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El libro propone un mapeo genealógico de las identidades trans* en México a partir de representaciones literarias y audio-visuales desde finales del siglo XIX a los años 2010. El término “epistemografía”, neologismo forjado por el autor para describir la naturaleza del trabajo, alude a la capacidad que tienen los textos y las imágenes (grafías) de producir o reproducir conocimiento (epistemología) sobre las identidades disonantes (trans*) respecto a los códigos y normas hegemónicos de la formación de los sujetos sexuados. El objetivo es mostrar y analizar cómo, desde las representaciones literarias y audiovisuales, la figura del hombre afeminado del siglo XIX, que puede considerarse una matriz cultural de las identidades trans femeninas mexicanas, va evolucionando hacia la figura del homosexual afeminado (principios del siglo XX) para luego dar paso a la figura de la loca (años 1930) y a la de la mujer/chica trans a partir de los años 1970/1980. También se analiza cómo, respecto a las identidades disonantes trans*, corren dos líneas discursivas: la primera, trazada principalmente desde los discursos constituyentes hegemónicos, tiende a configurar una identidad estigmatizada y abyecta en la que pretende aislar a las personas trans*; la segunda, contra-discursiva, proviene de los propios sujetos estigmatizados que toman la palabra y las imágenes, sea para reproducir un tipo de discurso previamente forjado y “autorizado”, sea para deconstruir las lógicas estigmatizantes y oponerles discursos e imágenes desde otros marcos epistémicos más favorables y acordes a las identidades personales.

John Hardwig, “Epistemic Dependence”, The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 82, No. 7 (Juillet 1985), 3335-349; Je crois toutes sortes de choses dont je ne possède aucune preuve. Bien que je puisse imaginer ce que je devrais faire pour obtenir les preuves qui appuieraient chacune de mes croyances, je ne me crois pas capable de le faire pour toutes mes croyances. Je crois trop, trop de preuves sont requises (la plupart d'entre elles accessibles seulement après une longue formation spécialisée), l'intellect est trop petit et la vie, trop courte. Que dire, en tant qu'épistémologues, à propos de toutes ces croyances ?

International audience; Autobiografía de Samantha Flores, activista trans, nacida en 1932. Con un epílogo teórico sobre subjetivaciones trans*

This chapter notes the steady growth of children in residential care in France over the past two decades, which the authors suggest is due to a degraded social environment and an increase in unaccompanied minors. Important issues in the country include prevention of institutional abuse and avoiding sibling separation. In a novel program, children remain in the parental home but under the supervision of a team of professionals. Other innovations in some localities include residential care units where parents can share time and everyday activities over a weekend with children. Over the last two decades, residential placements have represented a decreasing share of out-of-home care. Parental autonomy is a focus throughout the placement experience. Residential care occurs in a variety of settings, including very small units. The chapter concludes with the matrix used throughout the book, which provides information about the current policy context, key trends and initiatives, characteristics of children and youth served, preparation of residential care personnel, promising programmatic innovations, and present strengths and challenges.

International audience; Empirical evidence is lacking that sheds light on the development and impact of experiential learning in business schools. The purpose of this study is twofold: to report on the integration of experiential learning, inspired by the pragmatist perspective, and to understand its impact on how students perceive their autonomy at the end of a research methodology seminar. We conducted two investigations on two cohorts of students, one qualitative and the other quantitative, as part of a mixed-methods approach. Our results indicate there are strong links between the students' perceived autonomy and the following three dimensions: the experiential project, the teamwork and the teacher's posture.; Nous manquons de résultats empiriques qui éclairent le développement et l'impact de pédagogies expérientielles en écoles de gestion. L'objectif de cette étude est double : rendre compte d'une initiative expérientielle inspirée par la perspective pragmatiste et apprécier son impact en termes d'autonomie perçue des apprenants en fin de moduleici un module de méthodologie de la recherche. Deux enquêtes sur deux cohortes sont mobilisées, qualitative puis quantitative, dans une approche mixte. Les résultats montrent les liens entre l'autonomie perçue et les trois dimensions du projet expérientiel, de l'équipe et de la posture de l'enseignant.

