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Gurami fish is a freshwater fish commodity that is very popular with the public because of the deliciousness of gurami fish meat, therefore many efforts have been made to cultivate gurami fish, namely in terms of growing and increasing consumption of fish production in a more modern way, one of which is in the artificial feed section which uses astaxanthin additives. The aims of the research: to analyze the effect of astaxanthin in high-fat feed on the growth of gurami fish; determine the optimal dose of astaxanthin in high-fat feed on the growth of gurami fish.

The product of processing snakehead fish into crackers by adding moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera) is the latest innovation in making food ingredients that can increase the nutrients, protein and fiber in the resulting snakehead fish crackers. This research aims to increase the added value of snakehead fish crackers by adding moringa leaf extract in the processing process.

The purpose on this research is to analyze and evaluate the survival and growth of the snakehead larvae (Channa striata) with different natural feeds. This study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Snakehead larvae were kept in an aquarium containing 15 L of water for 30 days with a density of 2 fish/L. Feeding composition in treatment A (75% Artemia: 25% Rotifer), treatment B (50% Artemia: 50% Rotifer), treatment C (25% Artemia: 75% Rotifer).The result showed that the provision of natural feed with different compositions had no significant effect on the survival of snakehead larvae, and had a significant effect on the growth of the length and absolute body weight of the fish where optimal results were found in treatment A using a natural feed composition of 75% Artemia and 25% Rotifer.

Background: Glenoid and humeral head bone defects are common in chronic shoulder instability. The talus, and more specifically, the subtalar joint, has been proposed as a unique allograft from which bipolar bone loss can be addressed. However, there are few biomechanical data or joint reconstruction analyses of the glenoid using the posterior facet of a subtalar joint allograft (STA)., Purpose: To compare the contact mechanics of an STA versus a coracoid graft (Latarjet procedure) versus a distal tibial allograft (DTA) for anatomic glenoid reconstruction., Study Design: Controlled laboratory study., Methods: A total of 8 fresh-frozen, unpaired cadaveric specimens underwent repeated-measures biomechanical testing in 5 stages: native (intact) state, bone loss (30% glenoid bone defect), Latarjet procedure, glenoid reconstruction using a DTA, and glenoid reconstruction using an STA. A compressive load of 440 N was applied to the glenohumeral joint when the humerus was mounted to a dynamic tensile testing machine in 3 shoulder positions: 30° of abduction, 60° of abduction, and 60° of abduction with 90° of external rotation (ER). Average contact pressure, contact area, and peak contact pressure were determined from the sensors. Surface area and surface congruency were calculated using a custom script. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance., Results: There was a significantly higher surface area with glenoid reconstruction using the DTA (859 ± 78 mm 2 ; P = .005) than with glenoid reconstruction using the STA (806 ± 88 mm 2 ; P < .001) and the Latarjet procedure (692 ± 91 mm 2 ). Surface congruency was significantly better with reconstruction using the DTA (2.0 ± 0.3 mm; P = .003) or the STA (1.9 ± 0.3 mm; P = .004) than with the Latarjet procedure (2.6 ± 0.4 mm). In all shoulder positions, the average contact pressure in the bone loss state was significantly higher than that in the native state ( P < .05). All repair states restored average contact pressure to the native state at 60° of abduction and 60° of abduction with 90° of ER. There was less contact area after the Latarjet procedure than in the native state at 30° and 60° of abduction ( P = .009 and P = .040, respectively). There was no significant difference in contact area and peak contact pressure after reconstruction with the DTA or STA compared with the native state., Conclusion: Anatomic glenoid reconstruction using a DTA or STA restored average contact pressure, peak contact pressure, and contact area at 60° of abduction and 60° of abduction with 90° of ER in a cadaveric model. In addition, surface congruency and surface area improved over the traditional Latarjet procedure., Clinical Relevance: The STA showed comparable contact mechanics and surface geometry to the DTA. Further research is needed to determine the in vivo clinical outcomes of this new alternative graft., Competing Interests: One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: M.T.P. has received royalties from Arthrex, Arthrosurface, Responsive Arthroscopy, and Anika Therapeutics; consulting fees from Arthrex, the Joint Restoration Foundation, Zimmer Biomet, and Arthrosurface; grants from the United States Department of Defense, the National Institutes of Health, and DJO; and honoraria from Flexion Therapeutics. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto.

