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The undulator is a key luminous component of the Shanghai high repetition rate x-ray free electron laser and extreme light facility, and the motion control system is an important part of the undulator. The main task of the motion control system is to complete the high precision adjustment of the gap and taper between the upper magnetic pole girder and lower magnetic pole girder, so as to adjust the wavelength of the radiation light. According to the development requirements of the motion control system for the U26 undulator, which is a conventional permanent magnet, this paper proposes a new motion control system with double position feedback closed-loop control, including programmable logic controller (PLC) closed-loop control based on position feedback by a linear absolute encoder (LAE) and driver closed-loop control based on position feedback by a rotary absolute encoder (RAE) of a servo motor. Multiple motion tests of the U26 undulator have shown that the repeatability accuracy of the gap is ±50 nm and the gap drive can reach 0.1 µm step size, the error of which is about ±20 nm according to the feedback of the LAE. The conclusion can be drawn that the motion step size and repeatability accuracy of the motion control system for the U26 undulator are improved by one order of magnitude on the basis of meeting all technical requirements. At the same time, motor torque protection, motor temperature protection, and redundant position protection with RAE can further improve the reliability and safety of the motion control system for the U26 undulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In recent years, with the development of the Digital Revolution, information technologies such as digital twins and virtual reality are gradually penetrating people's daily learning and living environment. The digital twin historic landscape street has the performance advantages of virtual reality integration, real‐time interaction, independent iteration, and dynamic perception. Taking the historical district of Yu Garden in Shanghai as an example, this paper builds a travel simulation model of the historical district based on the basic elements of the scene service of the digital twin district under the empowerment of "cloud, data and intelligence". With the digital twin lamps as the physical entity, the passenger flow dynamic simulation data model is constructed. The effectiveness of the model was verified through simulation of the impact of passenger flow changes on passenger flow, and improvements and enhancements were made to smart lighting fixtures in the block. This study explores the rich application scenarios of digital twin historic blocks and creates a scenario‐based service model, which will fully activate various online and offline elements of historic landscape blocks, bringing users a brand‐new immersive experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coilia nasus is a typical anadromous migratory fish found in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Every year, C. nasus clusters offshore and swims upstream along the Yangtze River into the tributaries and lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to breed. In this study, female C. nasus were collected as study subjects from the Chongming section of Shanghai, the Taizhou section of Jiangsu, and the Anqing section of Anhui. Their ovaries were used to examine tissue sections and investigate gene expression, including the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (fshr), the luteinizing hormone receptor (lhr), kisspeptin-1 (kiss1), and forkhead box l2 (foxl2), which are related to reproductive development, while the serum levels of estrogen (including estradiol, E2) and progestins (including 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregenen-3-one, 17α,20β-DHP) were also analyzed. Our results showed that, first, the growth period of the oocytes was small in stage II of ovarian development, in which both E2 and 17α,20β-DHP levels and gene expression were low. Then, in stage III, the growth period of the oocytes became large, and the yolk granules and oil droplets began to appear. Simultaneously, E2 and the expression of kiss1 and foxl2 were significantly elevated. Finally, stage IV was the period of a large amount of accumulation of nutrients in the oocytes, and 17α,20β-DHP levels and the expression of fshr and lhr were significantly elevated. These results enrich the theoretical study of ovarian development in the natural population of C. nasus, supplementing the biological basis of C. nasus reproduction and scientifically supporting the study of C. nasus population ecology and resource conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a destructive disease in grapes. Although the preharvest use of pesticides can control it, fungicide resistance in B. cinerea is now common. We used an Effect and Less Spraying Control (ELSC) method for applying fungicides effective against B. cinerea on grapes. The spraying schedule was determined by exploring the key stages of B. cinerea invasion using field and in vitro inoculation tests. The results indicated that the stage most vulnerable to pathogen invasion is the full-bloom stage. The disease incidence/severity in this stage is highest compared with the pre-bloom, 10-days-after-full-bloom, bunch-closure and veraison stages. Given the inoculation results and the threat of residual infected petals, the ELSC method established an optimum spray schedule at full bloom and 10 days after full