Artistic currents and social protest have long been intertwined. One of the most paradigmatic examples of similarities and proximities between those fields is surrealism. It appeared in the early 1920s as a movement, as it gathered on a collective basis various artists (poets, painters, filmmakers, carvers, photographers, etc.) who shared the same aesthetic principles. Those principles were expressed in manifestos that had been written by a charismatic leader, Andre Breton, whose authoritative methods led to repeated internal challenges, exclusions, and secessions. Like protesters who seek change to the social or political structure, the surrealists sought for a regeneration of the aesthetic norms of their time. Posing as an artistic vanguard, they violently challenged the dominant artistic forms of academism using provocation, scandal, and disruption. But the surrealists did not restrict their criticism to the world of aesthetics; they also set out to challenge the political order by joining the communist movement and by participating in various mobilizations, for example, against colonial wars. Other artistic movements – such as Cobra or Situationism – have adopted the same form of a collective vanguard that intends to challenge both the aesthetic values and the political order. Keywords: civil rights; music; peace

April 15th, 2019: Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris was burning, the spire collapsed on the nave, vaults crumbled and most of the timber roof was gone. In the post-disaster context, the authenticity and the monitoring of the archaeological remains are crucial for their potential reuse during reconstruction. This paper analyzes the collapsed transverse arch from the nave of Notre-Dame as a case study of reconstruction, using the digital twin framework. We propose four facets for the digital twin experiment—physical anastylosis, reverse engineering, spatio-temporal tracking of assets, and operational research—that are described in detail, while being assembled to support a hybrid reconstruction hypothesis. The digital twin can realize the parallel unfolding of physical-native and digital-native processes, while acquiring and storing heterogeneous information as semantically structured data. The results demonstrate that the proposed modeling method facilitates the formalization and validation of the reconstruction problem and increases solutions performances. As result, we present a digital twin framework application ranging from acquisition to data processing that informs a successful hybrid reconstruction hypothesis.

International audience; Gouvernement mixte et activités commerciales traversent l’œuvre de Gabriel Bonnot de Mably. Favorable au développement de l’agriculture, de l’industrie et du libre-échange, il reconnait cependant les effets corrupteurs que génèrent les sociétés commerciales. Il considère alors le système de contre forces comme le meilleur moyen de réconcilier les intérêts privés pour faire émerger un intérêt commun. Son programme de réforme constitutionnel pour la Pologne en est un bon exemple.

International audience; The historiography concerning Medieval Christian Muslim-Relations over the past sixty years has been shaped by two important books: Norman Daniel’s Islam and the West (1960) and Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978). Each of these works made significant contributions to the field, but each also had serious methodological limitations. Both works assumed and reinforced a conceptual divide between an imagined Christian West and Muslim East. Over the past several decades, some of the most interesting and important work in the field has challenged and reconceptualized this dichotomy.; La historiografía sobre las relaciones medievales entre cristianos y musulmanes durante los últimos sesenta años ha sido moldeada por dos libros importantes: Islam and the West (1960) de Norman Daniel, y Orientalism (1978) de Edward Said. Cada uno de estos trabajos hizo contribuciones significativas al campo, pero cada uno también tuvo serias limitaciones metodológicas. Ambas obras asumieron y reforzaron una división conceptual entre un Occidente cristiano imaginado y un Oriente musulmán. En las últimas décadas, algunos de los trabajos más interesantes e importantes en el campo han cuestionado y reconceptualizado esta dicotomía.

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International audience; Partant du constat que la non-lecture scolaire (phénomène qui consiste pour un élève à se dérober à l'obligation de lire les oeuvres prescrites par son enseignant de français) a été peu étudiée jusque-là aussi bien en didactique du français qu'en sociologie de la lecture, cet article fait l'hypothèse que les obstacles théoriques et méthodologiques d'une telle entreprise expliquent en partie ce retard. Exposant les difficultés auxquelles une recherche qui vise à comprendre qui sont les non-lecteurs scolaires et comment ils travaillent se heurte, l'article présente la méthodologie d'un travail doctoral construite à cet effet. Celle-ci suit une démarche ethnographique, inscrite à la croisée de la didactique de la littérature et des sciences sociales. L'article rend également compte de quelques résultats.

