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The current research is conducted with the aim of investigating a multi-generation energy system (MGS) for electricity, hydrogen, heating, cooling and hot water production using SRC, Kalina cycle and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis as the main subsystems. The thermodynamic analysis namely energy, exergy, and exergo-economic examination carried out. Analysis for each component is done after thermodynamic modeling. The exergy investigation showed that regenerator 2, vapor generator and condenser had the highest exergy destruction rate, respectively. A comparison was made between the current work and the basic system, and according to the results obtained, the system's ability to produce electricity, cooling, heating and hydrogen are calculated as 782 kW, 173.2 kW, 2265 kW and 0.01613 mol/day, respectively. Also, the energy and exergy efficiency of the proposed system increased by 3.13% and 5.37%, respectively. The optimization based on PSO method was carried out. The results of PSO optimization represented that in the case exergy destruction and exergy efficiency will be the optimization target these two outputs can reach the value of 2208 kW and 9.84%, while optimization based on exergy efficiency and production cost rate will lead to 9.86% and 166.6 $/h. • Simulation a CSP based system to design a poly-generation energy system. • Using PEM electrolyzer to generate hydrogen as an energy storage media. • The exergy efficiency of introduced system is 3.13% higher than basic system. • The output power of new plant is 1.54 MW higher than basic cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generators and condensers are the two vital equipment items that determine the output of vapor absorption refrigeration systems. Arid weather conditions produce a significant reduction in the performance of the vapor absorption refrigeration cycle due to low condenser heat dissipation despite high generator temperatures. Although numerous studies on condenser cooling methods in vapor compression systems have been reported in the literature, solar-operated vapor absorption systems have not been studied. Limitations in generator temperatures of solar-operated vapor absorption systems necessitate a focused study in this area. This study makes the selection of the best choice for condenser cooling from among four different condenser cooling methods which have an impact on the performance of the vapor absorption refrigeration system for effective cooling using solar energy. A solar vapor absorption refrigeration system working with low-grade heat using a compound parabolic collector is considered in this study. Analysis of a vapor absorption refrigeration system for cooling in arid weather conditions is carried out using different condenser cooling methods with Engineering Equation Solver. Initially, the model used in the study is compared with a similar study reported in the literature. Techniques considered are air, water, evaporative, and hybrid cooling techniques. The performance of the vapor absorption cooling system was analyzed using experimental values of a solar compound parabolic collector obtained from real-time measurements for simulating the model. Results show that water cooling can provide suitable condenser cooling and improve the coefficient of performance of the solar vapor absorption refrigeration system using the solar collector. The water-cooled condenser has 1.9%, 3.3%, and 2.1% higher COP when compared to air-cooled condensers for spring, summer, and autumn seasons respectively, whereas the water-cooled condenser cooling recorded 6%, 14%, and 8% higher COP relative to the evaporative cooling method. Cost comparison showed maximum cost for water-cooled condensers and minimum cost for hybrid-cooled condensers. The effect of each cooling method on the environment is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool used in modern science and technology. Its novel incarnation, based on measurements of NMR signals without external magnetic fields, provides direct access to intramolecular interactions based on heteronuclear scalar J-coupling. The uniqueness of these interactions makes each zero-field NMR spectrum distinct and useful in chemical fingerprinting. However, the necessity of heteronuclear coupling often results in weak signals due to the low abundance of certain nuclei (e.g., 15N). Hyperpolarization of such compounds may solve the problem. In this work, we investigate molecules with natural isotopic abundance that are polarized using non-hydrogenative parahydrogen-induced polarization. We demonstrate that spectra of hyperpolarized naturally abundant pyridine derivatives can be observed and uniquely identified whether the same substituent is placed at a different position of the pyridine ring or different constituents are placed at the same position. To do so, we constructed an experimental system using a home-built nitrogen vapor condenser, which allows for consistent long-term measurements, crucial for identifying naturally abundant hyperpolarized molecules at a concentration level of ~1 