bloom. To evaluate the ELSC method, four kinds of fungicides were used in an experimental trial in Beijing in 2015 and 2017; Shanghai in 2016; and Hebei in 2019 and 2021. Fludioxonil was the most effective fungicide, followed by Pythium oligandrum (bio-fungicide), difenoconazole + azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin. ELSC was more effective against B. cinerea than the traditional control schedule, when comparing the disease severity (i.e., 0.07 ± 0.10% in ELSC and 0.49 ± 0.014% in the traditional practice when using fludioxonil). The average yield per hectare in ELSC confirmed that spraying during flowering does not have a deleterious effect on grape yield. It produced a 1224.37 00 kg/ha greater yield than the control group when fludioxonil was applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beta diversity represents the spatial or temporal variation of species diversity among sampling sites and may be composed of two elements: turnover (Brepl, replacement of species assemblages) and nestedness (Brich, loss or gain of species assemblages). Knowledge of the mechanisms driving beta diversity contributes to an understanding of the variation in aquatic ecosystem community structures. We sampled zooplankton assemblages at 24 sites in 11 rivers in Shanghai City and conducted a nutrient addition experiment to elucidate the effects of various environmental variables on the community structure and beta diversity patterns of the zooplankton. The zooplankton assemblages in the rivers differed significantly at ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations below (Group I) and above (Group II) 1.03 mg·L−1. The nutrient addition experiment further demonstrated that the composition of the zooplankton assemblages changed markedly along an ammonia concentration gradient (0.2 to 5.0 mg N·L−1). The total beta diversity of Group I was considerably higher than that of Group II, indicating that high nutrient (ammonia) pollution led to biotic homogeneity. Overall, turnover was the key factor determining the total beta diversity of the two groups, suggesting the key importance of replacement of zooplankton assemblages. Furthermore, we found a correlation between environmental factors (mainly nitrogen content) and the beta diversity of zooplankton, and beta diversity (Brepl and Btotal) decreased with increasing trophic state. These findings provide further insight into the changing characteristics of the beta diversity patterns of zooplankton in river networks and may help to guide managers dealing with conservation strategies for aquatic biodiversity preservation in urban river ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering in patients with hypertension has been associated with a lowered risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). It is still uncertain what is the optimal BP levels to prevent AF in the general elderly population. In the present prospective study, we investigated the association between incident AF and BP in an elderly Chinese population. Elderly (≥65 years) residents were recruited from 6 communities in Shanghai. 9019 participants who did not have AF at baseline and had at least one ECG recording during follow-up were included in the present analysis. During a median of 3.5 years follow-up, the overall incidence rate of AF was 5.6 per 1000 person-years (n = 178). Systolic BP was associated with increased AF risk (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per 20-mmHg increase for systolic BP 1.21, 95% CI 1.04–1.39, P = 0.01), but risk estimate was attenuated after adjustment for common AF risk factors. In categorical analyses, statistical significance was achieved for HR relative to optimal BP only in stage 2 or 3 systolic and diastolic hypertension (multivariate-adjusted HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.00–3.08, P = 0.05). The association between AF incidence and BP status tended to be stronger in the absence than presence of a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline (P for interaction = 0.06). In this Chinese population of 65 years and older, linear increases in systolic and diastolic BP were not independently associated with increased risk of AF, and only exposure to stage 2 or 3 hypertension carries a higher risk of AF. • Linear increases of BP were not independently associated with increased risk of AF. • Only stage 2 or 3 hypertension carries a higher risk of AF. • Stringent BP control may be more useful in younger patients to prevent AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergenic pollen protein can be released from pollen grains and suspended in the air to cause allergenic reactions. However, the allergenic protein and its relationship with redox trace elements in ambient size-resolved particles has not been reported. Ambient size-resolved particles in Shanghai's atmosphere were sampled during the Platanus pollen season in the spring season of 2017. Planatus pollen protein 3 (Pla a3) and redox trace elements in the ambient particles were investigated and their relationship was analyzed. Our data demonstrated that the mass level of the Pla a3 in the size-resolved particles ranged from 0.41 ± 0.28 to 7.46 ± 2.23 pg/m3, and decreased with the size range. Mass concentrations (ppb) of crustal elements (Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, Na) in the size-resolved particles ranged from 20.11 ± 9.87 to 1126.22 ± 659.51, while trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, Pb) varied from 0.05 ± 0.03 to 57.53 ± 19.7. Mass levels of these