Purpose: Recurrent shoulder instability, a common musculoskeletal disorder, often involves glenoid bone loss and Hill-Sachs lesions. However, the optimal imaging modality for accurately and reliably quantifying bipolar bone loss remains uncertain. This systematic review aims to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of various imaging modalities in assessing bipolar bone loss in anterior shoulder instability., Methods: Major electronic databases were searched for English-language studies reporting the measurement of glenoid track width and/or determination of on/off track HSL through imaging. Studies reporting statistical measures such as area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, NPV, intraobserver reliability and interobserver reliability were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers., Results: The systematic review included 19 studies comprising 1567 shoulders. Overall, studies could be divided into those looking at the accuracy or reliability of determining glenoid track width, on- or off-track Hill-Sachs lesions and near-track lesions. Three-dimensional images of computed tomography (3D-CT) was the most reliable and accurate imaging modality to measure the glenoid track width. On the opposite, two-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (2D-MRI) did not provide enough evidence of accuracy and reliability in the determination of On/Off track lesions and near-track lesions., Conclusion: 3D-CT demonstrated excellent reliability for measuring glenoid track width. However, the reliability of 2D-MRI for determining on/off track Hill-Sachs lesions is still controversial., Level of Evidence: Level III., (© 2024 The Author(s). Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy.)

Purpose: Unicondylar arthroplasty was performed using robotic medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (R-mUKA) and gap-balancing instrumentation. Our hypothesis was that robotic unicondylar knee arthroplasty accurately restores component positioning and lower limb alignment when compared to preoperative planning with actual implantation throughout the range of knee motion due to proper knee balancing., Methods: Data were collected prospectively and were analysed for patients undergoing RM-UKA. A cemented UKA was implanted using the MAKO® robotic system. Lower limb alignment at 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° of flexion was recorded of the native knee, with the trial components in place and finally after component implantation. A spacer according to the femorotibial gap was introduced and the alignment was measured. The position of the final component was planned based on three-dimensional computed tomography images before making the bone cuts. The positioning of the femoral and tibial components was analysed in all three planes., Results: A total of 52 patients were included (mean age 66.3 ± 6.7 years; 34 males, 18 females). The difference in femoral component position after planning and final implantation was 0.04° ± 0.58° more valgus in the coronal plane (p = 0.326) and 0.6° ± 1.4° more flexion relative to the sagittal plane (p = 0.034). The tibial component was placed in the coronal plane in 0.3° ± 0.8° of more varus (p = 0.113) and in the sagittal plane in 0.6° ± 1.2° of more posterior tibial slope (p = 0.001). Lower limb alignment of the native knee in extension was 5.8° ± 2.6° of varus and changed to 3° ± 2.1° varus after UKA (p ≤ 0.01)., Conclusion: R-mUKA helps to achieve the target of alignment and component position without any significant differences to the planning. Ligament balancing causes non-significant changes in component position. It allows optimal component position even for off-the-shelf implants respecting the patient's specific anatomy., Level of Evidence: II., (© 2024 European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy.)

