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The growing popularity of Invisalign is attributed to the fact that patients find it more aesthetically pleasing than the traditional fixed appliance to have their teeth straightened using the Invisalign system. Invisalign was initially intended for use in less severe conditions of orthodontic malalignment. Invisalign has been an effective and aesthetically acceptable alternative to conventional labial fixed appliances since its launch in 1997. CAD/CAM (Computer-aided design/computer-sided machine) stereolithography and a single silicone or digital impression can be used to make a set of custom aligners. Each aligner is set to gradually shift teeth by 0.25 mm to 0.33 mm over two weeks. More individuals are now receiving orthodontic treatment due to this novel tooth mobility approach. Over 300,000 patients have been treated with Invisalign in the previous decade, with the average patient age being 19.5. In most cases, the Invisalign device can stabilize these patients' anterior, posterior and vertical dimensions. Although many dentists and orthodontists believe that Invisalign appliances cause deep bites, this research disproves this theory. This literature review will determine the level of efficacy Invisalign can offer when it comes to the treatment of deep bites. It was concluded that Invisalign is effective in treating mild to moderate overbite cases and is an effective replacement for metallic braces, and provides a good option for esthetic-conscious patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiorespiratory function is one of the key health indicators that promote good health. Knowing the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and cardiorespiratory functioning might assist in the creation of evidence-based therapies that focus on addressing difficulties associated with obesity., Objective: To assess the correlation between BMI and cardiorespiratory functions among medical students at Northern Border University., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia. The blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), and BMI of the students were measured., Results: The mean age of the students was 17.1 ± 1.9 years. Nearly 40% of students were overweight or obese. Our study revealed a significant positive correlation between BMI and BP, RR, tidal volume (TV), and MAP., Conclusions:  The correlation analysis of our study revealed a significant positive correlation of BMI with BP, RR, TV, and MAP., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Local Committee of Bioethics at Northern Border University (HAP-09-A-043) issued approval 95/23/H. We obtained ethical approval from the Local Committee of Bioethics at Northern Border University (HAP-09-A-043) with decision number 95/23/H, dated: 12-10-2023. There is no risk to participants because the study is questionnaire-based, and students have complete control over whether to participate or not. Data privacy and confidentiality were assured. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Abd El Mawgod et al.)

Purpose: To clinically evaluate and compare the efficacy of indocyanine green mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and aloe vera (AV) gel when used as adjunct therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP) for treatment of chronic periodontitis., Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty patients were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: group 1 (SRP), group 2 (SRP+PDT) and group 3 (SRP+AV). Four clinical parameters - plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), periodontal (PD) pocket depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) - were evaluated at baseline and 3 and 6 months post treatment. Additionally, the amount of three inflammatory - cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α - in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was identified using an enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA)., Result: Statistically significant improvement was observed for all clinical parameters in group 3 at follow-up in comparison to groups 1 and 2. Individuals treated with adjunct PDT showed statistically significant reduction in moderate (4-5 mm) and deep (≥6 mm) PD pockets at the 3-month follow-up. Group-2 and -3 patients displayed statistically significant reductions in cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α at the 3-month follow-up in comparison to group 1 patients. This reduction in cytokines was maintained at the 6-month follow-up., Conclusion: Adjunct treatment regimens PDT and AV gel statistically significantly contributed to decreasing inflammation in periodontal tissue. AV /gel showed potential to decrease BoP, whereas PDT can facilitate increasing the clinical attachment level.