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The study evaluated the effect of housing system and genotype on performance and breast meat quality in 540 cockerels. Three genotypes of cockerels differing in growth intensity (slow-growing ISA Dual, medium-growing Hubbard JA757 and fast-growing Ross 308) and two housing systems (litter and mobile box on pasture) were compared. The significantly lowest feed conversion (p <.001) was recorded for Ross 308 cockerels housed on litter, while ISA Dual cockerels from mobile boxes had a 74% higher conversion ratio. The highest concentrations of lutein (p =.043) and α-tocopherol (p =.024) in breast meat were found in the cockerels from mobile boxes of genotypes ISA Dual and Ross 308, respectively. Meat stored for five days showed the highest oxidative stability of fat (p =.001) in slow- and medium-growing cockerels housed on pasture. The ISA Dual genotype housed both on litter and on pasture and the Hubbard JA757 genotype from mobile boxes had the highest proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the meat (p <.001). The lowest n6/n3 fatty acid ratio (p =.045) and thrombogenic index (p <.001) and the highest hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic index (p <.001) were recorded in slow-growing chickens with access to pasture. The meat of cockerels fattened on litter was considered more fragrant (p =.013), more tender (p <.001), juicier (p <.001) and overall more acceptable (p =.001). It can be concluded that the ISA Dual genotype showed the highest willingness to graze compared to Hubbard JA757 and Ross 308 cockerels and made the best use of the benefits of pasture fattening, which was reflected in the high quality of the meat. The meat of conventionally housed cockerels was sensorially evaluated as better. Highlights: The ISA Dual genotype showed the highest willingness to graze, which was reflected in the higher content of health-promoting substances in meat. The more frequent use of slow-growing cockerels for the purpose of fattening will be hindered by lower performance of the cockerels and low level of meat tenderness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 ω-3) on very short sleep duration (<5 h/night) in adults. Methods: The bootstrap method was used in the multinomial logistic regression to estimate the ORs and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of very short sleep duration. We used rolling window method to analyze the effects of EPA and DHA dietary intakes on very short sleep durations in men and women over age. To illustrate the stability of the results for the selected window width, we built a shiny application. Results: Compared to the first quartile, the mean ORs of EPA intake on very short sleep duration and the corresponding 95% CIs for the second, third and fourth quartiles of EPA intake among men under 32 years old were 1.50 (0.56, 3.44) mg, 1.55 (0.59, 3.48) mg, and 3.99 (1.15, 10.01) mg, respectively. Among women over 44 years old, the ORs for DHA intake were 1.12 (0.81, 1.52) mg, 0.94 (0.68, 1.29) mg, and 0.62 (0.38, 0.98) mg for the second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively. Conclusions: The associations of EPA and DHA with very short sleep duration are sex- and age-dependent. In males under the age of 32, a significant positive correlation exists between dietary EPA intake and very short sleep duration. For women above 44 years of age, an increase in DHA intake can notably ameliorate issues of very short sleep duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure to different concentration levels of fatty acids (FAs) may have an impact on depression. However, previous studies using individual FAs may not reflect the performance of mixtures of various FAs, and the associations of FA patterns with depression remain unclear. Methods: We conducted the cross-sectional analysis in 792 adults aged 18 and older with available serum FAs and depression screening data in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012. The serum concentrations of thirty FAs were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their percentage compositions were subsequently calculated. Depression was defined as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 10. We employed principal component analysis to derive serum FA patterns. We examined the association between these patterns and depression in the overall population and various subgroups through survey-weighted logistic regression. Results: Four distinct patterns of serum FAs were identified: 'high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); low docosatetraenoic acid (DTA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) n-6', 'high long-chain saturated FA and long chain FA', 'low median-chain saturated FA and myristoleic acid' and 'low capric acid and lauric acid; high gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and stearidonic acid (SDA)' pattern. Individuals in the high tertile of 'high EPA and DHA; low DTA and DPA n-6' pattern score had 0.46 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.93) lower odds of developing depression compared to individuals in the lowest tertile after adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, physical activity and total energy intake, etc. The odds ratio (OR) of depression