mM. This opens avenues for future chemical detection of naturally abundant compounds using zero-field NMR. Zero- and ultralow-field (ZULF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as a complementary technique to conventional high-field (≳1 T) NMR, however, the ability to distinguish heteronuclear coupling remains challenging due to the low abundance of certain nuclei. Here, the authors apply non-hydrogenative parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization to identify naturally abundant molecules, and demonstrate the detection of pyridine derivatives at a concentration level of ~1 mM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on evaluating and analyzing the performance of an autocascade refrigeration system with the zeotropic mixture of R600a/R1150/R14 refrigerants using grey correlation theory and response surface methodology (RSM). The correlation degree among various factors is analyzed using grey correlation theory. The interactive influences that have significant impacts on the six output parameters are illustrated, and a regression model is further validated by five confirmation parameters. The results show that the vapor quality of the evaporator outlet is the greatest factor that affecting the refrigerating capacity and coefficient of performance (COP). However, the evaporation temperature has the greatest effect on compressor's discharge temperature, pressure ratio, exergy destruction rates, and exergy efficiency. Lower vapor quality of the condenser outlet and condensation temperature can improve the performances of refrigerating capacity, COP, compressor's discharge temperature, compression ratio, total exergy destruction rate, and exergy efficiency based on the RSM results. The random five groups of validation parameters indicate that the errors between the predicted modeling and calculation results are all less than 5%, demonstrating that the RSM model has good predictability. The results achieved in this work will assist in the optimizing analysis and the application of cryogenic refrigerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study concerns the numerical simulation and the experimental implementation of a low-scale Phase Change Material-based (PCM-based) condenser, to be included in a PCM-based portable cooling systems. In this category of cooling systems, the PCM can be integrated either in the condenser or in the evaporator. In the present study, the PCM is integrated in the condenser of the vapor compression cycle to absorb the heat power released from the refrigerant fluid (R134a) during condensation, thus eliminating the need to transfer heat to the external environment. The main objective of the present study is to realize and validate a numerical model capable of simulating both the refrigerant fluid and the PCM thermofluid dynamics. For this purpose, a commercial solver was used for the implementation of the developed numerical model, and experimental tests were performed to validate the numerical simulations results. The paper reports the details and test results of both the numerical model and the experimental apparatus. The simulation results indicate a good accordance between the numerical and experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the performance and behavior of water circulation system (WCS) of a thermal power plant in fuzzy environment. For this purpose, fuzzy 1-t technique coupled with petrinet modelling has been used. To address the vagueness in data, trapezoidal fuzzy numbers have been employed in fuzzy 1-t technique. Various reliability indicators of WCS viz. failure rate, repair time, expected number of failures, mean time between failures, reliability and availability have been computed at ±15%, ±25% and ±40% spreads using fuzzy 1-t technique. Further, fuzzy values of reliability indicators have been defuzzified employing COA method and the failure dynamics of WCS have been studied on account of decreasing / increasing trends of reliability indicators. The outcomes of this study are of great importance for plant personnel / management to enhance the availability of WCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-phase flows are found in almost all areas of technology. For example, tubular evaporators, boiling water reactors, boiler blowdown systems, heaters, boilers, gas lift pumps, oil and geothermal wells, oil and gas pipelines, refrigerators, process pipelines, and condensers. Two-phase flows are classified as mixtures. According to the composition of the mixture are divided: (a) for single-component (or one-component) - vapor-liquid flows; (b) multicomponent - gas-liquid flows. One-component mixtures consist of the same substance in different states of aggregation. This can be not only vapor-liquid, but also a mixture of liquid or vapor with a solid phase, a water-ice mixture, or a vapor flow with ice particles, for example, in sublimation installations. Multicomponent mixtures are a combination of substances of different physical nature. These include not only gas-liquid flows, but also, for example, mixtures of air and sand, water and oil. The paper presents the main