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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Artemisa ordosica alcohol extract on rumen environment of dairy cows by in vitro culture experiment, and to screen the optimal dosage of Artemisa ordosica alcohol extract. The rumen fluid was collected from four healthy Holstein cows with the same lactation period and similar body condition as the rumen fluid donor. In vitro culture experiment was divided into 4 groups. The control group was fed with a 4∶6 ratio of concentrate to crude as the fermentation substrate without Artemisa ordosica alcohol extract, and the experimental groups were added 0.03% (experiment group 1), 0.3% (experiment group 2) and 3.0% (experiment group 3) Artemisa or⁃ dosica alcohol extract, respectively (DM basis). Gas production was respectively recorded after fermented for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h, and the culture solution samples were collected. Rumen fermentation parameters such as pH, NH3-N concentration and VFA content were determined, and evaluate the comprehensive index of multiple index (MFAEI). The results showed as follows: with the extension of culture time, the gas production of each group increased. Except for experiment group 1 and experiment group 2, the pH of rumen fluid in other groups showed a downward trend and was in the normal range (6.0-7.5) after 3-6 h of culture. The concentration of NH3-N in each experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group from 3-12 h, and the concentration of NH3-N in the experiment group 2 and experiment group 3 were lower than that in the control group at 24 h. Each experiment group significantly reduced the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in each component, and the changes in the experiment group 2 were comparable to the control group and both were better than the other two dose groups. According to the change of rumen parameters, combined with the multiply factor associative effects index result, it is more suitable to promote the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows in vitro when the dosage of Artemisa ordosica alcohol extract is 0.3% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to establish the HPLC fingerprints of Artemisia Ordosica Krasch. annua alcohol extract under different condensation reflux extraction conditions in water and methanol solubilization conditions, and to analyze the correlation between the pharmacodynamic indexes and the fingerprints to further reveal the pharmacodynamic substances of Artemisia Ordosica Krasch. alcoholic extracts. Artemisia Ordosica Krasch. extracts were obtained by condensation reflux extraction, and the HPLC fingerprint of Artemisia Ordosica Krasch. extracts in alcohol solution was established by HPLC. A total of 10 common peaks were marked, and the similarity of the fingerprint was between 0.979 and 1.000, with good stability. In vitro antibacterial test was carried out on the obtained Artemisia Ordosica Krasch. extracts, and the in vitro antibacterial test showed the antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. The spectral-effective relationship was analyzed by combining the fingerprint and the results of the antibacterial test, and the common peaks playing a role were analyzed by gray correlation. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration of 65%, water bath temperature of 95 ℃, solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 9, water bath time of 2 hours. The extracted components exhibited similar profiles under each extraction condition. Moreover, a strong correlation (greater than 0.6) was observed between the bacteriostatic effect and ten common peaks, while four peaks showed an even higher correlation (greater than 0.8). Therefore, the antibacterial effect of Artemisia Ordosica Krasch. extracts was the result of the synergistic effect of multiple components. The effective peaks of the antibacterial active components of Artemisia Ordosica Krasch. extracts were preliminarily determined by the correlation between the fingerprint and the antibacte‐ rial effect, and the effective peaks of Artemisia Ordosica Krasch. extracts with antibacterial effect were screened out, which provided a reference for the basic research and application of antibacterial sub‐ stances of Artemisia Ordosica Krasch. extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]