was increased in the population with the highest tertile of 'low capric acid and lauric acid; high GLA and SDA' pattern (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.24, 4.83). In subgroup analyses, we observed that the association between 'high EPA and DHA; low DTA and DPA n-6' and depression persisted among specific demographic and lifestyle subgroups, including females, non-Mexican Americans, non-obese, those aged over 60 years, smokers and drinkers. Similarly, 'low capric acid and lauric acid; high GLA and SDA' showed stable associations in female, non-Mexican Americans and smokers. Conclusions: Serum FA patterns are associated with depression, and their relationships vary across sex, race, BMI, age, smoking and drinking subgroups, highlighting the importance of considering specific FA patterns within these demographic and lifestyle categories. Utilization of combined FA administration may serve as a mitigation measure against depression in these specific populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exclusive breastfeeding (eBF) in infancy appears to offer a developmental advantage for children's brains compared to formula-fed counterparts. Existing research has predominantly focused on global brain measures (i.e., total white/grey matter volumes) or on limited sets of specific brain regions, in selected age groups, leaving uncertainties about the impact of eBF on the overall structural connectomes. In this cross-sectional study encompassing participants from childhood to adulthood, partial least squares correlations (PLSC) were employed to assess white and grey matter volumes. Furthermore, a network analytic approach was used to estimate the structural connectome based on cortical thickness data. The results revealed that eBF duration correlated with increased white matter volumes in children and with the volume of the medial orbital gyrus in adults. Structural connectome analyses demonstrated heightened anatomical connectivity in eBF children, evidenced by enhanced network density and local/global efficiency, along with increased node degree and local efficiency in frontal and temporal lobes. Similarly, eBF in adults was associated to an improved node connectivity in the frontal lobe. These findings imply a lasting impact of eBF on brain morphometry and structural connectivity. Childhood benefits include heightened white matter development, while in adulthood, eBF may contribute to reduced neural loss associated with aging and enhanced connectivity, particularly in frontal regions., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical Approval: The study was approved by the independent Ethics Committee of IRCCS Santa Lucia (CE/PROG.665) and conducted in adherence to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent to Participate: Parental consent was obtained for each child participant. All adult participants provided informed consent., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays a crucial role in the growth and functional development of the infant brain. However, the impact of additional DHA supplementation on neurodevelopment in infants remains controversial in randomized controlled trials. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal and postnatal DHA supplementation on neurodevelopment. Methods: We systematically searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library electronic databases using a predefined strategy until 8 February 2024. We extracted relevant study characteristics and outcomes related to the nervous system. Two independent reviewers critically evaluated the included studies to assess their validity and risk of bias. Results: A total of 21 studies met our inclusion criteria, one study was removed after quality assessment, and the meta-analysis included 9 randomized controlled trials. The meta-analysis results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the DHA supplementation group and the placebo group, as assessed by the Mental Development Index [MDI; mean difference (MD), 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.91 to 1.73; p = 0.55]. However, the DHA group had a significantly higher Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) than the placebo group (MD, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.23 to 2.72; p = 0.02). Subgroup analyses based on populations showed that DHA supplementation was superior to placebo for infants in both MDI (language score conversion; MD, 2.05; 95% CI, -0.16 to 4.26; p = 0.07) and PDI (MD, 1.94; 95% CI, 0.23 to 3.65; p = 0.03). Other subgroup analyses indicated no statistical differences between the two groups. The remaining assessments that could not be summarized quantitatively underwent a narrative evaluation. Conclusion: Based on the BSID assessments, DHA supplementation in infants may have potential neurodevelopmental benefits. Because the meta-analysis included few high-quality articles and had some limitations, more relevant articles are needed to address the need for separate DHA supplementation in infants, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display&lowbar;record.php?ID=CRD42022348100, identifier: CRD42022348100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeted interventions are needed to delay or prevent the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Poor