FNEGE 3, HCERES B; International audience; During a study on experiences of work during the COVID-19 crisis, the concept of “épreuve” (trial; ordeal) came to the fore. This notion allows us to reflect on the variety of experiences and pathways, emphasizing certain aspects: facing challenges, being put to the test, trials and tribulations, and existential experiences. The importance of trials in life and in the workplace has already been conceptualized by Martuccelli, Boltanski, and Pezé; more recently, Rosanvallon has emphasized the role of the emotions and expectations generated by these trials. Crises make certain trials more visible and acute, and highlight a growing dimension of management: that of helping employees face obstacles that also test management and oblige it to change.; Lors d’une étude sur l’expérience du travail durant la crise sanitaire, le concept d’épreuve s’est imposé. Il permet de penser la diversité des expériences et parcours, en soulignant les aspects de défi à surmonter, de mise à l’épreuve, d’expérience éprouvante et existentielle. L’importance de l’épreuve dans l’expérience et le travail a été conceptualisée notamment par Martuccelli, Boltanski et Pezé ; plus récemment Rosanvallon a mis en valeur le rôle des émotions et des attentes que suscitent les épreuves. Les crises rendent plus visibles et plus aigües certaines épreuves, et mettent en évidence une dimension grandissante du management : celle de contribuer à faire face à des épreuves qui le mettent à l’épreuve et le contraignent à se transformer.

International audience; Chaque année en France, près de 100 000 patient·es sont hospitalisé.es sans leur consentement en psychiatrie. Iels sont pris.es en charge selon le régime instauré en 2011, suite à une déclaration d’inconstitutionnalité de la précédente loi. Si la mise en place de la nouvelle loi relative aux droits et à la protection des personnes faisant l’objet de soins psychiatriques a requis la collaboration d’un grande nombre d’acteur·rices provenant d’horizons professionnels variés (juges, avocat.es, psychiatres, personnels administratif de l’hôpital), il semble qu’elle suscite aujourd’hui quasi unanimement la déception. Dans cet article, qui repose sur une enquête menée depuis 2021 dans l’un des plus grands hôpitaux psychiatrique français, les auteur·rices font le constat d’une tension entre la dimension éthique qui sous-tend la décision du Conseil constitutionnel – en mettant l’accent sur l’attention aux droits humains des personnes présentant des troubles mentaux ; et la difficulté, pour les acteur·rices concerné.es par sa mise en place, de lui donner une signification suffisante.

International audience; In this article, I analyse the functioning of convertible local currencies (CLC) through the economic base theory. I thereby highlight CLC' mechanisms that can contribute to the development of the territorial economy, in particular the internalisation of their members' demand inside their communities. Indeed, CLCs might impact the circulation of income within the local economy by limiting the outflow of income from the territory and increasing its circulation within the domestic sector. CLCs therefore fit more specifically into consumer base theory, which promotes endogenous territorial development by directing local demand towards local production. However, CLCs users gather only a fraction of local actors, their members having to choose to join and, for companies, to be certified by the managing organisations. CLCs therefore only support the development of specific communities, who share similar values and practices, but whose growth can transform territorial economies.Nevertheless, in order for the demand internalisation to really benefit the economic development of their sub-territorial community, it is necessary to determine whether it really irrigates productive activities and not only distribution ones. To investigate which part of the economy is mostly supported by the internalisation of the users’ demand, I analyse the digital transaction data from the SoNantes and the Eusko, two French CLCs. The two CLCs are essentially implanted in the domestic sectors. If the SoNantes integrates more companies dedicated to productive activities support than the Eusko, the two CLCs mainly irrigate activities geared towards distribution and household consumption. The circulation of income from these sectors to productive activities remains low, limiting their economic development support potential.; Dans cet article, nous analysons le fonctionnement des monnaies locales convertibles (MLC) au travers de la théorie de la base économique. Nous mettons ainsi en évidence les mécanismes des MLC pouvant favoriser le développement de l’économie territoriale, notamment l’internalisation de la demande de leurs membres. Les utilisateurs des MLC ne représentent qu’une fraction des acteurs du territoire. Les MLC soutiennent donc le développement de sous-communautés spécifiques, mais dont la croissance peut transformer les économies territoriales. L’analyse des données de transaction numérique de la SoNantes et l’Eusko dévoile les sphères économiques empiriquement soutenues par les MLC. Ainsi, ces deux MLC françaises s’implantent essentiellement dans les secteurs domestiques et si, la SoNantes intègre des entreprises dédiées au soutien à des activités productives, les deux MLC irriguent majoritairement des activités de distribution et de consommation courante à destination des ménages. La transmission des recettes perçues par ces secteurs à des activités productives demeure faible, limitant le réel potentiel de développement économique des MLC.

