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Nowadays, the palm of superiority in elective surgery belongs to the problem of hernias. According to the literature worldwide, more than 20 million patients undergo surgical treatment for hernia of the anterior abdominal wall every year, most of whom undergo alloplasty using various kinds of nets. The study of the influence of methods for fixing implants and the emerging local inflammatory response of tissues on the frequency of relapses after allognioplasty is devoted to isolated works. Aim of the study was to investigate in an experiment the characteristics of the reaction of local tissues when implanting a rigid monofilament mesh polypropylene implant with a shape memory effect, and a classic mesh endoprosthesis made of monofilament polypropylene (PP) with various methods of fixing implants. Material and methods. An experimental study on 60 white male Wistar rats was performed to identify tissue reaction features around the PP mesh. Group 1 animals (n = 30) were implanted with a rigid mesh monofilament PP implant (Herniamesh, Italy) with shape memory effect, group 2 animals (n = 30) – with a classic mesh endoprosthesis made of monofilament PP for soft tissue repair ESFIL® standard (Lintex, Russia). Biopsies were examined at 1, 2, 3 months after implantation of the PP mesh. Results. A morphological study showed that 1 month after the implantation of a rigid mesh monofilament PP implant, the inflammatory reaction is less obvious than when implanting a classical PP endoprosthesis. This reaction contributed to the earlier germination of collagen fibers around the rigid implant monofilaments. At 2 and 3 months after the implantation of PP nets in both groups of animals, there were no advantages as the regenerate formed. Conclusions. When introducing PP mesh with suture fixation and rigid monofilament PP mesh without fixation, there is a natural response to the integration of the endoprosthesis, which is characterized by aseptic inflammation followed by pronounced fibrosis around the implant. Such processes, occurring in response to the implantation of synthetic polypropylene nets, increase local mechanical tissue resistance, and can create additional strength against recurrence of inguinal hernias.

Despite the large arsenal of diagnostic methods for studying the lymphatic system, there are isolated works on its morpho-functional state in chronic venous insufluciency. The purpose of the study was to study the anatomical and physiological state of the surface lymphatic system of the lower extremities in persons with different clinical classes of chronic vein diseases using fluorescence lifography. The study was conducted in 105 patients divided into six groups according to the clinical class of chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities according to the CEAP classiffication. We used fluorescent lymphography using sodium fluorescein to study the anatomical and functional capabilities of the lymphotone. The study revealed that morphofunctional changes in superficial lymphatic vessels in chronic lower extremity vein diseases depend on venous system decompensation. With an increase in the clinical class of chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities, the rate of lymph flow through the superficial lymphatic vessels is statistically significantly reduced. At the same time, the antegrade lymph cell is completely absent in С5-С6, with the appearance of retrograde outflow and discharge of the lymph into the deep lymph vessels. Thus, the progression of chronic venous insufficiency leads to proportional progression of morphofunctional changes in the superficial lymphatic system, which leads to the formation of lymphovenous insufficiency.

The risks of reducing the stability of buildings and structures are increasing in conditions of climate change and the active development of the territories under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. The main causes include: loss of the bearing capacity of frozen soils, various geocryological processes, errors at the stages of design, construction and operation of facilities. Main actual task when conducting research and industrial operations in the cryolithozone is monitoring and, if necessary, managing thermal processes in the permafrost layers interacting with facilities. In this article the obtained positive experience of various technologies applying at various stages of the life cycle of civil and industrial facilities was analyzed. It helps to eliminate or prevent the structure deformation or destruction under the influence of climate change. The methods of permafrost stabilization used in the oil and gas industry in process of industrial infrastructure development of the fields have been studied – freezing (cooling) of foundation soils during construction on heterogeneous foundations. The solution to the problems of minimizing accidents when locating production wells in the permafrost zone of the Yamal Peninsula is considered using the example of an oil and gas condensate field and restoring of the temperature regime of perennial unfrozen soils in areas of valve units of main gas pipelines. An assessment of methods used to maintain the industrial and residential infrastructure within the northern municipalities that ensure the functioning of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation in the Arctic was made. The systems of thermal stabilization in the foundations of buildings and industrial facilities built and operated on permafrost soils allow to fully use the high strength and low deformability of frozen grounds. It ensures the state's long-term plans of the industrial development in the Arctic.

