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This study introduces the Orbit Weighting Scheme (OWS), a novel approach aimed at enhancing the precision and efficiency of Vector Space information retrieval (IR) models, which have traditionally relied on weighting schemes like tf-idf and BM25. These conventional methods often struggle with accurately capturing document relevance, leading to inefficiencies in both retrieval performance and index size management. OWS proposes a dynamic weighting mechanism that evaluates the significance of terms based on their orbital position within the vector space, emphasizing term relationships and distribution patterns overlooked by existing models. Our research focuses on evaluating OWS's impact on model accuracy using Information Retrieval metrics like Recall, Precision, Interpolated Average Precision (IAP), and Mean Average Precision (MAP). Additionally, we assess OWS's effectiveness in reducing the inverted index size, crucial for model efficiency. We compare OWS-based retrieval models against others using different schemes, including tf-idf variations and BM25Delta. Results reveal OWS's superiority, achieving a 54% Recall and 81% MAP, and a notable 38% reduction in the inverted index size. This highlights OWS's potential in optimizing retrieval processes and underscores the need for further research in this underrepresented area to fully leverage OWS's capabilities in information retrieval methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of the food chain due to technological advances has had significant implications in regard to food safety. A noteworthy trend in this evolution relates to the emergence of new or previously unseen pathogens within products, thereby altering the landscape of foodborne illness epidemiology. The escalating frequency of these events underscores the need for a comprehensive re-evaluation of preventive strategies. The occurrence of novel species of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and unusual biotoxins from unexpected sources has challenged the previous limits that had been set to prevent foodborne illness outbreaks. The repercussions, ranging from detrimental effects on public health to economic burden, are influenced by a myriad of factors affecting the evolution of foodborne pathogens and emerging ailments. Among these factors are shifts in population demographics and behaviors, especially dietary patterns, as well as climate extremes, advances in more precise pathogen detection, microbial adaptation, evolving agricultural practices, and transformative changes within the food industry. This review critically examines the impact of technological metamorphosis along the food chain, encompassing production, processing, handling, packaging, storage, transportation, and industry demographics on the dynamics influencing the emergence of foodborne pathogens. Additionally, potential solutions to mitigate and manage this escalating issue are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Three Mile Island Unit 2 accident, regulatory bodies were concerned about the safety measures in design and operation corresponding to the operator's decisions and procedures for handling such off-normal transients. Several recommendations were proposed to analyze transients and accidents, improve and revise emergency operating procedures (EOPs), and conduct functional training. In this work, procedural paths were systematically studied to identify the problems in the diagnosis associated with a pilot-operated relief valve (PORV)-break loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) as well as to suggest new indications for improving the EOPs. Operational parameters during PORV-break LOCA and pipeline-break small-break LOCA were analyzed using a generic pressurized water reactor simulator to compare and justify the symptoms between these two events. It was found that suggesting further indications mainly in the reactor cooling system and containment symptoms may improve the diagnosis of a PORV-break LOCA from the pipeline-break small-break LOCA. This paper presents a practical approach to evaluating diagnostic procedures to better understand operator recovery actions corresponding to reactor system response in dealing with a PORV-break LOCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Qur'anic legislation had several features that make it a complete legislation. That falsehood does not come to it from before it or from behind it, and among those important features is that it is a legislation based on the care of purposes upon which all its rulings revolved, and these purposes, although they are achieved by those legislations, are still becoming clear and unfolding on the one hand. On the other hand, some verses of the Holly Qur'an were revealed according to some reasons. These verses are verses that included provisions, and since they included those provisions, and the provisions took into account the purposes, these reasons are considered a clear practical example that appears and highlights that those provisions were revealed to take into account those purposes. Among the Qur'anic legislations were those legislations whose purpose was to maintain security in society. These legislations were enacted through verses that were revealed according to the reason for revelation. The reason for revelation was a practical example of observing the Sharia to maintain community security. What the study has been exposed to as proven models for that claim are examples of punishment legislation in the Qur'an as the limit of robbery and the limit of theft and the legislation of curse and examples of the legislation of some morals such as those contained in Surat Al-Hujurat such as the order to verify the news and the order to reform in the event of fighting between Muslims and the prohibition of ridicule and renounce racism. The study was thus a way to clarify the relationship between these legislations, which were combined with the goal of maintaining security in society, and this goal through the reason for the descent, which represents that relationship in a practical way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]