International audience; Classic corporate finance literature often emphasizes executive incentives, such as stock options, as a way to encourage risk-averse executives to adopt more risk-neutral stances. Behavioral finance studies also note the potential impact of personality variables. In a further step, the current study suggests the relevance of human biology, in the form of hormones, for predicting risk-taking. Experimental results affirm that stock-options contracts drive risk-neutral behavior, mainly due to a shift in focus from losses to gains. Among women, lower testosterone levels and higher cortisol levels encourage greater risk-taking; for men, the findings indicate an inverted U-shaped relationship between testosterone and risk-taking. These impacts are comparable in degree to the effects of contracts, for both their predictive power and economic effect. By establishing the impact of biological variables on risk-taking, this study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive behavioral approach to contract setting.

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International audience; In order to capture the environmental externalities of urban agglomeration, we use an agglomeration indicator referred to as economic density, which can be decomposed into the average population density and the concentration of population distribution. Our benchmark regressions use the ordinary least squares method and grid-level panel data for China and for the period 2000–2016. We find that economic density is positively correlated with PM2.5 concentration, and the effects of the two components of economic density are opposite. To address the endogeneity issues, the causal effect of economic density on PM2.5 concentration is estimated with an instrumental variable method. Empirical results show that the PM2.5 concentration increases with economic density, and the associated elasticity is between 0.045 and 0.079. The findings of our benchmark regressions are also supported by a variety of robustness checks. Moreover, while economic growth, the development of secondary industry, and the presence of coal-driven power plants explain why cities with more dense population are more polluted, residential energy use is an opposite channel through which cities with higher economic density can reduce air pollution. Overall, the total effect is a trade-off, and the negative environmental externalities of agglomeration are larger than positive environmental externalities.

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International audience; Nous présentons ici une synthèse de la littérature sur la famille au cours des dernières décennies en Afrique de l’Est. Les textes récents sur le sujet sont plutôt rares et émanent de perspectives disciplinaires différentes, avec leurs propres techniques d’enquête, donnéeset foci géographiques. Si cette diversité apparaît comme une richesse, elle complique les comparaisons interdisciplinaires et internationales, et ralentit la compréhension de tendances communes et des spécificités locales. L’Afrique de l’Est connaissant des changements sociauxrapides, une compréhension des nouvelles configurations familiales, de leurs forces et de leurs faiblesses est indispensable. Une perspective prometteuse à cet égard – « faire famille » – consiste à redéfinir la famille et la parenté dans une perspective interdisciplinaire et àdifférentes échelles.

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International audience; In 2011, the political events of the “Arab Spring” that spread in almost all Arab countries shed light on what were perceived as new actors, new forms, and new voices of youth political expression. Among the new actors, groups of football fans, known as Ultras, came to the forefront. The sociolinguistic aspects of their cultural productions have so far attracted little academic attention apart from a few papers dealing with emblematic songs that recently became popular protest chants. This paper aims at investigating a few characteristic linguistic features present in numerous Moroccan Ultras songs, such as language mixing and affrication, and comparing them with more general youth language practices. Do Ultras’ performances contribute to the generalization of certain youth traits as well as to the diffusion of a more global aesthetic and masculine ethos? The emotional aspect of the Ultras’ culture makes them “natural” candidates for expressing the people’s discontent, thus pointing to similarities between political slogans and Ultras songs.