Utilizing fresh distal tibia allograft in anterior glenoid reconstruction has emerged as a highly advantageous approach in addressing instances of failed anterior shoulder stabilization with glenoid bone loss. This procedure offers several benefits, including the absence of donor-site morbidity, restoration of significant glenoid defects, reestablishment of joint congruity with the humeral head, restoration of glenoid biomechanics, and the addition of cartilage to the glenoid. Furthermore, it provides a robust and reliable alternative for managing failed stabilization procedures, leading to improved clinical outcomes and a high graft healing rate, while maintaining a low occurrence of recurrent instability., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors declare that there are no relevant or material financial interests that directly relate to this work. Outside of this work, Matthew T. Provencher declares royalties from Arthrex, Inc. Arthrosurface, Responsive Arthroscopy (2020), and Anika Therapeutics, Inc.; Consulting fees from Arthrex, Inc., Joint Restoration Foundation (JRF), Zimmer Biomet Holdings, and Arthrosurface; received grants from the Department of Defense, United States (DoD), the National Institutes of Health, United States, (NIH), and the DJO (2020); Honoria from Flexion Therapeutics; is an editorial board or governing board member for SLACK, Inc.; Board or committee member for Arthoscopy Association of North America (AANA), American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), ASES, San Diego Shoulder Institute (SDSI), and Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons (SOMOs); serves on the medical board of trustees for the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation (through 2018)., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Anti-drug antibodies (ADA) reduce the efficacy of immunotherapies in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are associated with increased disease progression risk. Blood biomarkers predicting immunogenicity to biopharmaceuticals represent an unmet clinical need. Patients with relapsing remitting (RR)MS were recruited before (baseline), three, and 12 (M12) months after commencing interferon-beta treatment. Neutralising ADA-status was determined at M12, and patients were stratified at baseline according to their M12 ADA-status (ADA-positive/ADA-negative). Patients stratified as ADA-positive were characterised by an early dampened response to interferon-beta (prior to serum ADA detection) and distinct proinflammatory transcriptomic/proteomic peripheral blood signatures enriched for 'immune response activation' including phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ and NFκB-signalling pathways both at baseline and throughout the treatment course, compared to ADA-negative patients. These immunogenicity-associated proinflammatory signatures significantly overlapped with signatures of MS disease severity. Thus, whole blood molecular profiling is a promising tool for prediction of ADA-development in RRMS and could provide insight into mechanisms of immunogenicity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest MA is now employed by Nxera Pharma UK, Translational Sciences, Granta Park Steinmetz Building, Cambridge, United Kingdom. KEW is now employed by Nucleome Therapeutics, Oxford, United Kingdom. EKH has received honoraria/research support from Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, and Teva; has served as a member of advisory boards for Actelion, Biogen, Celgene, Merck Serono, Novartis, and Sanofi Genzyme; has been supported by the Czech Ministry of Education – project Cooperatio LF1, research area Neuroscience, and the project National Institute for Neurological Research (Programme EXCELES, ID project No LX22NPO5107) – funded by the European Union-Next Generation EU. RF has received speaker honoraria and hospitality from Merck, Biogen, TEVA, Novartis, Genzyme, Abbvie, Merz and Ipsen. PN has received speaker honoraria and consultant fees from Biogen, Novartis, Merck, and Roche. The remaining authors (LC, PD, CC, IPT, ECJ) declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Altered cholesterol, oxysterol, sphingolipid, and fatty acid concentrations are reported in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and are linked to disease progression and treatment responses. CD4 + T cells are pathogenic in RRMS, and defective T-cell function could be mediated in part by liver X receptors (LXRs)-nuclear receptors that regulate lipid homeostasis and immunity. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis identified that genes within the 'lipid metabolism' and 'signalling of nuclear receptors' pathways were dysregulated in CD4 + T cells isolated from RRMS patients compared with healthy donors. While LXRB and genes associated with cholesterol metabolism were upregulated, other T-cell LXR-target genes, including genes involved in cellular lipid uptake (inducible degrader of the LDL receptor, IDOL), and the rate-limiting enzyme for glycosphingolipid biosynthesis (UDP-glucosylceramide synthase, UGCG) were downregulated in T cells from patients with RRMS compared to healthy donors. Correspondingly, plasma membrane glycosphingolipids were reduced, and cholesterol levels increased in RRMS CD4 + T cells, an effect partially recapitulated in healthy T cells by in vitro culture with T-cell receptor stimulation in the presence of serum from RRMS patients. Notably, stimulation with LXR-agonist GW3965 normalized membrane cholesterol levels, and reduced proliferation and IL17 cytokine production in RRMS CD4 + T-cells. Thus, LXR-mediated lipid metabolism pathways were dysregulated in T cells from patients with RRMS and could contribute to RRMS pathogenesis. Therapies that modify lipid metabolism could help restore immune cell function., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Immunology.)

