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This document is a book review of "Juristische Glossierungstechniken als Mittel rechtswissenschaftlicher Rationalisierungen, Erfahrungen aus dem europäischen Mittelalter – vor und neben den großen 'Glossae ordinariae'" edited by S. Lepsius. The book contains papers presented at a conference in Munich in 2017, discussing the editing of glosses to the Liber Augustalis. The papers cover various aspects of gloss production in the late Middle Ages, including editing commentaries and the relationship between main texts and glosses. The review recommends specific articles as informative introductions to the study of medieval glosses and commentaries. Overall, the book provides valuable insights for those interested in editing and studying glosses in medieval law texts. [Extracted from the article]

This paper is in two parts: 'There', which is a review of some of the major advances in the study of spindle structure and function during the past 50 years, serving as an introduction to the symposium entitled 'Mechanotransduction, Muscle Spindles and Proprioception' held in Munich in July 2022; and 'And Back Again', presenting new quantitative morphological results on the equatorial nuclei of intrafusal muscle fibres and of the primary sensory ending in relationship to passive stretch of the spindle. What is the topic of this paper?This paper concerns the relationship between structure and function of the mammalian muscle spindle, its intrafusal muscle fibres and their sensory and motor innervation.What advances does it highlight?The paper summarizes the development of knowledge of the number of types of intrafusal muscle fibres and the pattern and functional significance of their fusimotor innervation. New observations are presented on the quantitative functional morphology of equatorial nuclei and primary sensory endings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper develops a theoretic equilibrium model for ridesplitting markets with specific considerations of origin-destination demand patterns, competition with other transport modes, characteristics of en route matching, and spatial allocation of ridesplitting vehicles, to adequately portray the intertwined relationships between the endogenous variables and decisions. The operation property of the market under distance-based unified pricing is analyzed through the response of system performance indicators to the decisions. Moreover, a gradient descent algorithm is derived to find optimal operating strategies in the monopoly scenario and social optimum scenario. Leveraging the tight connection between trip's utility and level of service (LoS), the paper then proposes a utility-based compensation pricing method to alleviate the inequity issue in ridesplitting, which results from the variance in waiting time and detour time and the implementation of unified pricing. Specifically, the trip fare of those with an initial utility smaller than a threshold will be compensated following a predefined compensation function. We compare its effectiveness and influence in different scenarios through numerical experiments at Munich. The results show that the proposed pricing method can improve the LoS and equity without losing any profit and welfare, and can even achieve increments in maximum profit and social welfare under certain conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This is the first article to apply a machine learning approach to the analysis of time on market on real estate markets. Design/methodology/approach: The random survival forest approach is introduced to the real estate market. The most important predictors of time on market are revealed and it is analyzed how the survival probability of residential rental apartments responds to these major characteristics. Findings: Results show that price, living area, construction year, year of listing and the distances to the next hairdresser, bakery and city center have the greatest impact on the marketing time of residential apartments. The time on market for an apartment in Munich is lowest at a price of 750 € per month, an area of 60 m2, built in 1985 and is in a range of 200–400 meters from the important amenities. Practical implications: The findings might be interesting for private and institutional investors to derive real estate investment decisions and implications for portfolio management strategies and ultimately to minimize cash-flow failure. Originality/value: Although machine learning algorithms have been applied frequently on the real estate market for the analysis of prices, its application for examining time on market is completely novel. This is the first paper to apply a machine learning approach to survival analysis on the real estate market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yogurt is a diverse dairy product category. It is available in different packaging designs made of different materials. To identify potential for improvement for these packagings, a better understanding about used materials and packaging efficiencies is necessary. For this study, 150 dairy products and some yogurt relevant desserts were bought from various supermarkets, street markets and discounters in the Munich region (Germany) in spring 2022. Commercial types of packaging are cups, buckets, pouches, bottles, glass packagings and bricks. The filling ratio of most packagings is above 70%, the rest of the volume is