trace elements decreased according to particle size. The Abundance of redox trace elements, including Fe (R2 = 0.82), Mn (R2 = 0.54), Cu (R2 = 0.61), Ba (R2 = 0.82), and Pb (R2 = 0.82) in the size-resolved particles was significantly related to that of Pla a3, and our data implied redox trace elements might take syngenetic effects on the allergenicity induced by Pla a3 protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect programme provides a perfect experimental setting to test cross-listing theories. Using daily panel data of 54 firms dually listed on the Shanghai A-share and Hong Kong H-share markets from 4 January 2011 to 29 November 2019, this paper investigates the effect of the programme on A-H premium. The results demonstrate that the programme did not narrow the A-H valuation gaps, but rather significantly promoted the premium. The results also confirm the conventional arguments of information asymmetry, demand differential, and investors' risk preference differential, which are proposed to explain price disparities between dual-listed stocks, but challenge liquidity differential and market risk differential hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in congenital heart disease (CHD) patients supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO) after open‐heart surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on children with (GI group: 26 cases) and without (control group: 122 cases) GI bleeding during ECMO at Shanghai Children's Medical Center from 2017 to 2020. Clinical data were analyzed and compared between groups to search for risk factors for GI bleeding. Results: A total of 148 cases were included in the study. The overall incidence of GI bleeding was 17.6% (26/148). The in‐hospital mortality rate in the GI group was 61.5% (16/26) versus 45.9% (56/122) in the control group. Twenty‐six patients suffered cardiac arrest before ECMO support. The GI bleeding incidence among extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) patients was 50.0% (13/26) versus 28.7 (35/122) among non‐ECPR patients, p = 0.035. The activated clotting time (ACT) was 201.40 s (180.47 to 247.27) in the GI group versus 177.63 s (167.79 to 203.13) (p = 0.050) in the control group. The lowest antithrombin level (Min AT) was 27.00 ± 13.07% versus 37.62 ± 15.18 (p = 0.001). The pH and lactate levels before ECMO (Pre PH and Pre Lac) were lower in the GI group than in the control group. (7.31 ± 0.23 vs. 7.35 ± 0.17, p = 0.035 and 12.2 ± 6.11 vs. 7.78 ± 6.67, p = 0.003). Liver function during ECMO support was statistically worse in the GI group than in the control group. Multivariate analysis showed that Pre Lac (OR = 1.106 [1.018–1.202], p = 0.0016) was an independent risk factor for GI bleeding. ROC analysis of Pre Lac and GI bleeding showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.700 (95% CI: 0.600–0.800, p = 0.002) and a cutoff value of 9.30 mmol/L (sensitivity, 73.1%; specificity, 62.7%). Conclusions: As the first study in this field, the probability of GI bleeding and related mortality was found to be high in children supported with V‐A ECMO after open‐heart surgery. A higher lactate level before ECMO was an independent risk factor for GI bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gait disturbances may appear prior to cognitive dysfunction in the early stage of silent cerebrovascular disease (SCD). Subtle changes in gait characteristics may provide an early warning of later cognitive decline. Our team has proposed a vision-based artificial intelligent gait analyzer for the rapid detection of spatiotemporal parameters and walking pattern based on videos of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between gait features assessed by our artificial intelligent gait analyzer and cognitive function changes in patients with SCD.Methods: This will be a multicenter prospective cohort study involving a total of 14 hospitals from Shanghai and Guizhou. One thousand and six hundred patients with SCD aged 60-85 years will be consecutively recruited. Eligible patients will undergo the intelligent gait assessment and neuropsychological evaluation at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. The intelligent gait analyzer will divide participant into normal gait group and abnormal gait group according to their walking performance in the TUG videos at baseline. All participants will be naturally observed during 1-year follow-up period. Primary outcome are the changes in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. Secondary outcomes include the changes in intelligent gait spatiotemporal parameters (step length, gait speed, step frequency, step width, standing up time, and turning back time), the changes in scores on other neuropsychological tests (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Stroop Color Word Test, and Digit Span Test), falls events, and cerebrovascular events. We hypothesize that both groups will show a decline in MMSE score, but the decrease of MMSE score in the abnormal gait group will be more significant.Conclusion: This study will be the first to explore the relationship between gait features assessed by an artificial intelligent gait analyzer and cognitive decline in patients with SCD. It will demonstrate whether subtle gait abnormalities detected by the artificial intelligent gait analyzer can act as a cognitive-related marker for patients with SCD.Trial Registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT04456348 ; 2 July 2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) is a kind of organic aerosol that efficiently absorbs ultraviolet-visible light and has an impact on climate forcing. We conducted an in-depth field study on ambient aerosols at a monitoring point in Shanghai, China, aiming to investigate the potential emission sources, molecular structures, and the contributions to light absorptions of ambient BrC chromophores. The results indicated that nine molecules were identified as nitroaromatic compounds, five of which (4-nitrophenol, 4-nitrocatechol, 2-nitro-1-naphthol, 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol, and 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol) usually came from biomass burning or were produced from the photo-oxidation of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (e.g., toluene, benzene) under high-NOx conditions. 