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The current stage of economic development is aimed at actively introducing innovations into all spheres of society, including financial control and auditing. This has led to the emergence of two closely related concepts: audit of innovation activity and innovation audit, which many researchers consider synonymous. The audit of an organization's innovation activity, as a tool for monitoring the creation and implementation of innovations, is designed to assess the compliance of management decisions with the adopted strategy of innovative development and, ultimately, to enhance business competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to determine the subject of innovation audit based on the systematization of theoretical studies of the areas of audit of innovative activities within organizations and the analysis of opinions from business community representatives to identify the factors determining the subject of innovation audit in real business contexts. The study’s objectives were achieved using methods of comparative analysis, quantitative and statistical analysis, deduction and induction. The research materials included data from an expert survey of managers and specialists in economic services of organizations in the Vitebsk region. As a result of a theoretical examination of the essence of audit innovation activities and innovation audit, a differentiation of these concepts is proposed. Innovation audit is associated with innovations in technologies for collecting, processing and analyzing information about various aspects of business activity, including innovation. In contrast, audit of innovation activities has its own distinct subject and is specified by a number of special control and consulting procedures. The research highlights the versatility of the subject of innovation audit, encompassing an assessment of the organization’s innovative potential, the level of novelty of developments, the commercialization possibilities, accurate accounting for innovation costs, the effectiveness of innovation activities by comparing the costs of innovation and organization’s benefits; identification and elimination of violations in the use of targeted financing; prevention of adverse regulatory decisions, including the use of tax benefits; recommendations for optimizing the organization's innovation policy. The study concluded that business’ size, ownership form, and sources of financing for innovations were determined as factors influencing the selected areas of audit services.

The purpose of the research was to study the dynamics of residual infectious activity of SARS-CoV-2 virus strains belonging to different genovariants, on different types of surfaces, in samples of drinking dechlorinated water at 24–28 °C, as well as their resistance to disinfectants.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out using SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strains obtained from the State Collection of Causative Agents of Viral Infectious Diseases and Rickettsiosis, which operates at the premises of the SSC VB “Vector”. The evaluation of the residual infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus was carried out through titration of samples in cell culture.Results and discussion. The conducted studies have confirmed the ability of all investigated strains of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus to maintain their infectious activity at 24–28 °C on most of the examined types of test surfaces for at least 48 hours, while the virus is best preserved on stainless steel and plastic. All studied strains of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus are viable in drinking dechlorinated water for at least 48 hours. In addition, it has been found that all of them are sensitive to disinfectants of different groups, widely used for disinfection when working with pathogenic biological agents or for treating hands and surfaces contaminated with viruses. Chlorine-containing disinfectants are the most active. Skin antiseptics based on ethyl and isopropyl alcohols are suitable for disinfecting hands and objects contaminated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