attention is paid to the movement of two-phase flows in the pipeline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An autonomous dilution microrefrigerator manufactured as an insert into a helium cryostat with a superconducting magnet is described. In this refrigerator, the 3He circulation in the circuit filled with a 3He–4He mixture (mixer–heat exchanger–still–condenser–heat exchanger–mixer) is achieved due to the condensation of mixture vapors on the walls of the condenser, which is cooled by the 3He bath pumped out by a sorption pump, as well as entry of the condensate into the mixer under the action of gravity. An 8-mm-range resonator that contains a sample is connected to the mixer via a heat conductor; the sample is located at the center of a superconducting solenoid with a field of up to 80 kOe. Radiation passes from the generator through a waveguide to the resonator, and the signal that passed through the resonator arrives at the detector. The generator and detector are at room temperature. The device is designed for microwave spectroscopy of magnetic materials at temperatures in the range of ~0.09–3 K. The time within which the temperature is maintained at a level of ~0.1 K is 4–6 h. The results of a test experiment on the antiferromagnetic resonance in a MnCO3 single crystal are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loop heat pipe (LHP) promises great application potential in electronics cooling. However, the selection of environmentally friendly working fluid remains a big issue, especially in commercial applications. Although R134a is a common refrigerant, the R134a-charged LHP is limited by small heat transfer capacity (HTC). In this work, a LHP with R134a as the working fluid is designed and fabricated. In order to enhance its HTC, the structure optimization has been made based on the theoretical analysis of flow resistance where the smaller wick thickness and larger diameter of the vapor and condenser lines are adopted. Experimental results show that the R134a LHP can reach a high HTC up to 250 W at the horizontal orientation with the condenser cooled by air forced convection. With an adverse elevation of 5 cm, the HTC is reduced to about 230 W. In addition, an extensive experimental study on its startup characteristics with the heat loads ranging from 5 to 30 W is conducted. The influence of the initial liquid/vapor distribution in the evaporator on the startup performance is investigated. This work proposes an effective method to enhance the HTC of the R134a LHP, which contributes greatly to its structure optimization and future commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a modified auto-cascade refrigeration cycle (MARC) with a self-recuperator. The introduced self-recuperator and associated expansion valve effectively increases the refrigerant enriched with more low-boiling component in the evaporator. This case could improve the cycle performance by further choosing appropriate design-dependent cycle parameters. The energy and exergy analysis methods are used to compare and evaluate the performance of MARC with conventional auto-cascade refrigeration cycle (CARC). The simulation results show that under all given working conditions, the COP and exergy efficiency of MARC are superior to those of CARC. Among R290/R170 and R600a/R1150, R600a/R1150 is much better refrigerant mixture. Under a typical working condition, the COP of MARC using R600a/R1150 is 68.17% higher than that using R290/R170. The performance improvement of MARC is more obvious when R600a/R1150 is used. Under the typical working condition, the COP of MARC is increased by 6.24% and 24.17% using R290/R170 and R600a/R1150, respectively. When initial mass fraction of R1150 is about 0.6, the two cycles have maximum COP and exergy efficiency, and the maximum COP of MARC is 24.26% higher than that of CARC. In addition, the increase in the two-phase flow vapor quality at the condenser outlet can improve the COP, but reduce the refrigeration capacity. The COP of MARC increases by 37.56% when the quality increases from 0.4 to 0.6. It is also found for MARC that COP and refrigeration capacity are positively correlated with intermediate pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the optimal production feasibility of distilled water from the concentrate of a reverse osmosis device using an evacuated tube collector basin solar still. The characteristic effect of the device's condenser on the produced freshwater volume was evaluated to improve the performance of the solar still, resulting in productivity enhancement. The direct contact of two faces of the cubic condenser with water vapor results in the doubling of the effective surface area. However, freshwater production was decreased by eight times compared to the case where only one face of the condenser is in contact with water vapor. This reduction was attributed to the shorter path taken by the condensed droplets. At the bottom of the evacuated tube collector, some building mineral pumice was used to prevent the formation of large water vapor bubbles. According to this methodology, the average daily production