4-nitrophenol was the strongest BrC chromophore and accounted for 13% of the total aerosol light absorption at λ = 365 nm. The estimated light absorption of black carbon was approximately three times the value of methanol-soluble BrC at λ = 365 nm. The ratios of K+/OC and K+/EC, and the correlations with WSOC, OC, HULIS-C and K+, and MAE values of methanol extracts also indicated that the primary emissions from biomass burning contributed more aerosol light absorption compared to the secondary formation during the wintertime in Shanghai. Therefore, biomass burning control is still the most urgent strategy for reducing BrC in Shanghai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As strict measures were taken, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has been gradually brought under control. As a port city, Shanghai's main problem has shifted from treating local cases to preventing foreign imports. To prevent the re-outbreak of COVID-19 caused by imported cases, the Shanghai government has set up central isolation sites for all people entering the country from abroad to be placed under medical observation. This report describes how to set up central isolation sites and run them effectively. We put isolation sites in transformed hotels, arranged personnel according to a huge data network, and set up specific procedures to manage guests. The epidemic situation in Shanghai has confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the methods that other jurisdictions can adapt for their use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Diabetic complications have brought a tremendous burden for diabetic patients, but the problem of predicting diabetic complications is still unresolved. Our aim is to explore the relationship between hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), insulin (INS), and glucose (GLU) and diabetic complications in combination with individual factors and to effectively predict multiple complications of diabetes. Methods. This was a real-world study. Data were collected from 40,913 participants with an average age of 48 years from the Department of Endocrinology of Ruijin Hospital in Shanghai. We proposed deep personal multitask prediction of diabetes complication with attentive interactions (DPMP-DC) to predict the five complication models of diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic foot disease, and diabetic cardiovascular disease. Results. Our model has an accuracy rate of 88.01% for diabetic retinopathy, 89.58% for diabetic nephropathy, 85.77% for diabetic neuropathy, 80.56% for diabetic foot disease, and 82.48% for diabetic cardiovascular disease. The multitasking accuracy of multiple complications is 84.67%, and the missed diagnosis rate is 9.07%. Conclusion. We put forward the method of interactive integration with individual factors of patients for the first time in diabetic complications, which reflect the differences between individuals. Our multitask model using the hard sharing mechanism provides better prediction than prior single prediction models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid economic development of coastal cities causes frequent land use/cover change (LUCC), which has a significant negative impact on the functions and services of coastal ecosystems. In this paper, we considered Shanghai, China, as the study area and assessed its ecosystem service value (ESV) using the equivalence coefficient table method based on land use data from 2000, 2010 and 2020. Multi-scenario simulations of LUCC and ESV in 2030 were carried out by establishing a future land use simulation (FLUS) model. The results showed that from 2000 to 2020, the most obvious features of LUCC in Shanghai included an increase in built-up land (an increase of 1388.09 km2) and a decrease in cultivated land (a decrease of 1355.85 km2). Wetland, woodland and grassland maintained a steady growth trend. During these two decades, the ESV in Shanghai decreased from 322.8417 million yuan to 311.8970 million yuan. In terms of the spatial distribution of LUCC and ESV, coastal areas had the most frequent occurrence of LUCC and contributed the most to the ESV. The multi-scenario simulation results showed that there was a significant improvement in the ESV of the ecological priority scenario (2.01% and 4.06% higher than the benchmark scenario and development priority scenario, respectively). In addition, several policy recommendations for the development and utilization of land in coastal cities are proposed, and the significant contribution of coastal areas to the ecological benefits of coastal cities is empirically demonstrated. These results can provide a theoretical basis and decision support for sustainable land management in coastal