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Objective/Context: The initial decades following the Spanish foundation of Quito were pivotal for shaping its peri-urban spaces. Between 1534 and 1575, three colonization strategies were crucial for producing the space surrounding the colonial city of Quito: Hispanic municipal governance, asymmetrical alliances with indigenous authorities and evangelization. This article explores the intervention in the landscape of Añaquito, on the outskirts of the town of Quito, where distinct agricultural zones were demarcated alongside Christian landmarks and circumscriptions, and places of memory were recognized in association with the acknowledgment of indigenous jurisdictions. The production of this landscape is approached through colonial urban ideals, memory production, linked to colonial governance, and subsequent Christianization of the space. Methodology: The analysis is based on municipal council records, letters from the king or the Council of the Indies to the municipality, and documents regarding land disputes and jurisdictions held in the General Archive of the Indies in Seville. The analysis of these documents focuses on what they tell us about space. Originality: While the urban layout of Quito has been extensively examined, no studies emphasize the significance of peri-urban space. This study’s relevance lies in calling attention to the peri-urban space and demonstrating how Spanish colonization was projected physically and ideologically onto the landscape adjacent to the city, the peri-urban space, during its early stages. The multidimensional colonization of the Añaquito landscape shaped it physically and redefined its meaning. These contributions will undoubtedly shed light on the formation of peri-urban space in other colonial cities. Conclusions: The landscape produced in the plains neighboring the city of Quito, the peri-urban space, was shaped and provided with meanings due to various colonial strategies of domination.

Objective/Context: The initial decades following the Spanish foundation of Quito were pivotal for shaping its peri-urban spaces. Between 1534 and 1575, three colonization strategies were crucial for producing the space surrounding the colonial city of Quito: Hispanic municipal governance, asymmetrical alliances with indigenous authorities and evangelization. This article explores the intervention in the landscape of Añaquito, on the outskirts of the town of Quito, where distinct agricultural zones were demarcated alongside Christian landmarks and circumscriptions, and places of memory were recognized in association with the acknowledgment of indigenous jurisdictions. The production of this landscape is approached through colonial urban ideals, memory production, linked to colonial governance, and subsequent Christianization of the space. Methodology: The analysis is based on municipal council records, letters from the king or the Council of the Indies to the municipality, and documents regarding land disputes and jurisdictions held in the General Archive of the Indies in Seville. The analysis of these documents focuses on what they tell us about space. Originality: While the urban layout of Quito has been extensively examined, no studies emphasize the significance of peri-urban space. This study's relevance lies in calling attention to the peri-urban space and demonstrating how Spanish colonization was projected physically and ideologically onto the landscape adjacent to the city, the peri-urban space, during its early stages. The multidimensional colonization of the Añaquito landscape shaped it physically and rede!ned its meaning. These contributions will undoubtedly shed light on the formation of peri-urban space in other colonial cities. Conclusions: The landscape produced in the plains neighboring the city of Quito, the peri-urban space, was shaped and provided with meanings due to various colonial strategies of domination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present investigation sought to determine the variables that influence the types of collective memories, typified as recall, manipulated memory, and forgetfulness, elicited by 3 places linked to the dictatorship (1973-1990) in Concepción, Chile. A descriptive, quantitative research design was used, with a non-probabilistic accidental sampling to access 287 participants according to sociodemographic categories, political orientation, and justification or not of the coup in Chile. The instrument was applied in 3 places, 2 considered memory places, the University of Concepción Memorial and the front of the Cathedral, and one place of forgetfulness, the former Bahamondes barracks. Chisquare, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney post hoc with Bonferroni correction, and logistic regression analyses were performed. Recall memories predominated (47%), secondly, forgetfulness (37%), and finally, manipulated memories (16%). Recall memories were associated with being young, left-wing (φ = 0.29), and rejecting the coup (Cramer's V = 0.18). Memory places were more associated with recall memories versus forgetfulness (φ = 0.19). Recall memories were more frequent at the University of Concepción and less at the former Bahamondes barracks. The conclusions consider the relevance of promoting memory processes focused on recall in the face of the threat of oblivion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Philosophy, Culture & Political Science is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ri-vista: Ricerche per la progettazione del paesaggio is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)