headspace. Poly(1-methylethylene) (PP) and poly(1-phenylethene) (PS) dominate as main materials for the different types of packaging. For bottle packagings, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyethene high-density (PE-HD) are used. Interestingly, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is not found. Closures (caps) are responsible for 5 to 30% of the total packaging weight. Typical filling efficiencies are 20 to 40 g food product packaged in one gram of packaging material. For glass packagings, the values are 1.5 to 2 g food product packaged in one gram of packaging material. Therefore, plastic packaging results in an at least ten-times lower packaging use per unit of food, at single use packagings. With increasing product weights, we observe a tendency towards higher packaging efficiencies. By using paper/carton wrapping at cups, plastic use is reduced for the whole packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sun's total radiation alone exceeds the world population's entire energy consumption by 7.500 times and ignites secondary renewable energy sources. The end energy consumption buildings use for heating amounts to 28% of Germany's total energy consumption. With the ongoing trend of digitalization and the transition of the German energy supply away from fossil fuels and the consequent political dependency, electric heat pumps and photovoltaic (PV) systems have become increasingly important to the discussion. This has led to an increasing demand for smart control strategies, especially for inert systems such as thermally activated building systems (TABS). This paper presents and analyses a weather predictive control (WPC) strategy using a validated thermodynamic simulation model. The literature review of this paper outlines that the current common control strategies are data intense and complex in their implementation into the built environment. The simple approach of the WPC uses future ambient temperature and solar radiation to optimize the control of the heating, cooling, ventilation, and sun protection system. The thermal comfort and energy demand evaluate the concept. We show that with a WPC for TABS, thermal comfort can improve without increasing the energy demand for the office building in the moderate climate of Munich. Furthermore, this paper concludes that the WPC works more effectively with more thermal mass. This simplified building control strategy promotes the European roadmap goal of climate neutrality in 2050, as it bridges the phenomenon of the performance gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's first sub-metre stereo satellite, GaoFen-7, was launched on 7 November 2019. One of the main criteria for a stereo mapping satellite is the geometric accuracy of the images. In this paper, we present a systematic evaluation of the geometry accuracy of Gaofen-7 on two scenes over the centre of Munich, Germany. The geometry accuracy is evaluated in a three-step workflow: 1) direct georeferencing accuracy; 2) image orientation using bundle adjustment with ground control points; 3) height accuracy of the generated digital surface model (DSM). In addition to dense LiDAR point clouds, ground control points were measured in the field. These were used as references. The results show that RPC bundle adjustment with 0 order bias correction is sufficient to achieve sub-metre absolute accuracy. The height accuracy of the generated digital surface models varies with land cover type, ranging from 0.9m (NMAD) in open areas to 4.5m in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Antoine Canat is first author on ‘DAXX safeguards heterochromatin formation in embryonic stem cells’, published in JCS. Antoine conducted the research described in this article while a PhD student in Emmanuelle Fabre’s lab at Insitut de Recherche St Louis, Université de Paris, France. He is now a postdoc in the lab of Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla at the Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany, investigating nuclear organization and chromatin regulation during totipotency and pluripotency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport demand models were initially designed for simulating car trips. Nowadays researchers and planners are considering pedestrian travel and its health and safety impacts in the regional transport models. However, the existing transport models lack the knowledge and experience in pedestrian modeling for health assessment. This paper contributes to the modeling practice by developing an integrated model called the MITO/MoPeD. The model builds upon previous model development and integrates the fine-grained pedestrian modeling tool into the agent-based transport model. The MITO/MoPeD model is applied to the Munich metropolitan area. Model performances are analyzed based on travel measures (e.g., walk share, trip length distribution, and pedestrian flow) and physical activity volumes. Results show that the MITO/MoPeD model can better represent pedestrian travel behavior than the existing Munich Model. It performed better in simulating the spatial distribution of walk shares and the distribution of walk trip lengths. Moreover, it overcomes the issue of overestimating physical activity volumes. These findings suggest that the MITO/MoPeD model can deliver more precise travel outcomes. More importantly, it is valuable for addressing pedestrian planning issues such as transportation infrastructure investments, land