cities. • Ecological service values (ESVs) of Shanghai, China are assessed from 2000 to 2020. • The characteristics of land use/cover change (LUCC) and ESVs are analyzed. • Simulations of LUCC and ESV in 2030 are conducted based on different scenarios. • Coastal areas have the highest incidence of LUCC and contribute the most to ESV. • The ecological priority strategy can effectively limit the reduction of ESV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both brown carbon (BrC) and the non-absorbing components coated on black carbon (BC) aerosols can enhance the light absorption of BC aerosols. BrC is a complicated mixture of organic compounds and not well characterized, which hinders exploring the links between BrC and optical properties. We conducted an in-depth field study on optical properties of ambient aerosols at a monitoring site in Shanghai, China via real-time monitoring and offline analysis. Results showed that BrC caused light absorption coefficients were 3.3 ± 3.3 Mm−1, 2.2 ± 5.0 Mm−1, 1.2 ± 1.2 Mm−1 at λ = 370, 470 and 520 nm, respectively, accounting for 11%, 10%, 6% of the total aerosol absorption for the corresponding wavelengths. A larger proportion of long-chain aliphatic organosulfates (OSs, C n H 2n+2 O 4 S, (CH 2) n O 5 S, (CH 2) n O 6 S) with double bond equivalent (DBE) values of 0 or 1 accounted for 5–20% of the light absorption (λ = 365 nm) for soluble brown carbon (BrC), which were dominating for the days with less N-containing aromatic compounds appearing. Furthermore, the structure of C n H 2n+2 O 4 S, (CH 2) n O 5 S, (CH 2) n O 6 S were explored using target MS/MS of HPLC-Q-ToF-MS: (CH 2) n O 5 S series, the most abundant family of OSs, were constructed by functionalizing a saturated hydrocarbon with one sulfate and one carbonyl group. C n H 2n+2 O 4 S series were oxidized with only one sulfate group in the aliphatic chain R. (CH 2) n O 6 S series were proposed as aliphatic OSs with one ester group. We speculated aliphatic OSs were formed via acid catalyzed perhydrolysis of hydroperoxides derived from long-chain alkanes releasing from diesel fueled vehicles, followed by the reaction with sulfate anion radicals. Therefore, relevant technologies should be further explored to reduce the impacts from vehicle emissions. [Display omitted] • BrC generally contributed to 10% of the total aerosol absorption at λ = 370–470 nm. • Long-chain aliphatic OSs are strong chromophores on less biomass burning days. • C n H 2n+2 O 4 S, (CH 2) n O 5 S, (CH 2) n O 6 S are aliphatic OSs with one O 5 S and O 6 S. • The OSs may be formed via acid catalyzed perhydrolysis of hydroperoxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are complex emerging pollutants that are widely distributed in soils. The compositions of PFAS vary according to the emission sources. However, the soil distributions of PFAS from different sources are still poorly understood. In this study, the concentrations and compositions of 18 PFAS in soils close to potential sources (industrial areas, airports, landfills, fire stations and agricultural areas) were investigated in Shanghai. The total PFAS concentrations varied from 0.64 to 294 μg kg−1 d.w.. Among the sites, the highest PFAS concentration was found near the fire station (average = 57.9 μg kg−1 d.w.), followed by the industrial area (average = 8.53 μg kg−1 d.w.). The detection frequencies of the 18 PFAS ranged from 47.5% to 100%. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) were detected in all samples. The detection frequencies of PFAS near the fire station were higher than those near other sources. The PFAS in soils were mainly composed of short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (C ≤ 8). Elevated concentrations of long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (C > 12) were found in industrial area. Principal component analysis revealed that long-chain PFAS had different factor loadings compared to short-chain PFAS. With the exception of agricultural soils, the correlations between individual PFAS were more positive than negative. Strong positive correlations were found within three groups of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (C5–C7, C9–C12, and C14–C18), suggesting their similar inputs and transportation pathways. The PFAS in soils around the fire station were likely directly emitted from a point source. In contrast, the PFAS in soils near the other sites had multiple input pathways, including both direct emission and precursor degradation. [Display omitted] • The fire station had the highest PFAS concentration followed by the industrial area. • The PFAS in soils were usually composed of short-chain PFCAs (C ≤ 8). • The long-chain PFCAs (C > 12) mainly originated from the industrial area. • Three groups of PFCAs (C5–C7, C9–C12 and C14–C18) were correlated at all sites. • PFAS had multiple inputs at most sites but only direct emission at the fire station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spread of SARS-CoV-2 led to a global pandemic, and there remains unmet medical needs in the treatment of Omicron infections. VV116, an oral antiviral agent that has potent activity against SARS-CoV-2, was compared with a placebo in this phase 3 study to investigate its efficacy and safety in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. This multicentre, double-blind, phase 3, randomised controlled study enrolled adults in hospitals for infectious diseases and tertiary general hospitals in China. Eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio using permuted block randomisation