dietary habits are associated with cognitive decline, highlighting the benefits of a healthy diet with fish and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Intake of omega-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is linked with healthy aging, cardiovascular benefits, and reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease. Although omega-3 has health benefits, its intake is often inadequate and insufficient in modern diets. Although fish oil supplements offer an alternative source, inconsistent results from clinical trials raise questions about the factors determining their success. In this this review, the authors discuss the aforementioned determining factors and highlight strategies that could enhance the effectiveness of omega-3 PUFAs interventions for dementia and cognitive decline. Moreover, the authors provide suggestions for potential future research. Factors such as diet, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition can all influence the effectiveness of omega-3 supplementation. When implementing clinical trials, it is crucial to consider these factors and recognize their potential impact on the interpretation of results. It is important to study each variable independently and the interactions between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A genome‐wide association study has shown that several AD risk genes are involved in lipid metabolism. Additionally, epidemiological studies have indicated that the levels of several lipid species are altered in the AD brain. Therefore, lipid metabolism is likely changed in the AD brain, and these alterations might be associated with an exacerbation of AD pathology. Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that produce the myelin sheath, which is a lipid‐rich insulator. Dysfunctions of the myelin sheath have been linked to white matter abnormalities observed in the AD brain. Here, we review the lipid composition and metabolism in the brain and myelin and the association between lipidic alterations and AD pathology. We also present the abnormalities in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and white matter observed in AD. Additionally, we discuss metabolic disorders, including obesity, as AD risk factors and the effects of obesity and dietary intake of lipids on the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6ω3) and, to a much lesser extent, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5ω3) are the main long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in mammalian brain phospholipids. A huge number of studies conducted in recent years indicate the important role of omega-3 PUFAs in the regulation of behavior, memory, mental and cognitive development in humans and animals. DHA and EPA are essential for neuro- and synaptogenesis, neural network formation, stimulation of neurotrophic factor production, neuronal and synaptic plasticity. Omega-3 PUFA deficiency leads to a decrease in spatial memory, cognitive development, learning ability, visual impairment, and psychomotor functions. In the context of modern concepts on the role of omega-3 PUFAs in cognitive processes, the author discusses her previously published data on a sharp increase in brain phospholipid EPA levels in the adult dragonfly Aeschna grandis L. compared to its larvae in an attempt to link this phenomenon to a significant complication of behavior in adult dragonflies and the development of their highly effective pursuit and visual processing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review animal and human studies that explore the role of omega-3 PUFAs in maintaining the health of the auditory organ across all life stages., Methods: This narrative review involved searching Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles from December 1980 to July 2023., Results: some animal and human studies suggest that both deficiency and excessive intake of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can lead to auditory neural conduction impairment and reduced hearing acuity from fetal development to old age (presbycusis). These effects are likely to be dependent on the dosage. Some research indicates that an excessive intake of omega-3, rather than a deficiency, can result in nutritional toxicity and hearing impairments. Animal studies highlight the positive impact of omega-3 supplements with high DHA content in addressing hearing damage, but human research on this subject is limited. Furthermore, certain studies propose that omega-3 PUFAs may prevent or delay age-related hearing loss, with high plasma omega-3 concentration, particularly long-chain omega-3 PUFA, linked to reduced hearing loss. Additionally, consuming fish more than twice a week may be associated with a lower risk of hearing loss in adulthood, with these effects potentially influenced by age and gender. However, the majority of studies have been conducted on animals, and clinical trials are scarce. Research on the influence of omega-3 PUFAs on the peripheral and central vestibular systems remains limited., Conclusion: This article delves into the impact of omega-3 on the auditory-vestibular system, exploring its influence on neurodevelopment, protection, and treatment. It not only highlights specific research gaps but also offers valuable insights for potential future studies., (© 2024. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Obesity is a key medical challenge of our time. The increasing number of children born to overweight or obese women is alarming. During pregnancy, the circulation of the mother and her fetus interact to maintain the uninterrupted availability of essential nutrients for fetal organ development. In doing so, the mother's dietary preference determines the amount and composition of nutrients reaching the fetus. In particular, the availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), chiefly their ω‐3 and ω‐6 subclasses, can change when pregnant women choose a specific diet. Here, we provide a succinct overview of PUFA biochemistry, including exchange routes between ω‐3 and ω‐6 PUFAs, the phenotypes, and probable neurodevelopmental disease associations of offspring born to mothers consuming specific PUFAs, and their mechanistic study in experimental models to typify signaling pathways, transcriptional, and epigenetic mechanisms by which PUFAs can imprint long‐lasting modifications to brain structure and function. We emphasize that the ratio, rather than the amount of individual ω‐3 or ω‐6 PUFAs, might underpin physiologically correct cellular differentiation programs, be these for neurons or glia, during pregnancy. Thereupon, the PUFA‐driven programming of the brain is contextualized for childhood obesity, metabolic, and endocrine illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Possible mechanisms behind the association of breastfeeding with a lower risk of later obesity are unknown but one possibility is the unique composition of human milk. Here, we systematically reviewed the evidence linking breast-milk macronutrient and hormonal composition with later obesity. Methods: We searched 7 databases for studies that included infants predominantly breast-fed for the first 3 months and which analysed associations between a measure of breast-milk composition and later (> 6 months) measures of obesity or body composition. Results: 47 publications were identified for full-text screening, of which 10 were eligible and only 3 found significant associations. Higher leptin concentration in breast milk at age 1 month was associated with lower infant BMI at 12, 18 and 24 months of age (1 study). Higher breast-milk adiponectin concentration at 6 weeks and 4 months were associated with adiposity at age 12 and 24 months (1 study). In 1 study, breast-milk carbohydrate content was positively associated, and fat content negatively associated, with adiposity at age 12 months. No significant associations were found between other hormones or macronutrients in human milk and later risk of obesity or body composition. Conclusions: The evidence linking breast-milk composition with later obesity was inconsistent and confined to single, individual studies. Our review highlights the methodological limitations of previous studies and the need for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factors for initiating hibernation are unknown, but the condition shares some metabolic similarities with consciousness/sleep, which has been associated with n-3 fatty acids in humans. We investigated plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles during hibernation and summer in free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) and in captive garden dormice (Eliomys quercinus) contrasting in their hibernation patterns. The dormice received three different dietary fatty acid concentrations of linoleic acid (LA) (19%, 36% and 53%), with correspondingly decreased alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (32%, 17% and 1.4%). Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids showed small differences between summer and hibernation in both species. The dormice diet influenced n-6 fatty acids and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations in plasma phospholipids. Consistent differences between summer and hibernation in bears and dormice were decreased ALA and EPA and marked increase of n-3 docosapentaenoic acid and a minor increase of docosahexaenoic acid in parallel with several hundred percent increase of the activity index of elongase ELOVL2 transforming C20-22 fatty acids. The highest LA supply was unexpectantly associated with the highest transformation of the n-3 fatty acids. Similar fatty acid patterns in two contrasting hibernating species indicates a link to the hibernation phenotype and requires further studies in relation to consciousness and metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has components with emulsifier properties that could affect the provision of substrates to the brain. We evaluated the effects of MFGM plus milk fat addition to infant formulas on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) availability and gut development. Methods: In Experiment 1, suckling piglets were divided into 3 groups: Group L1 (n = 8): fed with a vegetal fat formula with palm oil; L2 (n = 8): canola oil formula and L3 (n = 8): milk fat + canola oil + 1% Lacprodan (3% MFGM of total protein content). In Experiment 2, Group L4 (n = 7): fed with canola oil + 1% Lacprodan (3% MFGM) and Group L5 (n = 5): milk fat + canola oil + 2% Lacprodan (6% MFGM). All formulas contained 0.2% DHA and 0.2% arachidonic acid. Results: In Experiment 1, DHA was similar among the groups in both total fatty acids and plasma phospholipids (PL). However, 3% MFGM (L3) increased significantly the proportion of DHA and LC-PUFA n-3 in liver total fatty acids, jejunum, and also in jejunum PL respect to the other formulas. There were no changes in gut histology, cell proliferation, apoptosis, or brain DHA content. In Experiment 2, higher MFGM dose was used. Then, higher DHA was not only found in peripheral tissues of 6% MFGM (L5) piglets but also in plasma PL, while a similar trend was observed in cortex PL (p = 0.123). Conclusion: In conclusion, MFGM plus milk fat may increase DHA availability of infant formulas which could contribute to their beneficial health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrients are actively taken up by the brain via various transporters at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). A lack of specific nutrients in the aged brain, including decreased levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is associated with memory and cognitive dysfunction. To compensate for decreased brain DHA, orally supplied DHA must be transported from the circulating blood to the brain across the BBB through transport carriers, including major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2a (MFSD2A) and fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) that transport esterified and non-esterified DHA, respectively. Although it is known that the integrity of the BBB is altered during aging, the impact of aging on DHA transport across the BBB has not been fully elucidated. We used 2-, 8-, 12-, and 24-month-old male C57BL/6 mice to evaluate brain uptake of [14C]DHA, as the non-esterified form, using an in situ transcardiac brain perfusion technique. Primary culture of rat brain endothelial cells (RBECs) was used to evaluate the effect of siRNA-mediated MFSD2A knockdown on cellular uptake of [14C]DHA. We observed that the 12- and 24-month-old mice exhibited significant reductions in brain uptake of [14C]DHA and decreased MFSD2A protein expression in the brain microvasculature compared with that of the 2-month-old mice; nevertheless, FABP5 protein expression was up-regulated with age. Brain uptake of [14C]DHA was inhibited by excess unlabeled DHA in 2-month-old mice. Transfection of MFSD2A siRNA into RBECs decreased the MFSD2A protein expression levels by 30% and reduced cellular uptake of [14C]DHA by 20%. These results suggest that MFSD2A is involved in non-esterified DHA transport at the BBB. Therefore, the decreased DHA transport across the BBB that occurs with aging could be due to age-related down-regulation of MFSD2A rather than FABP5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oilseeds & Fats, Crops & Lipids (OCL) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sleep problems have become common among people today. Sleep disorders are closely associated with physiological and psychological diseases. Among the ways of improving objective or subjective sleep quality, controlling elements associated with food intake can be more efficient than other methods in terms of time and cost. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the effects of nutrients and natural products on sleep. An extensive literature search was conducted, and related articles were identified through online databases, such as Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, and Web of Science. Expert opinion, conference abstracts, unpublished studies, and studies published in languages other than English were excluded from this review. The effects of macronutrients and diet adjustment on sleep differed. Although not all nutrients independently affect sleep, they comprehensively affect it through tryptophan metabolism. Furthermore, natural foods related to GABA have an effect on sleep similar to that of sleeping pills. Taken together, our results suggest that humans can control both their objective and subjective sleep quality based on their lifestyle and food consumption. However, until now, direct studies on the relationship between human sleep and nutrition, such as clinical trials, have been insufficient. As both objective and subjective sleep quality are the factors determining the quality of life of individuals, further studies on those are needed to improve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The nutritional and functional potential of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)‐ and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐rich oil from Antarctic krill has continued to attract attention worldwide. Therefore, a highly effective approach is essential for extracting Antarctic krill's DHA/EPA‐rich oil and proteins from wet biomass in the same system. RESULTS: A cosolvent three‐phase partitioning system (TPPS) was developed to simultaneously extract DHA/EPA‐rich oil and separate proteins (PT) from wet Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) biomass. The COSMO‐RS was used to screen cosolvents for the extraction of EPA and DHA. The TPPS parameters were optimized by response surface methodology using a central‐composite design, which consisted of 52% (w/w) of cosolvents (t‐butanol:n‐hexane (4:6)), 20% (w/w) of ammonium citrate, 500 rpm of stirring speed, 37 °C of temperature, and 60 min of extraction time. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction efficiency of EPA and DHA was 95.36 ± 0.94% and 93.85 ± 1.31% in the top cosolvents phase, respectively, as well as 86.57 ± 0.98% of proteins in the middle interface. Compared to supercritical CO2 (SCO2) and three‐liquid‐phase salting‐out extraction system (TLPSOES), the recovery rate of krill oil (KO) extracted by TPPS (96.48 ± 1.14%) was much higher than that of the SCO2 (67.8%) and of the TLPSOES method (91%). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that cosolvent TPPSs can extract krill oil from wet krill biomass with higher extraction efficiency, and that the obtained krill oil showed potential antioxidant effects compared to commercial fish oil. Therefore, the cosolvent TPPS could be an alternative in the nutraceutical industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lipids play a vital role in health and disease, but changes to their circulating levels and the link with obesity remain poorly characterized in expecting mothers and their offspring in early childhood.Methods: LC-MS/MS-based quantitation of 480 lipid species was performed on 2491 plasma samples collected at 4 time points in the mother-offspring Asian cohort GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes). These 4 time points constituted samples collected from mothers at 26-28 weeks of gestation (n=752) and 4-5 years postpartum (n=650), and their offspring at birth (n=751) and 6 years of age (n=338). Linear regression models were used to identify the pregnancy and developmental age-specific variations in the plasma lipidomic profiles, and their association with obesity risk. An independent birth cohort (n=1935), the Barwon Infant Study (BIS), comprising mother-offspring dyads of Caucasian origin was used for validation.Results: Levels of 36% of the profiled lipids were significantly higher (absolute fold change > 1.5 and Padj < 0.05) in antenatal maternal circulation as compared to the postnatal phase, with phosphatidylethanolamine levels changing the most. Compared to antenatal maternal lipids, cord blood showed lower concentrations of most lipid species (79%) except lysophospholipids and acylcarnitines. Changes in lipid concentrations from birth to 6 years of age were much higher in magnitude (log2FC=-2.10 to 6.25) than the changes observed between a 6-year-old child and an adult (postnatal mother) (log2FC=-0.68 to 1.18). Associations of cord blood lipidomic profiles with birth weight displayed distinct trends compared to the lipidomic profiles associated with child BMI at 6 years. Comparison of the results between the child and adult BMI identified similarities in association with consistent trends (R2=0.75). However, large number of lipids were associated with BMI in adults (67%) compared to the children (29%). Pre-pregnancy BMI was specifically associated with decrease in the levels of phospholipids, sphingomyelin, and several triacylglycerol species in pregnancy.Conclusions: In summary, our study provides a detailed landscape of the in utero lipid environment provided by the gestating mother to the growing fetus, and the magnitude of changes in plasma lipidomic profiles from birth to early childhood. We identified the effects of adiposity on the circulating lipid levels in pregnant and non-pregnant women as well as offspring at birth and at 6 years of age. Additionally, the pediatric vs maternal overlap of the circulating lipid phenotype of obesity risk provides intergenerational insights and early opportunities to track and intervene the onset of metabolic adversities.Clinical Trial Registration: This birth cohort is a prospective observational study, which was registered on 1 July 2010 under the identifier NCT01174875 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during lactation, compared with a placebo, on the neonatal growth profile of breastfed very preterm infants. Methods: Preterm infants' growth profile, growth velocity from birth to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA), and growth at 36 weeks' PMA were pre-specified secondary outcomes of a randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted in 16 Canadian neonatal intensive care units (2015–2018). Lactating mothers who delivered before 29 weeks' gestation were given 1.2 g of DHA daily or a placebo within 72 h of delivery and up to 36 weeks' PMA. Analyses were performed using a linear regression model with generalized estimating equations. Results: 461 mothers and their 528 infants (DHA, N = 273; placebo, N = 255) were included with mean gestational age of 26.5 weeks (standard deviation [SD] = 1.6); 275 (52.1%) were males; mean birth weight was 895 g (SD = 240). DHA interaction with sex was significant on weight profile (interaction p < 0.001), weight velocity (interaction p = 0.05), and weight at 36 weeks' PMA (interaction p = 0.02). Females in the DHA group gained more weight compared to the placebo group (mean difference [MD], 52.6 g [95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.5–80.8], p < 0.001). Weight velocity was significantly higher in females of the DHA group (MD, 3.4 g/kg/day [95% CI: 0.6–6.2], p = 0.02). At 36 weeks' PMA, the weight of males in the DHA group was significantly smaller (MD, −88.9 g [95% CI: −166.2 to −11.6], p = 0.02). Conclusion: DHA