of distilled water from the concentrate of the reverse osmosis unit with a total dissolved solids of 15200 ppm was achieved at 4.58 ± 0.12 L. m − 2 . The quality of produced distilled water revealed that solar desalination using an evacuated tube collector basin solar still can be a notable and economical solution for the concentrate treatment of reverse osmosis. [Display omitted] • The longer the droplets' path on the glass condenser's surface, the higher the freshwater production rate. • The movement path of liquid droplets to the outlet with angles of θ = 0 ° is equal to the length of the condenser. • The ETC has the potential to transfer part of the salty water by the rise of large water vapor bubbles. • Building mineral pumice can be used to prevent the formation of large vapor bubbles at the bottom of the ETC. • Modified ETC basin solar still can be a considerable solution for the desalination of RO concentrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Use of environment friendly hydrocarbons as working fluids in the system. • Hybrid heat source of the solar collector and the biomass burner system. • Heptane is the most suitable fluid for the higher thermal performance of the system. • Hybrid heat source system contributes 88% to total exergy destruction of the system. In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of the hybrid heat source driven organic Rankine cycle integrated flash tank vapor compression refrigeration (ORC-FTVCR) system is conducted using five different hydrocarbon fluids such as hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, and decane. The hybrid heat source consists of a solar collector and a biomass burner system. The system coefficient of performance (COP s), overall exergetic efficiency (η oex), are taken as the indices of the thermal performance of the system. The impact of the operating parameters such as the intensity of solar radiation, inlet temperatures of expander and VCR evaporator, isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and expander, and the condenser saturated vapor temperature on system performance is also investigated. The results indicate that the system performs better using heptane as the working fluid. The values of COP s , η oex , for ORC-FTVCR system using heptane are 0.551 and 4.21%, respectively. The solar collector and the biomass burner system contribute 88% to the total exergy destruction of the system. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary cause of unsteadiness in a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant is cloud passing and the subsequent shadowing of its solar fields. The effects of these transients on a condenser pipe of an air-cooled condenser, typical of CSP applications, are numerically investigated. The parameters that are considered to be impacted by unsteadiness are the condenser inlet mass flow rate, the condenser inlet vapor quality and the ambient temperature. These perturbations are represented by downward step functions to reflect the unanticipated change due to cloud passing. Reasonable nominal values and reasonably large drops of 90%, 0.15 and 15 ° C in the steam mass flow rate, vapor quality and ambient temperature, respectively, are identified and implemented into the transient simulations. The transient response of the fluidic and thermal characteristics of the condensing steam flows to the imposed perturbations are examined. Interestingly, prompt responses to the imposed perturbations are observed. The heat transfer coefficient increases sharply by around 160% and 150% upon the imposed perturbations in mass flow rate and ambient temperature, respectively, before reaching their corresponding quasi-steady state values. The findings have, therefore, implications in the design of air-cooled condensers which are subjected to sudden temporal variations in boundary conditions. • Abrupt increases in thermal characteristics appear on initiation of transients. • Transient steam flow is highly sensitive to perturbation in ambient temperature. • Condenser more affected by perturbation in ambient temperature than fouling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposed an integrated system model for an original spray flash vacuum distillation system that enhances and leverages the thermal non-equilibrium of the flash process via active vapor extraction to realize an internal heat recovery feature, in which partial heat from hotter vapor is recovered to cooler spray residue within the same stage of feed circulation. This system contains four interlinked sub-systems: (1) an evaporation chamber in which a vacuum-promoted spray flash vaporization occurs, with an active vapor extraction and an outflow of evaporation-cooled brine, (2) a recirculation loop of feed-brine mixture, with the circulation pump, feed heater, and spray nozzle, (3) a hybrid dual-condenser combination, with the internal heat recovery from condensing vapor to the recirculating feed and a secondary cooling by an external coolant, and (4) a vacuum source that maintains vacuum conditions to the entire system as well as discharges the non-condensable gases. The pressure of