machine learning and it can be used to identify and classify diseases in paddy rice. In this study, 2 different paddy rice diseases, including rice blast and brown spot, were investigated in the district of İpsala in the province of Edirne between the 2020 and 2021 production seasons by collecting 1569 images. These diseases are very common and important in Edirne province and surrounding rice production areas. Therefore, practical methods are needed to identify and classify these two diseases. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was created by applying pre-processing techniques such as rescaling, rotation, and data augmentation to the paddy rice disease images. The classification model was created in Google Colab, which is a web-based Python editor using Tensorflow and Keras libraries. The CNN model was able to classify rice blast and brown spot diseases with high accuracy of 91.70%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences is the property of Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cult of Saint George, which evolved in the Christian era over an almost 2000 years old tumulus in Edirne, historically known as Adrianople, turned with the Ottoman sovereignty into another cult, which took shape around the Khizr-Elijah belief. This hillock was named the Maqam of Khizr/Hıdırlık due to the belief that Khizr appeared and worshipped on top of it, which later witnessed various miracles with associated motifs. In course of time there emerged many and varied fantastic rumors about the origins of the cult. The rumors circulating from person to person and the historical sources indicate that the intense construction activity of the Ottomans at the Hıdırlık cult centre realized especially in the first part of the 15th century. It is clear that the cult centre, which kept growing in the 16th century, contained various dervish lodges, many mausoleums, annexes and a dense population of Bektashi dervishes. The sources of the period reveal that the Hıdırlık cult centre incurred two subsequent demolition attempts in the 17th century. First demolition occurred following a complaint about the sins committed here in 1642 in the period of Sultan Ibrahim I and the second in 1660s in the period of Sultan Mehmet IV after the decision of a new pavilion construction on top of this spacious and partially idle hillock. On the first and obviously partial demolition, most of the inhabitant dervishes left Hıdırlık and the cult centre lost its old density. On the second demolition, the standing mausoleums and graves were razed and a pavilion with a large garden was built instead, which subsisted until the 19th century. After the construction of the pavilion in Hıdırlık there were only one dervish lodge and two mausoleums left standing. As the construction of the pavilion put the cult centre under state supervision, the last standing dervish lodge in the centre was also demolished in the first half of the 18th century. At the end of the 19th century after the construction of one of the biggest bastions to defense Edirne there was no trace left of the cult centre besides the Hıdır Dede Mausoleum, which was also destroyed in Balkan Wars by the Greek inhabitants of Edirne, causing only the grave of the Hızır Dede to reach to the present day. The destruction of the cult centre was related to the Kadızâdeliler movement, which was utterly against the sufistic approaches and had from the first half of the 17th century onwards many fans in the palace and administrative circles. The Kadızâdeliler movement was a religious movement which requested the demolition of the dervish lodges and the prohibition of grave and mausoleum visits, which led to the destruction of various lodges and mausoleums indeed. One of the fundamental issues, which became a conflict between The Kadızâdeliler movement and the sufis was the nature of Khizr. Whereas the Kadızâdeliler supported the idea that Khizr was dead, sufis believed he was alive. Hıdırlık, which came into existence around the cult of Khizr, was a settlement which was totally against the ideas of the Kadızâdeliler both theorically in terms of the belief that Khizr is not dead and also practically in terms of dervish lodge rituals and mausoleum visits. The reason of the demolition attempts occurred in Hıdırlık in the 17th century and led in time to the utter destruction of the cult centre, was obviously the preaches and pressures of the Kadızâdeliler. This paper aims a historical analysis about the embodiment of Hıdırlık as one of the four holy places in Edirne, where it is believed that the prayers are answered and the gradual annihilation of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to define the factors that affect users' movement preferences and propose a method to identify the movement patterns in urban space. The proposed method was tested on Edirne-Kaleiçi, which was chosen as the study area. Edirne proves to be an appropriate case given that the spatial construct of the city bears the characteristics and the political-ideological, social, and economic impacts from different periods throughout history. Thus, the effects of socio-economic factors can be observed when movement preferences are identified. In this context, available literature and different perspectives on "movement" were examined, and the components that affect movement were revealed. As a result of the model constructed with "Natural Movement" (based on Space Syntax Analysis Method), "Directed Movement" (based on Urban Network Analysis Method) and other additional components, movement patterns in the urban fabric were determined. Although the choice, integration, and intensity values are high for users according to the physical construct of streets in Kaleiçi, the movement remains in a very limited area due to the socio-economic structure and one type of intensive land-use type (retail). In addition, as a result of the correlations made with the