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As an agent of socialization, mothers directly impact the way their daughters think about their own weight. This qualitative study aimed to investigate and capture the recalled maternal communication around eating and body image for Black American collegiate emerging adult women. A sample of 143 women was recruited via online social platforms. Findings from framework analysis highlighted that maternal communication around body image, size, and eating disorders was often in reaction to the daughters' direct or indirect experiences with eating disorder symptomatology. The communication was problem focused, with an aim to address symptoms. The communication also centered on body evaluation and comparison responses, which often emphasized negative sentiments regarding both the mother and the daughter's body image. Understanding the dynamic exchange of socialization for body image and eating disorder symptomatology is critical when creating culturally tailored, client-centered, and sustainable treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black American collegiate women encounter microaggressions. The need to constantly regulate intense emotions in a sanctioned way to avoid further gendered-racial ramifications may increase emotional distress and lead to the use of high effort coping, such as the Strong Black Woman (SBW) schema. This anonymous online mixed-data study explored the relationships among discrimination, the superwoman schema, and emotional eating for college enrolled self-identified Black American women. Further, this study also examined the advice these women recalled receiving about how to navigate discrimination from their maternal figures. A hierarchical linear regression was run on 102 women (F (6, 94) = 6.24, p =.001) and revealed that the SBW was the most impactful predictor of emotional eating (R2 = 0.29, p =.001). The women concurrently recounted receiving messages from their mothers urging them to persist through discrimination and racism while being strong Black women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a terahertz range hybrid structured with square hollow-core PCF-based edible oil sensor is presented and statistically examined. For the purpose of determining this proposed hollow core fiber's propagation characteristics, the finite element method is used with a circular perfectly matched layer boundary condition. In ideal geometrical circumstances, the recommended detector exhibits 98.45% relative sensitivity to various edible oils at optimum frequency of 1.8 THz. An extensive simulation of that microstructure fiber across THz frequency range reveals that it is possible to concurrently achieve very low effective material loss of 0.004632 cm−1 and a very low confinement loss of 1.07 × 10–15 dB/m. In addition, the proposed fiber is thoroughly studied for other crucial factors like total loss, spot size, and numerical aperture. This optical waveguide's outstanding achievements will make it possible to use it in a variety of practical terahertz applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Uncertainty tolerance (UT) is increasingly valued as a medical graduate attribute and broadly measured among medical student populations. However, the validity evidence underpinning UT scale implementation has not been summarised across studies. The present work evaluates UT scale validity evidence to better inform when, why and how UT scales ought to be used and to identify remaining validity evidence gaps. Methods: A literature search for psychometric studies of UT scales was completed in 2022. Records were included if they implemented one of the four most cited UT scales (i.e. Physicians' Reactions to Uncertainty scale 1990 [PRU1990] or 1995 [PRU1995], Tolerance for Ambiguity [TFA] scale or Tolerance of Ambiguity in Medical Students and Doctors scale [TAMSAD]) in a population of physicians and/or medial students and presented validity evidence according to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing framework. Included studies were rated and analysed according to evidence for test content, response processes, internal structure, relations to other variables and consequences of testing. Results: Among the investigated scales, 'relations to other variables' and 'internal structure' were the most commonly reported forms of validity evidence. No evidence of 'response processes' or 'consequences of testing' was identified. Overall, the PRU1990 and PRU1995 demonstrated the strongest validity evidence, although evidence primarily related to physician populations. Conclusions: None of the studied scales demonstrated evidence for all five sources of validity. Future research would benefit from assessing validity evidence for 'response processes' and 'consequences of testing' among physicians and medical students at different training/career stages to better understand UT construct conceptualisation in these populations. Until further and stronger validity evidence for UT scales is established, we caution against implementing UT scales outside of research settings (e.g. for higher stakes decision making). Stephens et al. review the validity evidence for uncertainty tolerance scales, identifying gaps in evidence for response processes and testing consequences. Thus, scale score interpretation is, ironically, uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent skin disorders. The treatment regimen depends on how severe the AV is. The acne grading system is crucial for clinical and research work. The aim of this work was to evaluate intra-grader differences between 5 investigators using Acne Grading System (AGS), the International Improved Grading System (IIGS), the Korean Acne Grading System (KAGS), and the Japanese Acne Grading System (JAGS) to assess acne vulgaris (AV) severity. Patients and Methods: AV sufferers from dermatological clinics of five hospitals in China were the subject of a prospective cross-sectional study. AGS, IIGS, KAGS and JAGS were utilized by 5 investigators to verify the severity of AV. The correlation between AGS, IIGS, KAGS and JAGS was examined. Results: A complete of 1107 AV sufferers were enrolled in the study. There were indications that the AGS, IIGS, KAGS and JAGS had sufficient