vapor phase, as the major interlinked operation parameter, is in order of sequential decrease from the evaporation chamber, through condensers, to the vacuum source while the depressurization level in each sub-system is strongly coupled with other transport characteristics such as flash vapor generation in the evaporation chamber or condensing vapor flow in condensers. Thus, the integrated system model is composed of four sub-models to describe the key processes in such four sub-systems. For the modeling validation, a lab-scale experimental system is developed to provide relevant measurements. Comparisons between model predictions against measurements show a good match. Major process characteristics (such as spray flash rate, yield rate, and operating temperatures and pressures) and operational thermodynamic characteristics (such as thermal consumption and heat recovery efficiency) are investigated parametrically. The system's multivariate impacts concerning distillate yield rate and heat recovery effectiveness are also studied with varied operating parameters. Results indicate the pronounced thermal non-equilibrium feature arising from the spray flash process can be effectively utilized via the internal heat recovery design of our system to recover up to more than half of the heat from the yield vapor. Meanwhile, the developed system model can effectively analyze various operational and parametric effects, proving valuable for system design and optimized operation. • The system model integrates strongly coupled sub-systems and can effectively predict processing characteristics. • The thermal non-equilibrium of spray flash is utilized via the proposed design to improve thermal efficiency. • The system's yield rate and heat recovery effectiveness are positively related to the superheat level and feed flow rate. • The modeling algorithm and proposed sub-models can be served for multi-stage system's design and optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The iceberg shape like condenser can efficient collect vapor in hot weather. • The introduction of a TG between photothermal and evaporation layer can decrease heat loss. • Excellent durability performance in solar steam desalination. • This ISWG may pave the way for industrial desalination. Interfacial solar steam generation has emerged as a promising eco-friendly and low-carbon emission technology to address the global water scarcity. So far, the majority of attention is paid to the improvement of the evaporation rate while the efficient vapor collection sector remains broadly unexploited. Herein, an inverted iceberg-inspired solar water generator (ISWG), consisting of a thermoelectric generator coated by a photothermal agent, a bilayer all-fiber nonwoven fabric and a passive cooling vapor condenser, is constructed. Inspired by the shape of an iceberg, the majority of the ISWG system is underneath the bulk water, leaving only the evaporation section floating on the water. This ISWG system not only avoids the vapor condensation induced solar input loss, but also transfers the heat to the surrounding bulk water, resulting in passive cooled and enhanced vapor collection. Moreover, a thermoelectric generator, which utilizes the temperature difference between the photothermal layer and evaporation layer, is sandwiched for thermal conduction in place of the traditional metal plate. The ISWG can achieve a high vapor collection rate of 1.02 kg m-2 h−1 and extra output electricity with a power of 0.47 W m−2 under sunlight with the ambient temperature at about 42 ℃. This work may pave the way for the development of an efficient solar-induced water-electricity co-generation system in tropical islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A high-performance passive check valve even without a subsidiary channel is proposed using topology optimization. • In PHPs with the single-diameter channel, the passive check valves improve the thermal performance by 48% and 81% in the vertical orientation and the horizontal orientation, respectively. • In PHPs with the dual-diameter channel, the passive check valves improve the thermal performance by 33% and 34% in the vertical orientation and the horizontal orientation, respectively. • It is found through high-speed photography that the passive check valves effectively make the working fluid flow 3.5 times more preferentially in one direction over the other. A passive check valve without a subsidiary channel that effectively increases the thermal performance of pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) is proposed. To realize this, topology optimization is employed to maximize the diodicity (Di) of the check valve. The proposed passive check valve consists of a pair of hook-shaped structures and has a Di value of 2.2. PHPs with overall dimensions of 53.5×80×1.5 mm3 are fabricated to investigate the effects of the passive check valve on the thermal performance and the flow behaviors of PHPs. A ten-turn closed-loop serpentine square channel with a height and an average width of 0.6 mm and 2 mm is engraved on a silicon plate and then covered with a glass plate for flow