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Peritonitis, the inflammation of the protective membrane surrounding parts of the abdominal organs, is a common clinical pathology with multifactorial aetiologies. While bacterial infections are well-recognised as a cause of peritonitis, fungal infections remain relatively uncommon especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is commonly used for breadmaking and as a nutritional supplement. This fungus has been reported to induce peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis. However, it has never been reported as secondary to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion in immunocompromised patients. We present a 64-year-old female with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who developed S. cerevisiae peritonitis following PEG tube insertion. The case highlights the importance of considering rare organisms when treating immunocompromised patients with peritonitis, especially after gastrointestinal tract penetration or peritoneal membrane disruption.

Stercoral colitis is a rare but serious condition characterized by inflammation of the colonic mucosa due to impacted and hardened faecal material. The word “stercoral” means “related to faeces”. This condition usually develops due to the accumulation of hard stool masses in the colon, which cause localized inflammation and irritation. These faecalomas can exert persistent pressure on the colonic wall, causing damage and inflammation. Stercoral colitis presenting symptoms that mimic acute mesenteric ischemia is a diagnostic challenge for clinicians due to the overlap in clinical manifestations. Changes in bowel habits, bloating, and excruciating abdominal pain are potential manifestations of both illnesses, making it difficult to distinguish between them using clinical presentation. Diagnostic imaging, such as computed tomography scans, significantly discriminates between stercoral colitis and acute mesenteric ischemia. In cases where stercoral colitis mimics acute mesenteric ischemia, a thorough evaluation is essential to rule out vascular compromise. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial, as the management strategies for these two conditions differ significantly. Stercoral colitis often requires bowel evacuation and addressing the underlying faecal impaction. Acute mesenteric ischemia demands prompt vascular intervention to restore blood flow and prevent severe complications like bowel infarction. Given the potential overlap in symptoms and the critical importance of distinguishing between stercoral colitis and acute mesenteric ischemia, a multidisciplinary approach involving radiological imaging, clinical expertise, and timely intervention is essential for optimal patient care. This case highlights the importance of considering stercoral colitis when evaluating a patient with an acute abdomen, especially elderly patients with history of constipation.

PhotoVoltaic (PV) systems are often subjected to operational faults which negatively affect their performance. Corresponding to different types and natures, such faults prevent the PV systems from achieving their nominal power output and attaining the required level of energy production. Regarding the operational optimization of PV systems, this paper aims primarily at surveying and categorizing different types of PV faults, classified as electrical, internal, and external, where each is thoroughly investigated: internal faults occur at the PV cellular level, and can either be short circuit, open circuit, bridging, or bypass diode faults. External faults on the other side are mainly classified as temporary (i.e., clouds shading, snowstorms, etc.) or permanent (e.g., glass breakage, frame defects, etc.) mismatch faults. Lastly, electrical faults involve common circuitry problems, such as short circuits (e.g., line to ground, line to line, etc.), power processing units’ faults (e.g., inverter faults), and arc faults. As for the detection methods, six major fault detection methods are investigated for the AC side of the PV system with twenty-nine total AC based fault detection methods. On the other hand, eleven major fault detection methods are surveyed for the DC side of PV systems with seventy-three total DC based fault detection methods. The investigated methods are critically analyzed, and compared relevantly to each other, within the mutual sub-sets. The resulting tabulated comparative data assessments for PV faults (i.e., cause-effect relationships, impact on the PV system performance), as well as for faults detection methods (i.e., priority for application, etc.) compose a rich background for related PV systems’ performance security fields, where a nexus future work is also suggested.

هدف البحث إلى دراسة تأثير الاستثمار بشقيه العام والخاص على القيمة السوقية للشركات المدرجة في سوق دمشق للأوراق المالية، بوجود متغيرات ضابطة مثل معدل التضخم وسعر الصرف، وذلك خلال الفترة من 1/1/2010 إلى 1/12/2021. اعتمد البحث على منهجية كمية تعتمد على تحليل البيانات الثانوية من خلال نموذج الانحدار الذاتي للإبطاءات الموزعة (ARDL) خلال الفترة الشهرية من 1/1/2010 إلى 1/12/2021، تمّ إجراء تحليل وصفى للبيانات باستخدام الإحصاء الوصفي والرسوم البيانية لفهم توزيع البيانات وتحديد وجود قيم متطرفة. تمّ بعد ذلك اختبار استقرارية المتغيرات باستخدام اختبارات جذر الوحدة (Phillips-Perron) للتأكد من صلاحية استخدام نموذج ARDL. ثم تمّ تقدير نموذج ARDL وتقييم العلاقات طويلة وقصيرة الأجل بين الاستثمار، ومعدل التضخم، وسعر الصرف، والقيمة السوقية. أظهرت نتائج البحث أنّ الاستثمار يلعب دوراً مهماً في تشكيل القيمة السوقية للشركات المدرجة في سوق دمشق للأوراق المالية، لكن هذه العلاقة تُعقّدها البيئة الاقتصادية غير المستقرة خلال فترة الحرب، حيث يُظهر تحليل النموذج أنّ الاستثمار العام يُعزز النمو على المدى الطويل، بينما يُضعف الاستثمار الخاص من القيمة السوقية. كما تُشير النتائج إلى عدم استقرار العلاقة في الأجل القصير، مما يُشدد على الحاجة إلى تحسين البيئة الاقتصادية والاستقرار السياسي في سورية لجعل الاستثمار الخاص أكثر جاذبية ولضمان قدرة السوق على التكيف مع الصدمات الاقتصادية بشكل أكثر فعالية.