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Scientific sensemaking is described in the context of studying a three-week, sixth-grade unit on the ecology and restoration of puffins living off the coast of Maine. Students engaged with a scientific adventure story, observed local bird species, used AI and webcam-facilitated tools, designed puffin burrows, and explored data sets about puffins. Students' ideas were elicited through discussion of the challenges faced by scientists who restored the puffins; sharing observations of chick-rearing behaviors from a webcam; critiquing and revising classmates' burrow designs; writing about bird behavior in response to prompts; poring over data to detect patterns in the long-term success of bird restoration; and training/testing AI for identification of puffins. This multiplicity of strategies effectively engaged students from a range of backgrounds, including those who were multilingual learners. This educational approach to scientific sensemaking through bird restoration is relevant and generalizable to students throughout the country, given the dwindling population sizes of many bird species nationwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the current article is Foucault's analysis of the ontology of the novel. This research provides an interdisciplinary reading indicating that the ontology of the novel is based on the deconstruction of home's concept: novel characters, unlike the heroic characters of Greek mythology and the Bible, constantly depart from home to discover the unknown realm of existence or a new dimension of humanity. There is a direct relationship between this transcendental homelessness and the novel's ontology. The results of the current research have shown that the conceptualization of home has yielded specific outcomes: 1. The novel has replaced similarity-based ethics with difference-based ethics. 2. Home is not a fixed and unchanging concept, but rather a construct. 3. The novel's adventure is a journey from the known to the unknown realms. 4. The novel is not in pursuit of utopia but rather maps out heterotopias as realms of diversity and abundance. The clear implication of this research is that the difference between the novel and the epic is not merely a genre difference but rather an ontological difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Science & Knowledge Horizons is the property of Journal of Science & Knowledge Horizons and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines how one of modern Japanese literature's inaugural texts envisions Japan's geographical self-image. The focus here is on Ukishiro monogatari (Floating Castle) by Meiji statesman Yano Ryūkei (1851–1931). Ukishiro monogatari tells the story of an adventure undertaken by Japanese men with a shared political objective who are diversely skilled in areas such as military expertise, medicine, geography, and technology. They are so dissatisfied with the delay in Japan's territorial expansion that in 1878 they travel to Southeast Asia as the first step in an ambitious attempt to establish Japanese territory in central Africa. By exploring why and how the crew of the Ukishiro heads to Africa, this article argues that the Ukishiro crew's plans take shape in relation to their drive to eschew Japan's status as an island nation (deislandization) and establish Japan as a continent (pseudocontinent). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Florence Converse's novel "Long Will: A Romance" (1903), which brings to life fourteenth-century English poets Chaucer, Gower, Langland, and the Gawain poet. The novel is structured around Langland's influence on the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, with a focus on Langland's daughter Calote. Converse's work explores the relationships between the poets, their literary contributions, and their interactions with historical events, offering a unique perspective on Ricardian poetry. The novel anticipates later scholarly discussions on the four poets, providing a detailed and independent-minded portrayal of vernacular verse culture in late fourteenth-century England. [Extracted from the article]

The Editors' Note in Early American Literature reflects on the challenges and lessons learned in running the journal, highlighting the complexities of early American studies. The note discusses the importance of respecting Indigenous languages by not italicizing them in the text, as well as reevaluating traditional practices of authorship attribution. The editors aim to make the journal more inclusive and relevant by engaging in conversations about representation and diversity in early American literature. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the role of homosocial communities in Love Story Magazine's fiction and editorial departments, focusing on the 30 March 1935 issue. The magazine's stories highlight the importance of female homosocial relationships in securing an appropriate romantic partner, emphasizing the qualities of an "ideal woman" for marriage. The editorial departments fostered a community among readers to help them navigate their own relationships, with advice columns addressing readers' romantic dilemmas and facilitating communication between same-sex readers. The magazine's structure and content reflect a consistent narrative that negotiates and upholds gender roles within a framework of homosociality, providing insight into how readers engaged with the idealized romance plots presented in the magazine. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores Lin Shu's (1852–1924) translations of foreign novels, known as 'novels translated by Lin Shu' (1899–1919), highlighting their contribution to the world literature of Late Qing China. Lin's translations, classified into emotional romance, adventure and mystery, and critical realism, showcase a unique blend of poetic style, ethical reflection and political commentary. By examining the textual nuances of 'novels translated by Lin Shu', the study reveals Lin's significant role in intercultural communication and the global literary sphere. It argues that Lin's translations, embodying distinctive narrative techniques and perspectives on translation, underscore the interplay between culture, ethics and politics in Late Qing China's literary landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seen by many as the Urstory of travel and return to the home in western litera- ture, the tale of the Greek hero Odysseus has inspired hundreds of retellings in different genres and languages across the globe, but they all encode the traveler as a male adventurer who crosses boundaries and penetrates spaces. In contrast, my essay takes a close look at a female literary re-accentuation of the original myth by the 2018 Nobel Prize winner, the Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk, in order to investigate the significant disparities between male and female adventure stories and explore how female re-conceptualizations of the Odyssey unsettle the traditional symbolic order through writing that is both pluralistic, multi-voiced, and universal, all-inclusive. Ultimately, I argue that Tokarczuk's creative refashioning of one of the foundational myths of western civilization in her novel Flights, constitutes a fresh feminist critique of modern subjectivity and a bold proclamation of the need to embrace a new type of a model traveler: the "feminist nomad," who is much better suited to the "becoming-world" of twenty-first-century cosmopolitanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I discuss the myriad ways that gender roles are interrogated within The Left hand of Darkness and "When It Changed." I first examine gender as science in §1, outlining the ways Le Guin and Russ consider and critique essentialist perspectives holding that gender roles are 'natural' phenomena driven by rigid biological differences between men and women. Then, in §2, I explore gender as fiction, analyzing how each text presents gender roles as discursively constructed and malleable. In §3, I explicate these observations within a hybrid conceptualization of gender as science fiction and argue that this suitably describes the gender portrayals Le Guin and Russ make in their texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article examines the variation and reconstruction of Chinese translations of Jonathan Swift's "Gulliver's Travels" from 1872 to 1948. The translations underwent changes to make the story more familiar and understandable to Chinese readers, including renaming, converting measurements, and altering the concept of time. The translators also incorporated traditional Chinese literary devices and techniques to make the text more appealing to the local audience. The article highlights the significance of variation and reconstruction in cross-cultural mediation and the impact of cultural and socio-political factors on literary translation. [Extracted from the article]

The article is devoted to the study of genre specificity, means of artistic modeling of the image of the main character, and the problemthematic section of Yu. Shcherbak's "The Time" trilogy as important poetic features of the contemporary antiutopia. The analysis was carried out using general scientific (analysis, synthesis, description) and special literary methods (biographical, genetic, imagological and hermeneutic). The research emphasizes the antiutopian dominant of "The Time" trilogy, which is combined with certain features of a political novel, cautionary novel, fiction (elements of science fiction), adventure novel, detective story, etc. It was found out that in his antiutopias Yu. Shcherbak creates his own model of the character of the future, whose leadership qualities, life experience and orientation to traditional Ukrainian values enabled spiritual renewal, contributed to finding one's place in the world and helped to become a winner in the eternal conflict "man-system". It was determined that the problem-thematic level of the novels is understood through the disclosure of the inner world of the main character with the help of monologues, dialogues, reflections, etc. In the trilogy, the "eternal" philosophical and topical problems of today are actualized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Ruodlieb, a Latin tale from the 11th century. An ancestor of the Grail story" presents the bilingual edition of the epic poem in Latin Ruodlieb, presented by Joël Thomas and Philippe Walter. The story narrates the adventures of a young feudal knight in the Middle Ages, highlighting his social ascent and his choice of wisdom over money. Ruodlieb is considered the first courteous hero and constitutes the oldest preserved European chivalric romance. The poem, composed in leonine hexameters, closed the cycle of Carolingian Latin epic and stands out for its originality and variety of themes. [Extracted from the article]

The following article concerns Polish reportage of 20th and 21st century. The discussion focuses on the elements of fiction genres transferred into a documentary form. One of such genres is what author calls a novel of the road. It comprises several kinds of old novel, like Greek and Roman adventure novels, Spanish, French and English rogue and picaresque novels, sentimental novels, some examples of chivalric romances with parody of Miguel de Cervantes. They can be divided into two variants: the one with the protagonist feeling strange in the space he travels through, and the other with the hero feeling a kinship with the surroundings (the latter is typical of the sentimental kind and some romantic poems based on the travel). A reportage usually consists of a mixture of both variants. It is discussed here by using examples taken from various periods in the history of Polish reportage: texts by Ksawery Pruszyński, Melchior Wańkowicz, Michał Choromański, Wanda Melcer, Ryszard Kapuściński, Krzysztof Kąkolewski, Jacek Hugo-Bader, Agnieszka Pajączkowska, and Michał Książek. The discussion concentrates on the fundamental features of those texts and contrasts them with the opposite model. What author particularly cares about are not only the formal differences, but also a specific worldview inscribed in reportage of the road, concerning subject, his or her knowledge, interrelations with the others, and setting in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyses of Jeff VanderMeer's novel Annihilation testify that the work, operating with many perplexing effects, puts the acts of coherent meaning formation to the test, and the sequels