visualization. A total of twenty passive check valves are implemented into the entire channel at the locations where the condenser section and the adiabatic section meet. HFE-7000 is used as the working fluid and the filling ratio is fixed at 48% by volume. The experimental results on PHPs with the single-diameter channel show that the proposed passive check valves significantly improve the thermal performance of PHPs: 48% and 81% reduction in the thermal resistance in the vertical orientation and the horizontal orientation, respectively. Also, the experimental results on PHPs with the dual-diameter channel show that the passive check valves effectively improve the thermal performance over the wide operating range regardless of the orientation of PHPs: 33% and 34% reduction in the thermal resistance in the vertical orientation and the horizontal orientation, respectively. It is found through high-speed photography that this enhanced performance occurs because the passive check valves significantly increase the time-averaged volumetric fraction of vapor in the condenser section by 5 times from 0.09 to 0.45. This stems from the fact that the passive check valves effectively make the working fluid flow 3.5 times more preferentially in one direction over the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of a reliable and sufficient amount of water constitutes one of the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations. The provision of water is still challenging in many regions of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, where the precipitations are rare and there is no access to water bodies. We propose to use a water harvesting device based on high-performance membranes to produce water from air in a decentralized way. The device presents a single membrane stage to increase the purity of water vapor in air and a condenser to produce liquid water. We optimize the operating conditions to bring down the water cost to 3.2 cent/L when the water fraction in air is 3% and 5.0 cent/L when the water fraction is 2%. We also found that the increase of water vapor permeance up to 5 × 104 gas pemeation units is beneficial to cost reduction (between 2.2 and 3.0 cent/L) and that the losses due to concentration polarization can be reduced by designing properly the channel geometry. Finally, we simulated the yearly operation of a device located in a semi-arid region, by taking into account the variation of water vapor concentration in air, and we found attractive values of water cost, below 10 cent/L for most of the year. Thus, the proposed process can give an important contribution to the alleviation of water shortage issue in semi-arid regions. Importantly, it makes membrane-based process attractive for atmospheric water harvesting. [Display omitted] • Novel water harvesting process in semi-arid regions with high performance membranes. • Optimized parameters for membrane stage and condenser to reduce energy demand. • Effect of seasonal variation in humidity simulated. • Minimum water costs of 3.2 and 5 cent/L with water fraction of 3% and 2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Main photothermal materials and relevant improvement strategies are summarized. • Methods for ISVG component enhancement are analyzed and reviewed. • Recent progress at system-level designed strategies is also summarized. • Issues and challenges of interfacial solar vapor generation are presented. Interfacial solar vapor generation has recently emerged as a promising technology because of its high solar evaporation efficiency and many studies have been conducted from multilevel, i.e., material level, component level, and system level. However, there is still a lack of timely and systematic review of these studies. Thus, this study provides a state of the art review regarding the multilevel designs of interfacial solar vapor generation. At the material level, the study reviews the developments of atomic/molecular-scale designs and nano/micro-scale designs. The atomic/molecular-scale designs mainly involve energy band adjustment and molecular engineering; while the nano/micro-scale designs mainly include material composition regulation and material structure adjustment. At the component level, the study mainly focuses on the fast developments of the key components, such as the water supplier, thermal insulator, ambient air and water, and vapor condenser, and their interactions. Regarding the system-level design strategies, the study reviews and analyzes the latest progress in integrating interfacial solar vapor generation with other functional systems for round-the-clock water production, water-related application, and co-generation of freshwater and electricity. In the end, the study discusses and states the challenges faced and future research directions of this technology, especially on its wide and large-scale applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the problems with the gas turbine is the reduction of output power and thermal efficiency with an increase in the ambient temperature. This problem is serious, especially in hot and dry areas. To solve this problem, in this