observation data (pedestrian-vehicle counts, land market values), the consistency of the model was tested, and a positive/high-level relationship was determined. This method approach will contribute to the literature because it will help integrate many different attributes under the concept of "movement" and make them questionable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 222Rn survey and analysis for dwellings in Edirne (Türkiye) were performed to secure the radiological safety of persons and to provide information on the reduction of 222Rn exposure. Measurements of the 222Rn activity concentration, together with meteorological conditions were carried out using an AlphaGuard 2000 Pro monitor. Excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCRs) and annual effective dose rates (AEDs) were estimated to indicate associated human health risks. The mean indoor radon concentration was within the reference value of 200–300 Bq m−3 as suggested by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and World Health Organization (WHO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine the relationship between high school students' reading habits and their smartphone addiction level. The sample consisted of 512 high school students studying in various private schools located in Turkish cities of Istanbul and Edirne. High school students were included in the study using the convenience sampling method. The study was conducted by using the correlational model of quantitative research methods such as descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way variance analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient techniques. High school students' smartphone addiction level was found to be moderate, with 8.81 books being read by students over a year. When reading books, students were found to have quitted the reading practice 2.96 times on average. The analysis of the results showed that girls were more likely than boys to tend towards smartphone addiction. As far as the reading habits are concerned, the students who reported poor reading habits or did not read any book during the week, and the ones who expressed a distraction each time reading a book reported higher smartphone addiction levels. A significant positive relationship was found between smartphone addiction and the number of distractions while reading. Consequently, a significant negative relationship was found between the high school students' smartphone addiction level and their reading behaviours, and some recommendations were offered for practitioners and future researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trakya University, Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty E-Journal / Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-dergi is the property of T.C. Trakya Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinaria is the property of University of Sarajevo, Veterinary Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the main chemical composition, the total phenolic content (TPC), the total flavonoid content (TFC), the total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (TAA) of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) fruit growing wild in Edirne province were determined. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds composition was investigated by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and the mineral composition was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In addition, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of temperature (20–40 °C), time (2–6 min) and amplitude (20–60%) on TPC, TFC, TAC, and TAA of blackthorn during ultrasound-assisted extraction. Response surface methodology using central composite design was used to determine the optimum conditions in ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds in blackthorn. The optimum extraction conditions were obtained with temperature 40 °C, time 3.592 min, and amplitude of 33.189%. TPC, TFC, TAC, and TAA of blackthorn were found as 3203.31 ± 4.63 mg GAE kg−1 FW, 727.41 ± 4.63 CE kg−1 FW, 135.09 ± 0.33 mg cy-3-glu kg−1 FW, and 19.65 ± 0.06 mmol TE kg−1 FW, respectively, which were consistent with predicted values. The ultrasound-assisted extraction can be considered as an efficient green and practical technique for the recovery of bioactive compounds in blackthorn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Institute / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Bingol University / Rectorate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Letters / Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Trakya University, Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trakya University Journal of Social Science is the property of Trakya University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies is the property of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Social Sciences is the property of SDU Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trakya University Journal of Social Science is the property of Trakya University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article offers a micro-level examination of the firework makers in the 1675 imperial festival which took place in Edirne during the reign of Mehmed IV (r. 1648–1687). It presents a critical approach to the festival, focusing on the firework displays. This study examines overlooked dimensions of the firework displays, such as daily wages and food provisions of the firework makers, their accommodations, and inventories of the materials they used to engineer firework devices. Using eyewitness accounts, festival books, and archvial sources, it reveals previously unexamined aspects of Ottoman pyrotechnics and firework making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences is the property of Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences (TUJNS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)