to receive oral VV116 (0·6 g every 12 h on day 1 and 0·3 g every 12 h on days 2–5) or oral placebo (on the same schedule as VV116) for 5 days. Randomisation stratification factors included SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status and the presence of high-risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19. Inclusion criteria were a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, an initial onset of COVID-19 symptoms 3 days or less before the first study dose, and a score of 2 or more for any target COVID-19-related symptoms in the 24 h before the first dose. Patients who had severe or critical COVID-19 or who had taken any antiviral drugs were excluded from the study. The primary endpoint was the time to clinical symptom resolution for 2 consecutive days. Efficacy analyses were performed on a modified intention-to-treat population, comprising all patients who received at least one dose of VV116 or placebo, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, and did not test positive for influenza virus before the first dose. Safety analyses were done on all participants who received at least one dose of VV116 or placebo. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT05582629 , and has been completed. A total of 1369 patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups and 1347 received either VV116 (n=674) or placebo (n=673). At the interim analysis, VV116 was superior to placebo in reducing the time to sustained clinical symptom resolution among 1229 patients (hazard ratio [HR] 1·21, 95% CI 1·04–1·40; p=0·0023). At the final analysis, a substantial reduction in time to sustained clinical symptom resolution was observed for VV116 compared with placebo among 1296 patients (HR 1·17, 95% CI 1·04–1·33; p=0·0009), consistent with the interim analysis. The incidence of adverse events was similar between groups (242 [35·9%] of 674 patients vs 283 [42·1%] of 673 patients). Among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, VV116 significantly reduced the time to sustained clinical symptom resolution compared with placebo, with no observed safety concerns. Shanghai Vinnerna Biosciences, Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, and the National Key Research and Development Program of China. For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive studies of the effects of various physical and chemical variables (including heavy metals), antibiotics, and microorganisms in the environment on antibiotic resistance genes are rare. We collected sediment samples from the Shatian Lake aquaculture area and surrounding lakes and rivers located in Shanghai, China. The spatial distribution of sediment ARGs was assessed by metagenomic analysis that revealed 26 ARG types (510 subtypes), dominated by Multidrug, β-lactam, Aminoglycoside, Glycopeptides, Fluoroquinolone, and Tetracyline. Redundancy discriminant analysis indicated that antibiotics (SAs and MLs) in the aqueous environment and sediment along with water TN and TP were the key variables affecting the abundance distribution of total ARGs. However, the main environmental drivers and key influences differed among the different ARGs. For total ARGs, the environmental subtypes affecting their structural composition and distribution characteristics were mainly antibiotic residues. Procrustes analysis showed a significant correlation between ARGs and microbial communities in the sediment in the survey area. Network analysis revealed that most of the target ARGs were significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms, and a small number of ARGs (e.g., rpoB, mdtC, and efpA) were highly significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms (e.g., Knoellia, Tetrasphaera , and Gemmatirosa). Potential hosts for the major ARGs included Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes. Our study provides new insight and a comprehensive assessment of the distribution and abundance of ARGs and the drivers of ARG occurrence and transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the measures for controlling ozone (O 3) pollution in Jinshan District, Shanghai, China during the summer months of June 2022–August 2022. The study period was divided into a control period (CP) when measures were enforced and a non-control period (NCP) without interventions. The concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were compared between the two periods, with the ranking of various types of identical VOCs, in which alkanes exhibited the highest (39.48%) concentrations, followed by aromatics (24.35%), halohydrocarbons (19.94%) and alkenes (16.23%). Compared to NCP, the mean levels of VOCs were 32.67% lower in CP, indicating the control measures significantly reduced the concentrations of VOCs during the months when control measures were in effect. The typical bimodal O 3 pattern was eliminated during CP along with the absence of peak VOC levels between 10:00 Hrs and 16:00 Hrs, which surpassed the level of 40 μg/m3 during NCP. The analyses of O 3 formation potential (OFP) and rate of loss of OH radicals (L OH) indicated that alkenes and aromatics were the most chemically active VOCs driving the production of O 3. Following six types of sources were determined for VOCs using positive matrix factorization (PMF): (1) solvent use (8.2%); (2) fuel evaporation (25.1%); (3) petrochemical plant (17.3%); (4) LPG (20.1%); (5) industrial process (16.1%); (6) vehicular emissions (13.2%). Emissions from vehicles and solvent use declined by 19.21% and 15.43%, respectively, underscoring