study, the connection of the steam jet refrigeration (VJRS) unit to a gas turbine is investigated. By designing a VJRS as an open cycle in this connection, in addition to cooling the inlet air, it is also possible to inject steam into the turbine as a steam-injected gas turbine (STIG) system. So in this process reducing the compressor power consumption and increasing the turbine output power are done simultaneously. With the possibility of injecting most of the steam into the turbine, in addition to the possibility of removing the condenser in the VJRS, the need for cooling water is also eliminated in this process. Therefore, by using a saltwater source to generate steam using the waste heat of the gas turbine, it is possible to increase its output power without the consumption of fresh water. Also compared to a combined cycle, is shown the ability of this process to increase the output power without needing to install additional expensive equipment. • Connecting the vapor jet refrigeration system to the steam injected gas turbine. • The steam is used for making of cooling and injecting to the turbine parallelly. • Reducing compressor power consumption and rising turbine output power parallelly. • Possible to delete condenser from vapor jet refrigeration system in this process. • No consuming freshwater by producing steam from a saltwater source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Process feasibility studies should consider a wide range of operating conditions if disturbances are likely to occur. • Combining residue curves and LLE diagrams allows a better understanding of the heteroazeotropic distillation unit. • The top vapor overcooling in the condenser and downstream decantation enhance the separation thermodynamic flexibility. When chemical processes involve the treatment of raw materials characterized by unstable properties over the year' s seasons, upstream perturbations could affect the downstream operation feasibility. This research work discusses how non-idealities can be exploited to enhance the flexibility of the operation for an ABE/W purification section. In particular, the effects of condenser overcooling on the allowed feed composition perturbations are analyzed in case of distillation process. For this purpose, an innovative methodology based on residue curve maps coupled with liquid-liquid equilibrium is presented. Calculations have been performed by means of an interface between the Simulis Thermodynamics®software for components characterization and Matlab. A graphical tool for mixtures up to four components is provided as well. This procedure extends the available methodology for the conventional distillation feasibility study by including specifications in terms of recovery ratio and by its generalization to distillation trains and Dividing Wall Columns as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel GT-KCS-ERC power-cooling system with GT inlet air precooling is proposed. • Thermodynamic and economic comparisons are conducted for GT-KCS-ERC and GT-KCS. • Parameter sensitivity analyses of seven key operation parameters are studied. • Multi-objective optimization of GT-KCS-ERC and GT-KCS is conducted by NSGA-II. In this paper, an innovative power-cooling integrated system based on gas turbine, Kalina cycle system, ejector refrigeration cycle (GT-KCS-ERC) is proposed. The ERC driven by GT flue gas and KCS low concentration liquid waste heat is utilized to precool GT inlet air for producing extra power from GT and provide some cooling capacity for users, simultaneously. The comprehensive thermodynamic and thermo-economic analyses are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of novel GT-KCS-ERC hybrid system by comparing with standalone GT-KCS system. Furthermore, the effects of seven key operation parameters on the system performances are investigated. The multi-objective optimization of GT-KCS-ERC hybrid system and standalone GT-KCS system is carried out through Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II, in which the objectives are maximum total energy efficiency and minimum levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The results show that the total energy efficiency of GT-KCS-ERC increases with increasing pinch point temperature difference of boiler Δ T KCS,boi and decreasing ammonia concentration of working solution in KCS, while that of standalone GT-KCS shows opposite trends. The LCOE of GT-KCS-ERC is lower than that of standalone GT-KCS as Δ T KCS,boi is larger than 21℃ or turbine inlet pressure of KCS is higher than 6.6 MPa. The optimal saturated evaporator temperature and pressure ratio of vapor generator to condenser in ERC with optimal refrigerant of R290 are 0℃ and 4, respectively. Under the optimal condition, the GT-KCS-ERC with an ERC secondary flow split ratio of 0.162 for precooling GT inlet air presents 219.4 kW more net power and 764.2 kW more cooling capacity than standalone GT-KCS system. The LCOE decreases by 0.802% and total energy efficiency increases by 5.347% in novel GT-KCS-ERC system comparing with standalone GT-KCS system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]