Articular cartilage defects in the glenohumeral joint may be found in laborers, the elderly, and young athletes, among others. Various factors can contribute to cartilage damage, including prior surgery, trauma, avascular necrosis, inflammatory arthritis, joint instability, and osteoarthritis. There is a wide variety of treatment options, from conservative treatment, injections, and surgical options, including arthroscopic debridement, microfracture, osteochondral autograft transfer, osteochondral graft transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation, and the newly emerging techniques such as biologic augmentation. There is a challenge to determine the optimal treatment options, especially for young athletes, due to limited outcomes in the literature. However, there are many options which are viable to address osteochondral defects of the glenohumeral joint., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most common modality for assessment of the rotator cuff before and after surgery. Several classifications have been described aiming to define main tear characteristics. However, there is still confusion when it comes to the reliability of those classifications., Purpose: (1) To identify all MR classifications available in the literature for preoperative assessment of rotator cuff tears, (2) to summarize available data on the reliability of identified classifications, and (3) to assess the methodological quality of reliability studies., Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4., Methods: This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. All studies reporting MR assessment in patients with a superior or posterosuperior rotator cuff tear were included. After identification of the available MR criteria, reliability studies were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies checklist., Results: A total of 75 studies were included in this review. Eight categories of outcomes could be identified. Of the total, 62 studies reported interobserver reliability whereas 32 reported intraobserver reliability of some of the identified criteria. Each category reflected a variety of reliability, ranging from poor to excellent agreement. MR proved to be a reliable imaging modality to detect the structural integrity of the posterosuperior cuff, especially in cases of full-thickness tear; it was also reliable in terms of tear width and length and muscle atrophy based on a tangent sign or Thomazeau classification. All other classifications did not prove acceptable reliability. Methodological quality was high for 23 articles and moderate for 14., Conclusion: Preoperative MR is a reliable imaging modality to identify full-thickness tears, measure tear size and morphology, and identify muscle atrophy with tangent sign or Thomazeau classification. All other outcomes and classifications did not show acceptable reliability; therefore, caution is needed when using them for preoperative evaluation of a rotator cuff tear., Competing Interests: The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest in the authorship and publication of this contribution. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to summarise the current use of outcome measures for the assessment of physical function after knee joint replacement., Methods: A systematic approach following the PRISMA guidelines was used. Literature search was performed on MEDLINE database via PubMed and on Epistemonikos. Clinical trials (level of evidence I-II) on knee joint replacement reporting data on the 'physical function' domain published between January 2017 and June 2022 were included. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the evidence., Results: In the 181 articles that met the inclusion criteria, 49 different outcome measurements were used to evaluate clinical outcomes after knee joint replacement. The most frequently adopted patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were the Knee Society Score (KSS) (78 studies; 43.1%), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Arthritis Index (62 studies; 34.3%), the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) (51 studies; 28.2%) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) (36 studies; 20%). The most frequently used performance-based outcome measures (PBOMs) were the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) test (30 studies; 16.6%) and the 6-min-walk test (6MWT) (21 studies; 11.6%). Among impairment-based outcome measures (IBOMs), range of motion (ROM) was the most used (74 studies; 40.9%)., Conclusion: There is considerable variation among clinical studies