use planning, assessment of safety and health outcomes, and evaluation of environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International terrestrial reference frame (ITRF) input data, generated by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), and Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning integrated by satellite (DORIS) combination centers (CCs), are considered to be relatively high-quality and accurate solutions. Every few years, these input data are submitted to the three ITRS combination centers, namely Institut Géographique National (IGN), Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut at the Technische Universität München (DGFI-TUM), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), to establish a multi-technique combined terrestrial reference frame (TRF). Generally, these solutions have undergone three rounds of outlier removal: the first at the technique analysis centers during solution generations and the second during the technique-specific combination by the CCs; ITRS CCs then perform a third round of outlier removal and preprocessing during the multi-technique combination of TRFs. However, since the primary objective of CCs is to release the final TRF product, they do not emphasize the publication of analytical preprocessing results, such as the outlier rejection rate. In this paper, our specific focus is on assessing the precision improvement of ITRF input data from 2014 to 2020, which includes evaluating the accuracy of coordinates, the datum accuracy, and the precision of the polar motions, for all four techniques. To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, we independently propose a TRF stacking approach to establish single technical reference frameworks, using software developed by us that is different from the ITRF generation. As a result, roughly 0.5% or less of the SLR observations are identified as outliers, while the ratio of DORIS, GNSS, and VLBI observations are below 1%, around 2%, and ranging from 1% to 1.2%, respectively. It is shown that the consistency between the SLR scale and ITRF has improved, increasing from around −5 mm in ITRF2014 datasets to approximately −1 mm in ITRF2020 datasets. The scale velocity derived from fitting the VLBI scale parameter series with all epochs in ITRF2020 datasets differs by approximately 0.21 mm/year from the velocity obtained by fitting the data up to 2013.75 because of the scale drift of VLBI around 2013. The decreasing standard deviations of the polar motion parameter (XPO, YPO) offsets between Stacking TRFs and 14C04 (20C04) indicate an improvement in the precision of polar motion observations for all four techniques. From the perspective of the weighted root mean square (WRMS) in station coordinates, since the inception of the technique, the station coordinate WRMS of DORIS decreased from 30 mm to 5 mm for X and Y components, and 25 mm to 5 mm for the Z component; SLR WRMS decreased from 20 mm to better than 10 mm (X, Y and Z); GNSS WRMS decreased from 4 mm to 1.5 mm (X and Y) and 5 mm to 2 mm (Z); while VLBI showed no significant change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently arbitrary, inconsistent and non-evidence-based age cutoffs are used in the literature to classify pediatric emergencies. None of these classifications have valid medical rationale. This leads to confusion and poor comparability of the different study results. To clarify this problem, this paper presents a systematic review of the commonly used age limits from 115 relevant articles. In the literature search 6226 articles were screened. To be included, the articles had to address the following three topics: "health services research in emergency medicine", "pediatrics" and "age as a differentiator". Physiologic and anatomic principles with reference to emergency medicine were used to solve the problem to create a medically based age classification for the first time. The Munich Age Classification System (MACS) presented in this paper is thus consistent with previous literature and is based on medical evidence. In the future, MAC should lead to ensure that a uniform classification is used. This will allow a better comparability of study results and enable meta-analyses across studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of digitisation will cause a major upheaval in the manufacturing industries, bringing changes to traditional industrial location patterns as well. In order to understand the direction these structural changes are taking, this paper analyses the start-up activity in the industrial sector. The frontrunners are metropolitan regions and in particular major cities such as Berlin or Munich. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the city of Berlin shows higher and stable concentrations of new industrial companies in inner city locations. This spatial pattern requires the proactive application of legal planning instruments for mixed land use, which contributes to the integration of hybrid spaces and clean and green factories in the inner city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Railway bridges are subjected to significant dynamic loads. A numerical model of the bridge structure that captures its dynamic characteristics as accurately as possible is essential for the simulation of train crossings. However, most existing Calculation Models either do not consider the dynamic interaction between the structure and the soil, known as the soil–structure interaction (SSI), or give it only secondary importance. As a result, the accuracy of the predicted dynamic characteristics is affected. This paper illustrates how the dynamic interactions of abutments impact the portal frame bridge's SSI. This influence prompts the question of incorporating the frequency-dependent influence of the structure–soil–structure interaction (SSSI) into the modelling process. We propose a conservative estimation of the frequency range influenced by the shear wave interference of the SSSI and recommend using it as an application limit in the development of computational models. Based on this estimation, a Calculation Model is presented. In this approach, the SSI is considered using the well-known quasi-static spring–damper method from foundation vibration analysis, adhering to limitations based on the SSSI. For the application of the presented Calculation Model, four concrete portal frame bridges with spans between 9 m and 17 m along the high-speed line from Nuremberg to Munich, Germany, are investigated by analyzing the dynamic characteristics and comparing them with the prediction of the proposed numerical Calculation Model. The presented method shows good calculation accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, vehicle emissions have become one of the important pollutant sources of the urban atmosphere. Scholars and decision-makers are constantly expected to accurately grasp the dispersion of vehicle pollutants to formulate a series of policies and strategies which can facilitate a friendly and sustainable urban environment, such as controlling the total number of vehicles, requiring higher emission standards, promoting new energy vehicles, improving public transit service, and optimizing non-motorized transportation systems. This paper provides a review of the mechanism research methods and mathematical modeling approaches for urban vehicle pollutant dispersion. The mechanism research methods reviewed include field measurements, wind tunnel experiments, and numerical simulations. The modeling approaches involve two kinds of popular models: Box models (STREET, CPBM, AURORA, PBM) and Gaussian models (CALINE, HIWAY, OSPM, CALPUFF, R-LINE, ADMS series, EPISODE, CityChem, SIRANE, MUNICH). Moreover, this paper clarifies the basic assumption, fundamental principle, related research, applicable conditions, and limitations of these mechanism research methods and modeling approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban dynamics modelling using system dynamic (SD) approaches aims to provide an understanding of the major internal forces within an urban area, such as population development. SD models provide valuable information for decision and policy making. Urban systems are strongly related to the urban space, which is well described by geospatial data. Therefore, the connection of SD and geospatial data is advantageous, both for feeding spatial information into SD models and for further spatial analyses and for visualizing the results of SD in geographic context. This paper describes a new approach to combine an SD model with a semantic 3D city model. Our approach shows that a bidirectional data exchange between semantic city models and SD models improves the predictions generated by the SD models. Furthermore, we show that automatic modification of the semantic city model by the output of the SD model allows for 3D visualization and further analysis of future scenarios.Since semantic 3D city models and SD models have complex data structures, and since the models have evolved in very different domains, integrating the models is a complex task. In order to facilitate the integration process, we developed a conceptual model, which describes the data structures of the semantic city model and of the SD model as well as the bidirectional relations between the models using the concept of model weaving. The approach was tested using the SD tool Vensim and a CityGML data set from the city of Munich for an urban densification use case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A city is a complex system and involves many stakeholders with different interests and information about the physical city objects. Information integration from distributed sources is therefore a common challenge in many Smart City projects, as well as in projects for setting up Urban Digital Twins (UDT). In the context of distributed data infrastructures, catalog systems provide a significant contribution to solving the data integration challenge. However, neither existing catalogs for managing urban data nor catalogs used in Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) are tailored for managing UDTs. In response to this gap, our research focuses on the development of an extended catalog service including a metadata model specifically designed to manage distributed UDTs. The requirements for the metadata model and the functionality of the catalog were obtained from several smart city projects. As a proof of concept, the paper shows how the catalog implemented on the basis of the CKAN software package is used for managing the UDT of an urban redevelopment project in the city of Munich, Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Germany, construction, and demolition waste accounts for more than half of the waste generated, which means that valuable raw materials are lost for high‐quality recycling. But there is a solution: switching to a closed material