internal consistency. As for the reliability amongst raters, AGS, IIGS, KAGS and JAGS confirmed gorgeous reliability. There were strong correlations amongst AGS, IIGS, KAGS and JAGS (P≤ 0.01). The interior reliability of investigator 1 one year ago and later after usage of AGS and IIGS was excellent (P≤ 0.01). Conclusion: IIGS and AGS exhibited great correlation with KAGS and JAGS and were highly reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-to-one lessons based on the master-apprentice model are recognised in research and practice as an indispensable foundation for the training of professional musicians including singers. Given its primary importance to musician training, it is essential that researchers of this pedagogical model adopt methodologies and methods well-suited to illuminating the unique nature of one-to-one pedagogy. This article on methodology introduces multi-sited ethnography (MSFE) for one-to-one pedagogy research, exemplified through its use in a research project focused on one-to-one musical theatre singing voice pedagogy. MSFE is presented as 'Big Q' qualitative research approach which cohesively engages with epistemological, ontological, and methodological considerations facilitating the use of research methods which are well-suited to the private and ephemeral nature of the one-to-one lesson. MSFE is positioned as a research methodology which extends on and can address the challenges of extant research approaches in one-to-one pedagogy. MSFE is of particular use when researching participants across a broad cultural group (for example, studio teachers of a particular instrument or voice at multiple educational sites). We conclude with a discussion of the limitations of MSFE and make recommendations for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical research should provide reliable evidence to clinicians, health policy makers, and researchers. The reliability of evidence will be assured once study planning, conducting, and reporting of results are transparent. The present research investigates publication rates, time until publication, and characteristics of clinical trials on medicinal products associated with timely publication of results, measures of scientific impact, authorship, and open access publication.Methods: Clinical trials authorized in Hungary in 2012 were followed until publication and/or June 2020. Corresponding scientific publications were searched via clinical trial registries, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Google.Results: Overall, 330 clinical trials were authorized in 2012 of which 232 trials were completed for more than 1 year in June 2020. The proportion of industry initiation was high (97%). Time to publication was 21 (22) months [median (IQR)]. Time to publication was significantly shorter when trials involved both European and non-European countries (26 vs 69 months [median]; hazard ratio = 0.38, 95% CI 0.22-0.66, p< 0.001), and were registered in both EU CTR and clinicaltrials.gov (27 vs 88 months; hazard ratio = 0.24, 95% CI 0.11-0.54; p< 0.001) based on survival analyses. A significant amount (24.1%) of unpublished clinical trial results were accessible in a trial register. The majority of available publications were published "open access" (70.93%). A minority of identified publications had a Hungarian author (21.5%).Conclusions: We encourage academic researchers to plan, register and conduct trials on medicinal products. Registries should be considered as an important source of information of clinical trial results. Publications with domestic co-authors contribute to the research output of a country. Measurable domestic scientific impact of trials on medicinal products needs further improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vietnam has adopted 'treat all' guidelines since mid-2017. However, this can lead to a significant increase in ART coverage only if PLHIV go on to start treatment. In Vietnam, in 2017, approximately half of infected people were not able to access to treatment due to different types of barriers. We applied a qualitative method nested within a cohort study that investigated patient flow from HIV diagnosis to initiation of ART in the province of Ninh Binh. Data was collected at the end of 2017, comparing with baseline in 2015. Almost constraints for care found were structural with the most common was socio stigma. The lack of basic information on HIV treatment has led to delayed access to care, in the meantime, misconception about HIV status has also prevented support from the society. Experiencing discrimination and breach of confidentiality by health staff was less common, but probably spread out. No barrier from family was found towards infected individuals. Interventions to promote timely initiation of care after diagnosis required understanding interaction of factors at multi-level in local context. Training for health staff should be enhanced. In addition, it's necessary to mobilize community in the strategy against HIV stigma and discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite numerous benefits, a dark side exists in human and veterinary caregiving professions that can negatively impact caregiver mental health. It was postulated that other nonhuman animal caregivers, animal welfare employees, might experience mental health outcomes similar to those in analogous caregiving occupations. This study investigated employee mental health at a Canadian animal welfare organization using five validated mental health instruments: Perceived Stress Scale (stress), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety and depression), Professional Quality of Life Scale (compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue), Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale (burnout), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (resilience). Front-line and support staff tended to have poorer mental health outcomes relative to the study population mean, potential for burnout was a notable concern, and resilience was below normal for most employees. These results shed light on the mental health of an animal caregiving occupation that has largely been ignored. Strategies for building employee resilience are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]