FNEGE 1, HCERES A, ABS 4; International audience; Despite the economic and societal significance of microbusinesses (MBs), digital transformation (DT) efforts in the MB sector have been rather sporadic. Further, prior DT studies have primarily examined large- and mid-sized organisations, leaving a perceptible void in the literature. In this paper, we leverage the unique context of MBs and recognise the key role of microbusiness owner-managers (MBOMs) for the management and sustenance of DT initiatives. Specifically, we theorise the influence of MBOMs’ DT readiness in terms of their growth and technology mindsets contributing to their DT learning resources and processes. Drawing on qualitative data from a series of structured interviews and focus groups with MBOMs and other key stakeholders in the Irish MB digital ecosystem, we identify three MBOM digital transformer archetypes comprising unique configurations of MBOMs’ growth and technology mindsets, namely: champion digital transformers, emerging digital transformers, and aspiring digital transformers. For each of these archetypes, we explore the different learning capabilities and mechanisms through which MBOMs manage and sustain their digital transformation efforts. Our findings offer theoretical contributions to the fields of digital transformation in microbusinesses, digital leadership, and digital capabilities. Our study also has significant implications for policy and practice.

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International audience; The goal of this paper is to observe revision during handwritten text production of French students with and without dyslexia. Subjects with typical language development automate spelling during childhood and adolescence, progressively with experience, this enables them – according to capacity theory applied to written text production (McCutchen, 1996) to allocate more cognitive resources to higher-level processes (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1987). A lack of automation in spelling could result in poor compositional performance (Fayol & Miret, 2005). Moreover, Morken & Helland (2013) have shown that young children with dyslexia, engaged in a sentence dictation task, revise their text as much as control children, however their revisions are of lower quality. If students with dyslexia have not totally automated spelling (Author, 2016), what is the impact on higher-level processes, such as revision? Our goal is to examine if students with dyslexia and control students proofread their texts in the same way. Results show that they display some similarity but students with dyslexia seem to have a deficit in the error detection mechanism (Horowitz & Breznitz, 2011) and revisions are less efficient. We discuss these results by considering previous studies we conducted on spelling, speech and neuropsychological assessments of our dyslexic participants.

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International audience; This research is part of the Artificial Intelligence Virtual Trainer (AI-VT) project which aims to create a system that can identify the user's skills from a text by means of machine learning. AI-VT is a case-based reasoning learning support system can generate customized exercise lists that are specially adapted to user needs. To attain this outcome, the relevance of the first proposed exercise must be optimized to assist the system in creating personalized user profiles. To solve this problem, this project was designed to include a preliminary testing phase. As a generic tool, AI-VT was designed to be adapted to any field of learning. The most recent application of AI-VT was in the field of computer science specifically in the context of the fundamentals of algorithmic learning. AI-VT can and will also be useful in other disciplines. Developed in Python with the Keras API and the Tensorflow framework, this artificial intelligence-based tool encompasses a supervised learning environment, multi-label text classification techniques and deep neural networks. This paper presents and compares the performance levels of the different models tested on two different data sets in the context of computer programming and algorithms.

International audience; L’Accompagnant scolaire (AS) des élèves ayant des Besoins éducatifs particuliers (BEP) est un nouveau professionnel dont le statut n’est pas encore défini au niveau législatif au Liban. Il fait face à des situations professionnelles complexes qui génèrent des dilemmes et des tensions dans un espace commun qu’il est appelé à partager dans ses pratiques quotidiennes, en particulier avec l’enseignant. Nous avons recours à une analyse secondaire des données de nos recherches antérieures afin de comprendre comment sa situation professionnelle évolue dans l’intermétiers, à la lumière de deux axes de réflexion, à savoir l’organisation du travail et la collaboration interprofessionnelle. L’analyse montre que l’exercice du métier de l’accompagnant scolaire ne suit pas un seul modèle et présente des fluctuations selon les établissements scolaires; trois profils différents de la dynamique de travail AS/enseignant ont été retenus.