cycle in which discarded products are reprocessed so that they can be used to manufacture the original or at least an equivalent product. A pilot project near Munich in Germany is demonstrating how discarded Xella products can be recycled into new products of equal value—with pioneering results. An old industrial hall made of prefabricated Hebel AAC‐wall elements was demolished, the material collected and processed into AAC powder, which was subjected to the production of new AAC. In the meantime, a new hall made of AAC has been built on the same site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analysed the real-time coverage of the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre by the three main Israeli newspapers at the time: Yediot Ahronot, Maariv and Haaretz. It found that while there were noticeable differences in the coverage of the event by the three papers, all of them framed the massacre as integral part of the black-and-white confrontation between Israel and Arab terrorism. Paradoxically, this 'us' vs. 'them' dichotomy seems to have played into the perpetrators' hands by casting them as part of a formidable global terrorist network rather than a small fringe group, on the one hand, and as a significant factor affecting the possible evolution of Arab-Israeli peace negotiations, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the growth of the Olympic Games against that of former host cities to understand whether this mega-event may have 'outgrown' its hosts. The increasing hosting requirements and governments' expansive use of mega-events as tools for urban development would suggest that the 'Olympic city' – a term we use for describing the size of the Olympics as hosted in different cities over the decades – has grown at a faster rate than former host cities. The analysis contrasts historical indicators that capture the evolving size of planning for the event based on four dimensions – sport, spectators, marketing and costs – as well as the urban dimension of hosting experiences (venues and infrastructure) with city trajectories based on demographic and economic indicators. This is done through a longitudinal analysis of former Olympic host cities from the 1960s and 1970s and from which continuous longitudinal data are available: Tokyo, Munich, and Montreal. The findings indicate that the Olympic city has grown more strongly than these former host cities, although not uniformly across trajectories. This gives evidence for the need to review the size of mega-event impacts if they ought to continue to generate interest in hosting them in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cycling rates have grown consistently over recent years in cities across the globe. Nevertheless, the lack of policies to promote cycling results in dissatisfaction among cyclists in many cities. In response to this situation, local grassroots initiatives have emerged to pursue more ambitious cycling policies in German cities. However, there is limited knowledge of how grassroots movements influence the cycling policy agenda. Against this background, our article explores the relevance of the grassroots movement "Radentscheid" in four major German cities (Berlin, Frankfurt, Munich, and Hamburg) regarding institutionalizing cycling policymaking. By combining exploratory document analysis, expert interviews, and an analysis of secondary data, we show that the development of cycling over the last two decades in these cities follows three stages: (i) Commitment, when cycling is put on the political agenda; (ii) Imbalanced growth, characterized by a strong increase in cycling but little progress in cycling policies and a decrease in cycling satisfaction; and (iii) Institutional adaptation, when cycling becomes a key issue for local governments due to the pressure from the grassroots movement "Radentscheid". This paper closes with a discussion of the main results and policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic put academic institutions around the world in the difficult position of suddenly having to organize many lectures and examinations over online channels only, due to students' physical access to their campus buildings being restricted. While the search for possible solutions to this problem was often challenging, this situation also offered the unique opportunity to establish remote examination options, that might hold the potential to be continued even after the pandemic has hopefully ended. This report looks at how the Munich University of Applied Sciences (MUAS), one of the biggest universities of applied sciences in Germany, established its own solution for remote examination over the Internet. This report provides an overview of how MUAS developed its on-site competence- and application-oriented digital examination tool to work remotely during the pandemic, its general framework and experiences that were made during its inception. Included are descriptions of the technical setting of the solution, as well as some challenges that were had when implementing it and how those were resolved. As part of this research it was concluded, that support and administrative work for this kind of remote examination was much more intensive than for on-site digital examinations, but also lessened each subsequent semester. A well-organized support system makes it possible to offer remote digital examinations with good conditions regarding, for example, student equal opportunities and