their importance as controllable VOC sources in Shanghai, China. Overall, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of regional control measures in improving air quality by reducing the production of O 3 and related VOCs. [Display omitted] • Characteristics and sources of VOCs in industrial parks in Shanghai were analyzed under different management periods. • Industrial process and vehicle exhaust were major sources of VOCs. • Controlling the emissions of alkenes and aromatics was crucial for mitigating regional ozone pollution. • Control measures in the summer of 2022 effectively reduced the VOCs emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) situated within urban landscapes play a critical role in fostering sustainable urban development while concurrently serving as substantial contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Under the dual pressure of future urban socioeconomic development and the carbon neutrality target, it is important to identify GHG emission reduction pathways for municipal WWTPs. Existing research on GHG emission reduction in WWTPs exhibit a notable absence of a comprehensive city-centric perspective, with insufficient consideration given to the impact of water conservation measures. We constructed a GHG emission accounting system for the municipal WWTPs employing Shanghai as a case study. Based on field surveys of typical WWTPs, we proposed GHG emission reduction pathways and future demand-technology scenarios. Our results showed that, with the robust mitigation measures, Shanghai's municipal WWTPs have the potential to curtail GHG emissions to 0.55 Mt by 2050. Notably, GHG emission reduction can be achieved through water conservation and technical improvement. Medication optimization and energy saving are significant mitigation measures for GHG emission reduction, and should be optimally considered in the future. This investigation not only establishes a forward-looking GHG emission reduction roadmap for the municipal WWTPs at the city-scale but also imparts valuable insights to urban management practices in analogous urban settings. [Display omitted] • A unified city-level accounting system for GHG emissions from municipal wastewater treatment is established. • GHG emission reduction can be achieved through water conservation and technical improvement. • Medication optimization and energy saving are significant mitigation measures for GHG emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One research direction for future synchrotron light sources is the development of elliptically polarized undulators (EPUs) with a short period and high magnetic field. The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) has developed a compact EPU prototype with a 16 mm period. The prototype incorporates a novel magnetic structure consisting of 8 magnet arrays, generating a peak magnetic field reaching approximately 0.8 T. Additionally, the magnetic structure is compact and lightweight, featuring a 5 mm aperture (ϕ 5 mm). To assess its performance, the magnetic field was measured using the pulsed wire and Hall sensor methods. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the physical design, mechanical structure, and measurement results of the compact EPU prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving zero-waste of municipal solid waste (MSW) is not only a vision of policymakers but also an aspired topic of scholars. Although many countries and regions have formulated ambitious zero-waste strategies, relatively few scholars have studied how these strategies were developed and implemented. This study summarized a strategy formulation path towards zero-waste of MSW, and built a zero-waste system dynamic model to simulate the zero-waste situation of Shanghai' MSW from 2000 to 2050. There are primary, intermediate and advanced stages towards zero-waste of MSW. Reaching these three stages needs to follow the goals of "zero landfill at the end, more recycling at the middle, and less generation at the source". Additionally, this study compared 13 scenarios to give MSW zero-waste strategy formulation path for Shanghai from 2025 to 2050. The simulation results show that the amount of MSW generated in Shanghai will continue to increase, reaching 16 million tons MSW and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will reach 1.7 million tons by 2050. Shanghai' MSW will achieve zero-waste by 2050 only if recycling rate can increase to 70%, proportion of green raw materials increase to 50%, resident waste disposal reducing by 10%, and resident consumption reducing by 10%. Shanghai will reduce MSW by 30%–60% and GHG emissions by 50%–90% under zero-waste scenario. Laws and regulations to strengthen the construction of a green supply chain, promotion and education to enhance residents' active zero-waste awareness, and mandatory policies to push forth zero-waste awareness are the focus of future zero-waste strategies. Although it is difficult to achieve zero-waste goal, continuous adherence to zero-waste action is still urged, which is very important for the sustainable development of the environment. [Display omitted] • Achieving zero-waste requires formulating strategic goals in stages. • Shanghai cannot achieve zero-waste of municipal solid waste by 2050. • Shanghai will reduce waste by 30%–60% in zero-waste strategy. • Shanghai needs to focus on building a green supply chain in the future. • Policymakers can continue to incentivize and guide residents toward Zero-waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]