further exacerbate this productive uncertainty. Our study attempts to show that VanderMeer's text should be read slightly differently than classic science fiction adventure novels. The reception of popular literature and science fiction has traditionally become a scheme following the renouncing of the combination. However, the works of VanderMeer and many writers of similar calibre (e.g., Iain M. Banks, William Gibson, China Miéville, Kim Stanley Robinson, Dan Simmons) warn that this habituation can be overcome, dismantled, and transformed. The modern and postmodern differentiation of science fiction has no regard for maintaining the aesthetic place of literature; it speaks of zones and spaces that contribute more to the interdisciplinary and intermedia relativisation of human centres. We should, therefore, reflect on the reading for preliminary genre codes (or value preferences). In the Southern Reach Trilogy case, no normative background can be created that would not conflict with the function of a specific element of the story. Along with this type of fragmentation, the non-human and material dimensions confront us with the fact that incomprehensibility is not a lack of value but a consequence of mixing (our) world with foreign elements. The above also means that to describe the stratification of the VanderMeer trilogy, on the one hand, the category of popular literature may prove to be scarce, and on the other hand, the reading technique may function as data management in which the fiction-creating act of combination can make further and more transpositions of the text. Due to this hybridising dynamics, VanderMeer combines the Lovecraftian horror of culture and the posthumanism of modern biological science fiction so that while the story remains flawed, the mosaic effect generates eco-level issues in the face of alienation. This process, which can be grasped along complexity, can be evaluated as one of the essential new weird fiction features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theatre can be a powerful tool for exploring social justice issues, but it can also reproduce whiteness, ableism, and other systemic oppressions. As theatre educators--constrained by many competing demands on our time, resources, and energy--we want to know: how can we leverage our teaching artistry to authentically explore social justice issues with the young people and adults in our communities? Speaking from our experiences at a nonprofit theatre in a majoritywhite, upper-middle-class community, we offer creative drama as a model for integrating this kind of social justice education into youth musical theatre production camps. We explore the tools that creative drama offers for supporting youth and teaching artists in exploring issues related to inclusion, diversity, equity, and accessibility; understanding our relationships with oppressive systems; and taking action to transform them. Then, we demonstrate how this can look in practice. We outline a process through which we developed two creative drama adventures and share stories of how these dramas unfolded. Finally, we surface some lingering tensions about our and our students' identities and how they inform our ongoing work. In sharing these stories and tensions, we invite you to consider how creative drama might support you and your communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both role-playing game tie-in novels and adventure modules are little-studied and under-theorized topics. Whereas a tabletop role-playing game as a medium is participatory, interactive and narratively open-ended, the novel presents a fixed narrative. When a module is adapted into a novel, this forms a certain tension. This article examines the novels The Temple of Elemental Evil (Reid 2001) and White Plume Mountain (Kidd 1999), adapted from modules of the same names, and the ways that they engage in dialogue with the original texts, as well as how they form a part of the greater realized world of Dungeons & Dragons. These ways include cartographic storytelling and the logic of unfolding (Caracciolo 2019) in how the mapped areas of the module are presented to the novel's reader, as well as the palimpsest, the doubled pleasure (Hutcheon 2013) of experiencing two texts simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bob West's memoir, "Twenty Miles of Fence: Blueprint of a Cowboy," recounts his experiences buying and managing a cattle-producing ranch in Wyoming. The book follows a standard fish-out-of-water narrative, with West reflecting on his transition from urban life to rural cowboy culture. Throughout the memoir, West also explores his connection to Indigenous imagery and culture, offering a limited perspective on his own identity and heritage. While the writing is vivid and engaging, the book ultimately adds little to a deeper understanding of the subject matter. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Cahiers ERTA is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bonnie Effros's book, "Incidental Archaeologists: French Officers and the Rediscovery of Roman North Africa," provides a detailed history of French colonial obsession with Roman remains in Algeria and Tunisia. Effros explores the careers and writings of French officer-archaeologists, the violence and displacement caused by their excavations, and their influence on the development of archaeology in France. The book highlights how the search for historical justification was integral to the colonial project and examines the multivalent discourse on the classical past, which held different meanings for various groups, including foreign legionnaires, political prisoners, and North Africans themselves. Effros also acknowledges the complexity and nuance of the colonial situation, with evidence suggesting a range of choices, negotiations, and resistance exhibited by both Europeans and North Africans. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on analyzing William Goldman's multifaceted career, encompassing his contributions to crime fiction, speculative fiction, and adventure fiction, while also exploring the themes and influences present in his work. It discusses Goldman's varied literary and cinematic output, highlighting potential areas for further research and critical examination.