Relevance. Tension-free herniolasty of the anterior abdominal wall is currently the accepted standard for large ventral hernia repairing. The implementation of this approach has been marked by a significant improvement in treatment outcomes. The issues of improving the quality of life of patients after surgery and their effective rehabilitation through the application of the optimal technique of tension-free hernioplasty are now at the forefront.Objective. To compare the immediate and long-term results of treatment of patients with large postoperative midline ven­tral hernias using anterior and posterior techniques of separation of abdominal wall components.Object and methods. 114 patients with large postoperative midline ventral hernias were divided into two groups: the patients of the first group (38 patients) underwent hernioplasty using the anterior separation technique, and the patients of the second group (76 patients) - posterior separation. We evaluated the immediate (complica­tions in the area of surgery, duration of surgical wound drainage and duration of hospitalization) and long-term (functional restoration of the abdominal wall) results of treatment with subsequent comparative analysis of data between the groups using descriptive statistics methods.Results. The present study is the first to compare the immediate and long-term results of using anterior and posterior techniques for separation of anterior abdominal wall components during surgery for midline ventral hernias. It was found that both variants demonstrate good immediate and long-term results in the treatment of patients with median postoperative ventral hernias of large size. At the same time, the anterior separa­tion technique is accompanied by a significantly higher number of complications and, accordingly, is characterized by a higher risk of their de­velopment, as well as requires a longer stay of the patient in the hospital.

Background: Complex graft bioengineering is an actual topic in bone defects’ repair. For those, different scaffolds may be seeded with mesenchymal stromal cells and growth / differentiation factors. The natural role of platelet factors in reparative processes justifies the possibility of its usage for mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts in vitro in terms of the scaffold-based bioengineering. To develop and evaluate in vitro biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of a complex biograft based on a bioorganic scaffold seeded with human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and saturated with growth and differentiation factors of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma. Results: The properties of viability and adhesion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in four types of bioorganic scaffolds were evaluated with biochemical and immunomorphological methods. Scaffold with the least cytotoxicity was used as a basis for complex biograft formation, so as a carrier for cells and platelet-derived factors. Then, cell proliferation activity and osteogenic differentiation were estimated with biochemical, morphological, histochemical and molecular-biological methods. The study showed high viability of cells in all bioorganic scaffolds but the least cytotoxicity was the one based on xenogeneic collagen sponge. We also found that allogeneic platelet-rich plasma positively affects the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in a complex biograft in vitro. Conclusions: The properties of the developed complex biograft characterize its biocompatibility and osteoconductivity and make it potentially suitable for regenerative medicine, particularly for reconstructive surgery of bone defects.How to cite: Danilkovich NN, Kosmacheva SM, Ionova AG, et al. Formation of osteoconductive biograft with bioorganic scaffold, human mesenchymal stromal cells, and platelet rich plasma with its evaluationin vitro. Electron J Biotechnol 2024;69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2024.01.004.

In this study, novel anion photo-responsive supramolecular hydrogels based on cysteine–silver sol (CSS) and iodate anions (IO3−) were prepared. The peculiarities of the self-assembly process of gel formation in the dark and under visible-light exposure were studied using a complex of modern physico-chemical methods of analysis, including viscosimetry, UV spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the dark phase, the formation of weak snot-like gels takes place in a quite narrow IO3− ion concentration range. The visible-light exposure of these gels leads to an increase in their viscosity and dramatic change in their color. The morphology of gels alters after light irradiation that is reflected in the formation of a huge number of spherical/elliptical particles and the thickening of the fibers of the gel network. The interaction of CSS with IO3− anions has features of a redox process, which leads to the formation of silver iodide/silver oxide nanoparticles inside and on the surface of CSS particles. CSS possesses selectivity only to IO3− anions compared to many other inorganic ions relevant for humans and the environment. Thus, the CSS/IO3− system is non-trivial and can be considered as a novel low-molecular-weight gelator with photosensitive properties, as another way to produce silver iodide nanoparticles, and as a new approach for IO3− ion detection.