regarding the assessment of the physical function of patients after knee joint replacement. PROMs were found to be the most commonly adopted outcome measures; however, no single PROM was used in more than half of the papers analysed., Level of Evidence: Level II, systematic review of level I-II studies., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Primary or revision irreparable rotator cuff tears remain a challenge. Clear algorithms do not exist. Several joint-preserving options are available, but no technique has been definitely proven to be better than another. Although superior capsule reconstruction has been shown to be effective in restoring motion, lower trapezius transfer can provide strong external rotation and abduction moment. The aim of the present article was to describe an easy and reliable technique to combine both options in 1 surgery, aiming to maximize the functional outcome by getting motion and strength back., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcome of arthroscopic capsulolabral repair for traumatic anterior shoulder instability with PEEK knotless and knotted biodegradable suture anchors., Methods: Arthroscopic stabilization was performed in 78 patients with recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability. They were divided into 2 groups of 39 patients each, according to suture anchors used: knotless PEEK anchors in group 1, and biodegradable anchors in group 2. Exclusion criteria were: instability without dislocation, posterior or multidirectional instability, glenoid bone loss > 20%, off-track lesions, concomitant rotator cuff tears and previous surgery. The primary outcome was the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) self-administered questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were: Work-DASH, Sport-DASH, Rowe score, recurrent instability and subsequent surgery. The following independent variables were considered: age, gender, dominance, generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity, duration of symptoms, age at first dislocation, number of dislocations, type of work, type of sport, sports activity level, capsule-labral injury pattern, SLAP lesion and number of anchors. Differences between groups for numerical variables were analyzed by use of the Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. Fisher's exact test was used for analysis of categorical variables. Significance was set at p < 0.05., Results: Seven patients (9%) were lost at follow-up, 5 from group 1 and 2 from group 2. Follow-up ranged from 36 to 60 months (median: 44; IQR: 13). Comparison between groups did not show significant differences for each independent variable considered. No differences could be found either for DASH (n.s.) or Rowe (p = n.s.) scores between the two groups. Overall recurrence rate was 7%. Three re-dislocations were reported in group 1 and two in group 2 (n.s.). Only one patient in each group underwent re-operation., Conclusions: The study showed no significant differences in clinical outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of traumatic anterior shoulder instability using PEEK knotless or biodegradable knotted anchors at mid-term follow-up., Level of Evidence: I., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Fragility fractures of the sacrum (FFS) are caused by low-energy trauma in the elderly population. Due to the nuanced symptomatology, many FFS remains unrecognized and the prevalence is underestimated. The clinical presentation varies, typically presenting with weightbearing low back pain without even remembering of a previous trauma. Radiographs are usually insufficient for the diagnosis and second level imaging modalities are required. In particular, magnetic resonance demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy. Treatment should aim to guarantee early mobilization and weightbearing, efficient pain relief and early discharge from the hospital to a proper facility for rehabilitation. Conservative treatment is reserved to non-displaced fractures with an adequate pain relief within one week allowing early mobilization. Otherwise, surgical treatment must be preferred. Nowadays, minimally invasive techniques, such as ileo-sacral screws or trans-sacral bar osteosynthesis, are safe and effective procedures and have overcome open procedures. In more complex patterns, with complete dissociation between the pelvic ring and the ilio-lumbar spine, spino-pelvic fixation is the procedure of choice., Competing Interests: All authors disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations and grants or other funding.