secure examination environments, although even now perfect conditions cannot be guaranteed. While not without its own deficiencies, MUAS new established system was lauded by many Bavarian educational facilities and is in the process of being deployed to other Bavarian universities. This paper serves to highlight a qualitative example of how e-learning approaches can be of use in the context of higher education examinations and hopefully provide ideas for others trying to establish their own similar solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Projects First tunnel boring machine goes into action at Brenner "Sill Gorge‐Pfons" / Andrehen der ersten Tunnelbohrmaschine am Brenner‐Baulos Sillschlucht‐Pfons Deutsche Bahn starts tunnelling for Wendlingen "big bend" / Deutsche Bahn startet Vortrieb für Große Wendlinger Kurve Renaturalisation of Lake Uri using tunnel spoil / Renaturierung des Urnersees mit Tunnelausbruchmaterial Contract awarded for H53 "Pfons‐Brenner" / Zuschlag für Baulos H53 Pfons‐Brenner erteilt Companies New estimate for total cost of the Brenner Base Tunnel / Neue Schätzung der Gesamtkosten für den Brenner Basistunnel Events 2nd European short course "Grouting Fundamentals & Current Practice" in Munich / Zweiter europäischer Short course "Grouting Fundamentals & Current Practice" in München Call for papers – Topics for the next issues of Geomechanics and Tunnelling / Themen für die nächsten Ausgaben der „Geomechanics and Tunnelling" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: We report on the occurrence of parasitic quill mites of the family Syringophilidae on the well-known avian group birds-of-paradise. Our investigation resulted in the discovery of two new species of mites belonging to the subfamily Picobiinae, which has never before been recorded on birds-of-paradise. We hypothesise that the interspecific sexual behaviour of paradisaeids, which involves copulation with non-closely related host species, may have facilitated the spread of syringophilid mites between different and unrelated host species. These findings highlight the potential role of sexual behaviour in the distribution and transmission of parasitic quill mites among avian hosts. While birds-of-paradise (Passeriformes: Paradisaeidae) are a well-known group of birds, our understanding of their parasites is still limited. This study reports on parasitic quill mites of the subfamily Picobiinae (Acariformes: Syringophilidae), which have never before been recorded on this group of birds. The mite specimens presented in this paper were collected from birds-of-paradise that had been captured in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia in the years 1910–1911 and are now deposited in the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany. Two syringophilid species are described as new to science: (i) Picobia frankei sp. n. from the magnificent riflebird Lophorina magnifica, the glossy-mantled manucode Manucodia ater, and the crinkle-collared manucode Manucodia chalybatus, and (ii) Gunabopicobia garylarsoni sp. n. from the twelve-wired bird-of-paradise Seleucidis melanoleucus and the lesser bird-of-paradise Paradisaea minor. We hypothesise that the presence of both picobiine species on phylogenetically unrelated paradisaeids may be caused by the sexual behaviour of these birds, where interspecific copulations may play a role in the switching of parasites between non-closely related host species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become an essential part of maritime navigation, in particular to improve situational awareness and vessel traffic management. The dependence on GNSS creates vulnerability for maritime shipping. Driven by this vulnerability, the desire for a backup system for maritime navigation has been emerging. The VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) standard provides communication capabilities for maritime applications. VDES is currently being revised. As part of this revision, VDES will be extended by ranging and navigation functionalities, called R‐Mode, as an alternative for maritime navigation. In this paper, we address system design aspects and evaluate the positioning performance of VDES R‐Mode. We derive estimation theory bounds on the accuracy of VDES R‐Mode distance and velocity. In a case study, we discuss and evaluate the benefit of satellite links to complement VDES R‐Mode positioning. Furthermore, we introduce a Kalman filter for position and velocity tracking, which we apply to experimental data. We describe an experiment we conducted at Lake Ammer, southwest of Munich, and evaluate the VDES R‐Mode positioning performance for this setup. Our experimental results show that VDES R‐Mode is capable of achieving a 95th‐percentile horizontal position error of 22 m. Thus, VDES R‐Mode is a promising approach for a maritime backup system that can meet the IALA accuracy requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Medieval and Renaissance Music Conference (MedRen) recently took place in Munich, Germany, for the first time in 20 years. The conference, held at the Munich Residenz, celebrated the 500th anniversary of the Munich Court Chapel and attracted around 450 delegates. In addition to panels and themed sessions, attendees had access to an exhibition of famous music manuscripts at the Bavarian State Library. The conference also featured evening concerts, a conference dinner, and discussions on topics such as non-European music, digital humanities, and cataloging musical sources. The next MedRen conference will be held in Granada, Spain in 2024. [Extracted from the article]