The problem of optimal recovering high-order mixed derivatives of bivariate functions is studied. For numerical differentiation, a new version of the truncation method is proposed. It is established that this algorithm is order-optimal both in the sense of accuracy and in terms of the amount of involved discrete information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of optimal recovering high-order mixed derivatives of bivariate functions with finite smoothness is studied. Based on the truncation method, an algorithm for numerical differentiation is constructed, which is order-optimal both in the sense of accuracy and in terms of the amount of involved Galerkin information. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the fact that our approach can be implemented successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unsupervised domain adaptation problem with covariate shift assumption is considered. Within the framework of the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space concept, an algorithm is constructed that is a combination of the Nyström subsampling and the iterated Tikhonov regularization. This approach allows significantly reduce the amount of computing resources involved and at the same time achieves the minimal (by order) approximation accuracy under the big data settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'arthrose est une pathologie de l'articulation, impliquant l'ensemble des tissus de cette dernière. Ces dernières années, des auteurs ont mis en évidence le rôle potentiel du tissu adipeux de Hoffa. Son rôle exact reste à déterminer, il semblerait présenter des caractéristiques suggérant son implication dans le développement de l'arthrose. Le muscle est un autre tissu dont l'implication est discutée, notamment le quadriceps. Certains auteurs ont montré qu'il pouvait présenter un tissu adipeux intramusculaire (IMAT), et que sa présence pouvait être associée au développement de la pathologie arthrosique. L'objectif de notre travail est de comparer les caractéristiques du tissu adipeux de Hoffa avec celles de l'IMAT et sous cutané chez des patients arthrosiques et uniquement pour le Hoffa chez des témoins non arthrosiques. Du tissu adipeux de Hoffa, sous cutanée péri-articulaire et quadricipital ont été prélevé chez des patients bénéficiant d'une chirurgie prothétique du genou. Du tissu de Hoffa a été prélevé chez des sujets non radiologiquement arthrosique devant bénéficier d'une amputation du membre inferieur. Une analyse histologique a été réalisée avec une quantification de la fibrose, une recherche en qPCR des gènes de la lipogenèse (HSL, ATGL), de l'adipogénèse (PPARγ FABP4, CD36), des marqueurs matriciels (COL 1, COL 6, SPARC), des marqueurs mécano sensibles (PIEZO 1), ainsi que l'expression de cytokines, leptine, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, MMP-1 et du TNFα. 28 patients arthrosiques bénéficiant d'une chirurgie prothétique ont été inclus ainsi que 4 témoins non arthrosiques. Nous avons retrouvé de la fibrose dans les trois tissus adipeux analysés chez les sujets arthrosiques, avec un pourcentage plus important dans le Hoffa en comparaison à l'IMAT (49,9 ± 18,5 % vs control : 25,2 ± 19,8, p = 0,0001), et en comparaison au tissu de Hoffa des sujets sains (Figure 1). L'expression de gènes codant pour des protéines impliquées dans la fibrose (SPARC, COL1, COL6) au sein du tissu de Hoffa et IMAT des sujets arthrosiques a été détectée. Les gènes de l'adipogénèse (FABP4 , PPARγ , CD36) sont aussi exprimés dans les différents tissus mais en plus grande quantité dans le muscle par rapport au Hoffa des sujets arthrosiques (Figure 1). Notre étude montre un processus fibrotique nettement plus important dans le tissu de Hoffa par rapport aux autres tissus adipeux et notamment l'IMAT chez un même sujet. Nous montrons qu'il existe effectivement un tissu adipeux intramusculaire et que celui-ci présente une fibrose chez les sujets arthrosiques. La différence d'envahissement fibrotique au niveau du Hoffa entre arthrosiques et non arthrosiques semble suggérer l'existence d'un lien entre arthrose et fibrose qui pourrait être sous tendu par l'inflammation. La moindre fibrose au sein de l'IMAT, distant du cartilage, suggère un rôle de molécules de l'inflammation issues de la dégradation du cartilage mais surtout une action systémique. Cette étude est la première à mettre en évidence de la fibrose dans différents tissus adipeux extra ou intra articulaires, chez une même population atteinte de gonarthrose. Il s'agit d'une étape importante pour mieux comprendre le processus de fibrose du tissu adipeux chez les sujets arthrosiques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of numerical differentiation for periodic bivariate functions with finite smoothness is studied. To achieve stable approximations, we investigate some variants of the Fourier truncation method. Estimates of the accuracy and volume of the used Fourier coefficients are found for the constructed methods. We perform numerical experiments that confirm correctness of our theoretical conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To evaluate the antitumor efficacy of our developed drug based on cytotoxic T lymphocytes genetically modified with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific to the CA125 antigen in relation to both CA125-positive and CA125negative cell cultures.Materials and methods. We performed an in vitro study on CA125-positive human ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3, OVKATE) and CA125 negative cells (breast cancer MCF 7, embryonic kidney HEK293). Cytotoxic effects on tumor cells were evaluated after 0, 4, 8 and 24 hours using the 3’-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) tests. We also studied the changes in the number of cells “in real time” when exposed to transfected lymphocytes using the RTCA iCELLIgence device (ACEA Biosciences, USA). Lymphokineactivated killer (LAK) cells were used as a specificity control.Results. The study demonstrated that anti-CA125 CAR-T lymphocytes exhibited a pronounced cytotoxic effect on OVCAR-3 and OVKATE cell cultures, exceeding the effect of LAK by 1.3 times. The cell population in the experimental samples decreased by 70 ± 4%, which exceeded the LAK effect by 9 ± 8.2%. With regard to the MCF-7 cell line, the cytotoxic effect of anti-CA125 CAR-T lymphocytes was minimal as evidenced by a 25.8% decrease in the relative number of live cells in comparison to the LAK cytotoxicity of 68%. Real-time monitoring of cell proliferation and viability proved a high specific cytotoxic effect of anti-CA125 CAR-T lymphocytes against tumor cultures expressing CA-125, while inferior to LAK in cultures not expressing CA125 (MCF-7, HEK293).Conclusions. The use of anti-CA125 CAR-T lymphocytes against CA125-positive tumor cell lines OVCAR-3 and OVKATE demonstrated a pronounced specific cytotoxic effect exceeding the cytotoxic effect of LAK, which was not achieved against CA125-negative MCF-7 and HEK293 cells.

Introduction. The absence of specific clinical symptoms in the early stages of colorectal cancer development leads to the fact that a quarter of patients who seek help for the first time have a metastatic stage of the disease. For the timely detection of pre-tumor disorders or hidden foci of malignancy, the possibilities of modern molecular biological technologies are being actively studied today.Aim. To develop a method for diagnosing tumor diseases of the colon based on molecular genetic analysis of morphologically unchanged intestinal epithelium distant from the focus of the tumor lesion.Materials and methods. We examined the matrix RNA (mRNA) expression profile of 63 candidate genes potentially associated with the pathogenesis of neoplastic changes in rectal mucosal samples. Samples were obtained during prophylactic and/or diagnostic video colonoscopy of 122 patients, 41 of whom had no history of breast cancer (“Normal”), 32 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer polyps (“Polyposis”) and 49 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer (“colorectal cancer”). mRNA expression was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results. Using the discriminant analysis method, it was established that the cellular material of scrapings from the rectum in the “colorectal cancer” group reliably, with a classification accuracy above 96 %, differs in expression phenotype from the “Normal” and “Polyposis” groups.Conclusion. The data obtained are a prerequisite for the development of a minimally invasive diagnostic method that can be used as part of an outpatient examination to assess the risk of colon tumor disease.