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International audience; IntroductionAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with a significant disease burden in France, where alcohol use is deeply rooted in culture. However, the treatment gap is large because of several barriers, including stigmatisation and drinkers' apprehension about total abstinence. However, standardised and evidence-based interventions based on controlled-drinking for people with AUD are lacking. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a novel community-based French therapeutic patient education (TPE) program for people with AUD named Choizitaconso.MethodsA before-after non-randomised quasi-experimental study, named ETHER, was designed and implemented with people living with AUD, over a period of 6 months. The primary outcome was percentage change in the number of alcohol-related harms experienced. Secondary outcomes were percentage changes in psycho-social patient-reported and community-validated outcomes. Participants in the intervention group (n = 34) benefited from the 10-week TPE program Choizitaconso, while the comparison group (n = 58) received standard care. The Kruskall–Wallis and chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare before-after changes in variables in both groups. Linear regression models were used to test for the effect of study group on each outcome and to test for the effect of alcohol consumption as a confounder.ResultsAt 6 months, all outcomes but one either remained stable or numerically improved in both groups. Internalised stigma significantly improved in the intervention group (p = 0.026) but not in the comparison group (p = 0.207), with a significant group effect (p = 0.014).Discussion and ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Choizitaconso TPE program on community-validated outcomes, especially internalised stigma.

International audience; La vida y la obra del celebérrimo pintor Pablo Ruiz Picasso están estrechamente vinculadas, como ha demostrado la crítica tras haber abordado su producción desde diferentes puntos de vista. El suicidio de su amigo Carles Casagemas fue el detonante del llamado “período azul”, primera gran etapa dentro del recorrido artístico del malagueño en la que se enfrenta el dibujante Tyto Alba en la novela gráfica La Vida, de 2016. En este estudio, analizaré de qué manera la novela gráfica permite arrojar luz, no solo sobre la historia de una amistad a través de una documentación nutrida acerca de Picasso y Casagemas, sino que, además, por medio de la intermedialidad, el cómic se convierte el vehículo de la pintura picassiana y testimonio gráfico de la bohemia finisecular francoespañola vivida por los dos artistas.

International audience; Pleistocene archaeology records the changing behaviour and capacities of early hominins. These behavioural changes, for example, to stone tools, are commonly linked to environmental constraints. It has been argued that, in earlier times, multiple activities of everyday life were all uniformly conducted at the same spot. The separation of focused activities across different localities, which indicates a degree of planning, according to this mindset characterizes later hominins since only 500,000 years ago. Simbiro III level C, in the upper Awash valley of Ethiopia, allows us to test this assumption in its assemblage of stone tools made only with obsidian, dated to more than 1.2 million years (Myr) old. Here we first reconstruct the palaeoenvironment, showing that the landscape was seasonally flooded. Following the deposition of an accumulation of obsidian cobbles by a meandering river, hominins began to exploit these in new ways, producing large tools with sharp cutting edges. We show through statistical analysis that this was a focused activity, that very standardized handaxes were produced and that this was a stone-tool workshop. We argue that at Simbiro III, hominins were doing much more than simply reacting to environmental changes; they were taking advantage of new opportunities, and developing new techniques and new skills according to them.