In this initial study of a research project, this paper seeks to understand the thermal conditions in the cities of Lisbon and Munich, specifically focusing on Urban Heat Island intensity and on thermal comfort using the Universal Thermal Climate Index modeling data at the Local Climate Zone scale. Based on these datasets, Munich has exhibited more unfavourable thermal conditions than Lisbon. In terms of UHII, both cities have shown that low, medium, and high rise compact urban areas and bare rock or paved areas have the highest values, while sparsely built areas have the lowest. These results differ from the UTCI, which indicates that in Lisbon and Munich, these sparsely built areas as well as areas with low plants and vegetation are the most uncomfortable. In Munich, the population was exposed to very strong heat stress, while Lisbon experienced strong heat stress conditions. Conversely, low, medium, and high rise compact urban areas and densely wooded areas in Munich, and scattered trees areas and large low-rise urban areas in Lisbon, have demonstrated the lowest monthly mean and average maximum values. These results will be further explored in future studies in the city of Lisbon and cross-checked with data obtained from roving missions. This will enable a more detailed temporal and local analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperpolarization techniques significantly enhance the sensitivity of magnetic resonance (MR) and thus present fascinating new directions for research and applications with in vivo MR imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S). Hyperpolarized 13C MRI/S, in particular, enables real-time non-invasive assessment of metabolic processes and holds great promise for a diverse range of clinical applications spanning fields like oncology, neurology, and cardiology, with a potential for improving early diagnosis of disease, patient stratification, and therapy response assessment. Despite its potential, technical challenges remain for achieving clinical translation. This paper provides an overview of the discussions that took place at the international workshop "New Horizons in Hyperpolarized 13C MRI," in March 2023 at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Munich, Germany. The workshop covered new developments, as well as future directions, in topics including polarization techniques (particularly focusing on parahydrogen-based methods), novel probes, considerations related to data acquisition and analysis, and emerging clinical applications in oncology and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moritz Geiger's 1911 article on the consciousness of feeling, entitled "Das Bewusstsein von Gefühlen," was an object of study for Husserl in a series of manuscripts recently published in Studien zur Struktur des Bewusstseins II. Gefühl und Wert (1896-1925)(2020). Geiger's article and Husserl's remarks on it received attention from Métraux (1975), but, more recently, an increasing number of publications have been devoted to the topic (Averchi, 2015a, 2015b; Crespo, 2015; Quepons, 2017; Marcos del Cano, 2023). These new publications identify a central area of disagreement between the two authors concerning the nature of emotive consciousness, i.e., the mode in which affective states relate to their objects. For Geiger, emotions are directed toward their objects but are not regarded as intentional and, in certain forms of consciousness, can even lose their relation to their objects. By contrast, for Husserl, intentionality is an intrinsic feature of emotive consciousness. The paper shows that Geiger's and Husserl's disagreement on the nature of emotions is rooted in their different pictures of the structure of consciousness and, in particular, the place of feeling in their respective ontologies of the mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noise is the number two environmental health risk in Europe. With the majority of the world's inhabitants residing in ever-growing cities, urban noise impacts an increasing number of people. Urban airports significantly contribute to urban noise, and their spatial effects far exceed their boundaries. While indoor acoustic mitigation in architecture is growingly addressed using parametric tools, there is limited research on mitigating noise with digital means through landscape and urban design. Moreover, there is a lack of methods for ameliorating urban noise through ground-forming. To address this, this paper contributes a novel method for integrating acoustic analysis in parametric landscape-forming. The method includes collecting on-line and on-site noise data, developing alternative landscape formations for mitigating noise, and evaluating design alternatives within a single digital design environment. This method was applied using research by design and examined on a case-study site adjacent to the Munich Airport. Three landform landscape designs for a park are developed, and their acoustic performance is compared. The results indicate the possibility of integrating acoustic considerations in landscape architecture, and the method provides a step-by-step guide for doing so. This capacity also promotes the long-term goal of increasing the environmental performance of urban grounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]