positively affected female infants' neonatal weight profile and velocity and negatively affected male infants' weight at 36 weeks' PMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current craze and concomitant rise of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI&ML) in the post-COVID-era holds significant contribution to Drug Design and Development. Along with IoT, AI&ML has reduced human interface and improved the Quality of Life though Quality-Health-Care products. AI&ML approaches driven Rational Drug Design along with customised molecular modelling techniques such as in-silico simulation, pharmacophore modelling, molecular dynamics, virtual screening, and molecular docking aims to elucidate unforeseen bioactivity of natural products confined to limited timeframe with at-most perfection. Besides, it also defines the molecular determinants that partake in the interface with in the drug and the target to design more proficient drug leads. α-Linolenic acid (ALA), a carboxylic acid with 18 carbons and three cis double bonds, is an essential fatty acid required for normal human health and can be acquired through regular dietary supplementation of food. During the metabolic process, ALA is bio-transformed into EPA and DHA. ALA decreases the risk of heart disease by maintaining normal heart rhythm and pumping. Studies suggest that ALA is associated with reduced risk of fatal ischemic heart disease further higher intake may reduce the risk of sudden death among prevalent myocardial infarction patients consistent with induced antiarrhythmic effect. It reduces blood clots, besides, cardiovascular-protective, anti-cancer, neuro-protective, anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. However, data on pharmacological and toxicological aspects of ALA is limited; on the other hand, no serious adverse effects of ALA have been reported yet. In the present study AI&ML approach based in-silico ADME-Tox and pharmacokinetic profile of ALA from Catharanthus roseus is envisaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological clock generates circadian rhythms, with an endogenous period tau close to 24 h. The circadian resonance theory proposes that lifespan is reduced when endogenous period goes far from 24 h. It has been suggested that daily resetting of the circadian clock to the 24 h external photoperiod might induce marginal costs that would accumulate over time and forward accelerate aging and affect fitness. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the link between the endogenous period and biomarkers of aging in order to investigate the mechanisms of the circadian resonance theory. We studied 39 middle-aged and aged Microcebus murinus, a nocturnal non-human primate whose endogenous period is about 23.1 h, measuring the endogenous period of locomotor activity, as well as several physiological and behavioral parameters (rhythm fragmentation and amplitude, energetic expenditure, oxidative stress, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations and cognitive performances) in both males and females. We found that aged males with tau far from 24 h displayed increased oxidative stress. We also demonstrated a positive correlation between tau and IGF-1 concentrations, as well as learning performances, in males and females. Together these results suggest that a great deviation of tau from 24 h leads to increased biomarkers of age-related impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine the associations of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω3PUFA) intake with sleep quality and duration in a cohort of American young adults, and to explore whether the associations of interest are modified by selenium (Se) and/or mercury (Hg) status. Methods: The study sample consisted of 3964 men and women from the longitudinal Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, aged 25.0 ± 3.6 at baseline. Intake of LCω3PUFA was assessed using an interviewer-administered dietary history questionnaire at baseline (1985–1986), Y7 (1992–1993), and Y20 (2005–2006). Toenail Se and Hg concentrations were quantified at Y2 (1987–1988). The outcomes were self-reported sleep quality and sleep duration measured by one question for each at Y15 (2000–2001) and Y20. Generalized estimating equation was used to examine the association between cumulative average intake of LCω3PUFA and sleep measures. Restricted cubic spline was performed to explore the potential non-linear associations of interest. Se and Hg were dichotomized by their median values to examine the potential effect modification of Se and/or Hg. Results: We did not observe any significant associations (linear or non-linear) of LCω3PUFA intake with either sleep quality or duration. Also, no significant association was observed in any subgroup classified by toenail Se and/or Hg concentrations. Similarly, sensitivity analysis indicated that the null associations between LCω3PUFA intake and sleep quality or duration persisted across subgroups classified by race, gender, obesity, or having small children. Conclusion: Findings from this longitudinal analysis did not support the hypothesis that LCω3PUFA intake is associated with sleep quality or sleep duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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