Introduction: Revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) is becoming a more common procedure due to the increasing volume of primary total hip arthroplasty. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is currently projected to affect 4.4% of the global population by 2030. Diabetes has been associated with poor outcomes for a variety of surgical interventions. However, the impact of insulin dependence has yet to be fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of insulin dependence on acute postoperative complications following rTHA., Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program database. All patients who underwent rTHA between 2006 and 2016 were identified and recorded as having non-insulin-dependent DM (NIDDM), insulin-dependent DM (IDDM) or no DM. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the incidence of multiple adverse events within 30 days after rTHA., Results: A total of 7685 patients were evaluated (No DM = 6651, NIDDM = 700, IDDM = 334). Univariate analysis revealed that all patients with DM had significantly higher incidences of postoperative complications (NIDDM: p  < 0.001; IDDM: p  < 0.001) and extended hospital length of stay (NIDDM: p  = 0.015; IDDM: p  < 0.0001). NIDDM was associated with increased rates of superficial surgical site infection (SSI) ( p  = 0.001), deep SSI ( p  = 0.038), and stroke ( p  = 0.013), while IDDM was associated with increased rates of pneumonia ( p  < 0.001), renal failure ( p  < 0.001), and postoperative transfusion ( p  < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, insulin-dependence was determined to be an independent risk factor for extended hospital length of stay (OR 1.905; 95% CI, 1.410-2.577; p  < 0.001), pneumonia (OR 4.016; 95% CI, 1.799-8.929; p  = 0.001), renal failure (OR 7.143; 95% CI, 2.203-23.256; p  = 0.001) and postoperative transfusion (OR 1.366; 95% CI, 1.076-1.733; p  = 0.01)., Conclusions: Insulin dependence is an independent risk factor for numerous short-term postoperative complications following rTHA. When assessing risk and planning perioperative management, surgeons should consider insulin-dependent diabetics as a sub-cohort within the diabetic population.

Introduction: In conjunction with impaction bone grafting (IBG), metal meshes have been proposed to minimise defects of the medial and superolateral walls in order to convert combined complex uncontained segmental defects into contained cavitary defects to facilitate IBG., Methods: The US National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried for publications from January 1980 to March 2019 utilising keywords pertinent to total hip arthroplasty (THA), acetabular impaction bone grafting, clinical or functional outcomes, revision THA, or postoperative complications., Results: 7 articles were found to be suitable for inclusion in the present study. The mean modified Coleman methodology score for methodological deficiencies of the studies was 45.3 (range 38-59). Severe acetabular bone loss was present in 56% of cases having moderate bone loss in 18%, and mild in 26%. The all-cause reoperation rate was 7.4%, while the all-cause revision rate of the acetabular component was 6.2%., Conclusions: IBG with mesh is effective for selected patients with acetabular bone defects. Most patients with moderate bone loss as well as selected patients with large superolateral defects can be successfully treated with IBG combined with mesh. There is limited data to show that IBG with mesh might be associated with decreased survival rates in patients with severe lateral defects (Paprosky IIIA) combined with ischial or medial wall osteolysis who require combined medial and lateral meshes. In addition, patients with severe superomedial migration of the cup (Paprosky IIIB) should not be treated with IBG and mesh.

Increasing potassium and reducing sodium intake have been identified as a priority intervention to reduce non-communicable diseases. A low sodium high potassium (LSHP) healthy diet can be a predictor of overall dietary quality and is associated with higher diet costs. The present study was a randomised controlled-feeding trial, formulating menus of low sodium and potassium-rich healthy diet and comparing with usual diet (a control diet based on typical Indonesian diet) to assess the association of potassium intake in the menus with other nutritional contents and diet cost. Totally seventy menus, which consisted of LSHP diets and the usual diets for a 7-d cycle, were composed from the analysis of the Indonesian food composition database. The correlation coefficient of the potassium content of all menus with nutritional quality and diet cost was analysed using the Pearson test. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the most important nutrient in determining diet cost. A comparison of nutrition quality and diet cost from the two menus was analysed using the independent t -test. LSHP diet had significantly higher carbohydrate, protein, fibre, magnesium, calcium, vitamin C, potassium density and diet cost but lower total fat, saturated fat and energy density than the usual diet ( P < 0⋅05). Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between fibre, potassium and diet cost (coefficient correlation of >0⋅8). Potassium is a nutrient that is closely related to diet quality although the cost of the diet often may inhibit its intake. A targeted and effective strategy is required to provide affordable food for achieving a sustainable nutrient-rich diet., (© The Author(s) 2022.)