This article takes the distinctive publishing history of William Williams's Robinsonade novel Mr. Penrose as a prompt to challenge conventional assumptions about the temporal logic of textual recovery. Scholars typically make a case for the value of forgotten or neglected texts by emphasizing forms of "creative anachronism" in which an author is said to be ahead of their time in ways only recognizable by posterity. Mr. Penrose , written in America in 1776, published in a heavily redacted version in Britain in 1815, and finally published in full in 1969, offers a means of apprehending the far less familiar dynamics of "pathetic anachronism," wherein a text repeatedly fails to connect with the successive historical moments of its appearance and remains uncanonized. This stalled trajectory of Williams's novel helps to illuminate the limitations of conventional discourses of textual recovery by tracing them back to tropes of the "found manuscript" and transatlantic shifts in genre popularity in the eighteenth century, as well as Romantic theories of temporal disjunction and the emergence of the historical novel in the nineteenth century and models of textual editing and debates over "the first American novel" in the twentieth century. These three versions of Williams's novel... help us to see how various intellectual, aesthetic, generic, and material factors can mitigate against a text fitting into the mechanisms critics typically deploy to advance the positive qualities of anachronism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite paying concerted attention to evolutionary mechanisms, literary scholars have rarely focused on forms of "directed evolution" like orthogenesis (evolution along a linear track) and phylogeronty—the parallel between the lifespan of an animal group and the lifespan of an aging individual—analogical concepts reflecting a paleontological manifestation of a wider interest in human decadence. This essay analyzes how these concepts are explored in three areas: popular adventure fiction, social reform novels by Marie Stopes and H. G. Wells, and writings by paleontologists. Across these texts, the essay argues that directed evolution offered a recognizable trajectory with which to render the complexity and strangeness of prehistoric and modern life alike into a familiar linear shape by reading certain extinct animals as moral exemplars of evolutionary failure. While reformers hoped that humans could escape the orthogenetic grooves confining nonhuman animals to extinction, this optimism was shadowed both with fears that humans might inevitably face decadence and with a sense that survival meant mediocrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses Lydia Syson's Mr Peacock's Possessions as a neo-Victorian Robinsonade. In order to assess the contemporary pertinence of the format, I organize my discussion around the notion of un/settlement, a concept which applies to both the frustrated process of colonial domestication of the island depicted in the novel and to the author's project of writing back to the narrative and ideological codes of the Victorian Robinsonade. The term "un/settlement" is also useful to explore the novel's engagement with the violent colonial history of the region, which resurfaces in the present forcing the characters (and the author) to recover and narrate those stories and thus settle their debt with that past. The article starts by contextualizing Syson's novel in relation to a long tradition of castaway narratives, and then moves on to discuss the novel in the light of neo-Victorian and postcolonial preoccupations with the possibilities and limitations of historical revision and reparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persiles y Sigismunda, recently studied in connection with folkloric saints' lives and the hagiographic comedia Lucistela, shows a surprising connection to the theme of incest that surrounds a legendary pope. Many adventure novels with roots in Hellenistic literature begin with incest, even in the form of unconsummated desire, that drives the victim out of the home onto a dangerous journey. Eustaquia, Persiles's mother, acts as that catalyst, when her words and actions are read in that tradition. Yet Cervantes wins readers' forgiveness for her as part of the novel's rejection of Counter Reformation harshness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jarret Keene's novel "Hammer of the Dogs" follows the protagonist Lash in a postapocalyptic Las Vegas, where technology, religion, and capitalism intersect. The story explores themes of survival, secularism, and the human experience in a world ravaged by cataclysmic events. Through a blend of popular culture references and complex character dynamics, Keene presents a nuanced vision of a society in transition, striving to create something new and unforeseen. Las Vegas itself serves as a backdrop for this exploration, offering a space for restoration and the possibility of a freer future. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this study is to present the basic context of literary research on popular literature in Slovakia, following studies by Věra Brožová (2008) and Jiří Hrabal (2022), looking specifically at the forms of 19th century Robinsonades, including Czech Robinsonades reprinted in Slovakia from the late 18th century through the 19th century. With the exception of a single edition of Pavel Šulc's adaptation, we know of no adaptations of Defoe's Robinson Crusoe in the Czech context to have been published in Slovak editions; this is surprising considering the popularity of the theme and rich history of Czech adaptations, and we believe that further investigation is required. This study therefore distinguishes between the 'Robinsonade' and 'folk Robinsonade', with respect to the different motivations for adapting Defoe's work in the context of Slovakian popular literature: that is, between the Robinsonade as a line started by the Czech translation of J. Campe's German adaptation Robinson der Jüngere (and subsequent adaptations by V. Kramerius's and others; the 'Czech Story' follows, for example, the aforementioned study by Hrabal), and various other works that draw instead on the success of Defoe's novel to create adventure stories based on the Robinson theme. The heroes of these stories -- Berthold, Ildegert, Spelhofen, and Engelbrecht -- are known from both Czech and Slovak editions. The results of this comparison, together with an examination of the factors that may have caused these changes at all investigated levels, are formulated as manifestations of specific forms of inter-literary reception, namely 'retellings' with omission and expansion (Robinson der Jüngere), and -- as examples of the 'folk Robinsonade' -- adaptation (Berthold), plagiarism (Ildegert), interliterary allusion (Spelhofen), and allusion (Engelbrecht). Changes in form are found to be directly proportional to the degree of application of the poetics of popular literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanesques is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanesques is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanesques is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanesques is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dacoromania Litteraria is the property of ACADEMIA ROMANA Filiala Cluj-Napoca Institutul de Lingvistica si Istorie Literara "Sextil Puscariu" and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Antropologia is the property of Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates the politics of travel by focusing on the composite and overarching genre of adventure within Indian children's literature. Conventionally seen as a boyhood genre, adventure fiction is characterized by home-away-home pattern, where the movement away from home takes the male protagonist away from accustomed safety toward unusual sights, challenges, and experiences. However, using the lens of feminist narratology, this article looks at how Indian texts with feminist orientation in Gujarati and English languages subvert the notion of travel. They do so by replacing the idea of quest with enjoyment, reversing the quest objective, undoing the female/passive plot position, re-defining obstacles as aids, and undoing the gendered opposition between quester and quest object positions. The conclusions advocate harnessing the potential of children's literature as a resource to inculcate newer ways of traveling and un-gendering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Stevenson dynasty of civil engineers and chart makers in Scotland, known for their contributions to cartography and navigation. It highlights Robert Louis Stevenson, a famous author from the dynasty, who created the iconic fictitious map for his novel "Treasure Island." The map was inspired by a real chart drawn by Stevenson's father, adding a personal connection to the fictional story. [Extracted from the article]

The article "TOPOGRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL TIME IN THOMAS HARDY’S FAR FROM THE MADDING CROWD" by Lucien Darjeun Meadows explores how Thomas Hardy's novel uses topographical elements to depict horizontal and vertical time. Hardy's narrative moves characters between linear horizontal time and nonlinear vertical time through specific locations like Norcombe Hill and the great barn. The article delves into the concept of the chronotope in literature, emphasizing the interconnection of time and space in Hardy's work. Meadows argues that Hardy's manipulation of time and space in the novel challenges traditional notions of progress and linear time, highlighting the importance of local attachments and continuity in preserving cultural heritage. [Extracted from the article]