International audience; Interest in environment, society, and governance (ESG) issues has increased in accordance with the growth of ESG-related investment in Japan. Until recently, however, interest remained low in this country, which is unexpected, since Japanese firms have been characterized by stakeholder-oriented corporate governance. Thus, this study examined how Japanese firms address ESG issues, focusing on the corporate governance structure comprised of internally promoted managers, foreign shareholders, and independent directors. Using corporate-level raw data from 1522 listed firms from 2009 to 2016, this study shows that both internal managers and foreign shareholders promote ESG engagement from the consideration of corporate performance, whereas independent directors promote it from the consideration of stakeholder interests. Our empirical research exhibits that independent directors in Japanese firms have a dual function to represent shareholder and stakeholder interests.; L'intérêt pour les questions d'environnement, de société et de gouvernance (ESG) s'est accru au Japon, parallèlement à la croissance des investissements liés à l'ESG. Jusqu'à récemment, cependant, l'intérêt est resté faible dans ce pays. Ce qui est un peu inattendu, puisque les entreprises japonaises ont été caractérisées par une gouvernance d'entreprise orientée vers les parties prenantes. Cette étude a donc examiné comment les entreprises japonaises abordent les questions ESG, en se concentrant sur la structure de gouvernance d'entreprise composée de dirigeants promus en interne, d'actionnaires étrangers et d'administrateurs indépendants. En utilisant les micro-données brutes emanant de 1522 entreprises cotées entre 2009 et 2016, cette étude montre que les managers internes et les actionnaires étrangers encouragent l'engagement ESG en tenant compte de la performance de l'entreprise, alors que les administrateurs indépendants le font en tenant compte des intérêts des parties prenantes. Notre recherche empirique montre que les administrateurs indépendants des entreprises japonaises ont une double fonction de représentation des intérêts des actionnaires et des parties prenantes.Traduit avec www.DeepL.com/Translator (version gratuite)

Published online: 10 Jan 2023; International audience; This introduction discusses responses to ethno-racial discrimination in a hostile political environment, colour-blind France. The article presents the current characteristics of the French case, including data measuring ethnoracial discrimination. We outline the on-going role of state institutions and their agents in disqualifying minority claims, but also the recent turn against Islam and the hostility towards new movements against structural racism. We discuss how colour-blindness constrains both local policies and movements. We examine the consequences for individuals that experience discrimination and the collectives that fight against it. We highlight the various strategies that they adopt such as discretion, infrapolitical mobilization as well as tactical re-framing.

International audience; There is a gap in the literature for how organizational and individual factors affect teachers’ adjustment. This study, focused on teachers, attempts to fill this lack by examining the extents to which psychological need satisfaction acts as a mediator between organizational justice, resilience, and teachers’ adjustment to work. We based this study on the predictive model of psychological health at work (Boudrias et al., 2011), psychological adjustment theory (Dawis & Lofquist, 1984), and self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2017) which argue that individuals have a sense of well-being at work if it promotes the satisfaction of their needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. We tested our model in the education sector. Using a cross-sectional design, we asked French teachers (N = 393) to fill in a one-step self-report questionnaire. Mediation analyses showed that satisfaction of the three needs played a mediating role between organizational justice and job adjustment, and between resilience and job adjustment.; Il existe une lacune dans la littérature sur la façon dont les facteurs organisationnels et individuels affectent l'adaptation des enseignants. Cette étude, centrée sur les enseignants, tente de combler cette lacune en examinant dans quelle mesure la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques agit comme médiateur entre la justice organisationnelle, la résilience et l'adaptation/mesadaptation au travail des enseignants. Nous avons basé cette étude sur le modèle prédictif de la santé psychologique au travail (Boudrias et al., 2011), la théorie de l'ajustement psychologique (Dawis & Lofquist, 1984), et la théorie de l'autodétermination (Ryan & Deci, 2017) qui soutiennent que les individus ont un sentiment de bien-être au travail si celui-ci favorise la satisfaction de leurs besoins d'autonomie, de compétence, et de relation. Nous avons testé notre modèle dans le secteur de l'éducation. En utilisant un modèle transversal, nous avons demandé à des enseignants français (N = 393) de remplir un questionnaire d'auto-évaluation en une étape. Les analyses de médiation ont montré que la satisfaction des trois besoins jouait un rôle médiateur entre la justice organisationnelle et l'adaptation au travail, et entre la résilience et l'adaptation au travail.

International audience; This study explores the relations between the International Statistical Institute (ISI) and Turkey during the early republican period. It investigates the ISI’s influence in Turkish statistical reform from the mid- to late-1920s through a Belgian expert who led this reform and conducted the Turkish Republic’s first population census. The study proposes to consider the ISI as an international authority and expert space for the negotiation of conventions of quantification, which contributed to the formation of an international statistical system. Focusing on the case of Turkey in the process of modernization and nation-building during the 1920s, it analyses how this international framework structured national quantification policies outside the Western world, and what this meant for state organization and social order.