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Emergent exotic phenomena in the self-assembled process of vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) thin film remain under intensive studies. Insight exploration on the self-assembled formation from the combination of two different phases of materials is not only important to optimize the physical properties yields from those combined materials, but also open up a new avenue to discover new materials with the VAN system. In this work, the thermodynamic control of the self-assembled formation of BiFeO3-CoFe2O4 (BFO-CFO) VAN thin film has been confirmed by studying the effects of substrate temperature during the growth process by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The structural examination results on the samples, which were growing with various substrate temperatures highlight the importance of the thermodynamic factor to control the crystalline structure of BFO phase and CFO pillar size, which then affect the physical properties and further its practical applications. For instance, we can control the size of the CFO pillar using a temperature substrate to find appropriate spin magnetic switching in the CFO pillar for memory device applications. This study also sheds light on the relationship between thermodynamics and elastic strain energy on the formation of self-assembled matrix-pillars of the BFO-CFO VAN which is important for device fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leukemia is one of the ten types of cancer that causes the biggest death in the world. Compared to other types of cancer, leukemia has a low life expectancy, so an early diagnosis of the cancer is necessary. A new strategy has been developed to identify various leukemia biomarkers by making blood cancer biosensors, especially by developing nanomaterial applications so that they can improve the performance of the biosensor. Although many biosensors have been developed, the detection of leukemia by using nanomaterials with electrochemical and optical methods is still less carried out compare to other types of cancer biosensors. Even the acoustic and calorimetric testing methods for the detection of leukemia by utilizing nanomaterials have not yet been carried out. Most of the reviewed works reported the use of gold nanoparticles and electrochemical characterization methods for leukemia detection with the object of study being conventional cancer cells. In order to be used clinically by the community, future research must be carried out with a lot of patient blood objects, develop non-invasive leukemia detection, and be able to detect all types of blood cancer specifically with one biosensor. This can lead to a fast and accurate diagnosis thus allowing for early treatment and easy periodic condition monitoring for various types of leukemia based on its biomarker and future design controlable via internet of things (IoT) so that why would be monitoring real times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing concerns regarding the potential health risks associated with microwave‐based technology, researchers have been actively investigating materials with impressive microwave absorption properties. In this study, a synthesis and investigation of a nanocomposite, named Fe3O4/MWCNT/ZnO/PANI, consisting of magnetite (Fe3O4), multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), zinc oxide (ZnO), and polyaniline (PANI) as a microwave‐absorbing material, was carried out for the first time. The nanocomposite was prepared through a simple physical mixing approach and demonstrated tunable microwave absorption, making it highly suitable for shielding applications. Structural analysis techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM‐EDAX), confirmed the presence of all components in the nanocomposite. Moreover, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis) further verified the formation of nanocomposite components and revealed an adjustable optical bandgap ranging from 2.86 to 3.34 eV. Impressively, the nanocomposite exhibited promising microwave absorption properties, with a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −32.66 dB for the nanocomposite containing 37.50 % PANI by weight, and a maximum electromagnetic bandwidth (EB) of 2.26 GHz for the nanocomposite containing 44.44 % PANI by weight, indicating its potential as an effective shielding material. Furthermore, a modified theory combining transmission line, Landau‐Lifshits, and Drude‐Lorentz theories was introduced to extract complex relative permittivity and permeability, providing insights into the role of polyaniline in enhancing the microwave absorption properties of the nanocomposite as measured by reflection loss (RL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rich physical properties unveiled in a plethora of transition and rare-earth metal oxides have been attributed to the intricate interplays between the orbital, charge, and spin degrees of freedom. Among them, rare-earth manganites (RMnO3) have been attracting tremendous attention owing to the ionic size-induced lattice distortion dictated by the Goldschmidt tolerance factor and the substantial Jahn–Teller distortion unique to Mn3+ ions, which evidently have resulted in a variety of emergent characteristics in electronic, magnetic, and orbital ordering. In this work, we deliberately engineered the orientation of a series of orthorhombic YMnO3 (o-YMO) films grown on SrTiO3(100) [STO(100)] and SrTiO3(110) [STO(110)] substrates by means of pulsed laser deposition. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) and reciprocal space mapping revealed that o-YMO/STO(100) is c-axis-oriented and o-YMO/STO(110) is a-axis-oriented, respectively. The XRD ϕ-scans further indicate that both films have excellent in-plane crystallinity, allowing the exploration of anisotropies along the respective crystallographic orientations. Indeed, the x-ray absorption linear dichroism spectroscopy taken along the respective crystallographic orientations evidently exhibited substantial anisotropy. Theoretical fitting with configuration interaction cluster calculations suggests that the d 3 z 2 − r 2 orbitals are parallel to YMO[001]/(100), leading to stronger electron scattering along the c-axis. Independent polarization-dependent Δ R/R spectra obtained using the femtosecond pump–probe method exhibited substantial anisotropic behaviors in carrier relaxation dynamics when probing along different crystallographic orientations, presumably due to orbital ordering anisotropies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have successfully synthesized ZnFe2O4/SiO2—Morus alba L. nanoparticles as a drug delivery agent. The nanostructural and optical properties of ZnFe2O4/SiO2—Morus alba L. were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Antibacterial and drug delivery tests were conducted to examine the antibacterial activity and drug delivery performance of the nanoparticles, respectively. The peaks in the XRD patterns indicated the existence of ZnFe2O4 and SiO2 phases at 2θ = 35.4° and 22°–28°, respectively, in the sample. Meanwhile, the FTIR spectrum showed the functional group of ZnFe2O4—Morus alba L. at wavenumbers of 400–600 cm−1 and Si–O–Si at 1086 and 950 cm−1. The Si–O–Fe peak was also detected at 541–575 cm−1. The calculated bandgap energy was in the range of 3.003–3.218 eV. The TEM and SEM images revealed that the particle size varied in the range of 28.7–47.3 nm and confirmed the formation of a composite. The samples exhibited excellent antibacterial activity and inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli by up to 72% and 78%, respectively. The samples also possessed a desirable doxorubicin (DOX) loading, indicated by the appearance of DOX absorption peaks at wavelengths of 200–250 nm and 450–550 nm. Herein, the increase in SiO2 composition can speed up the DOX release process. Thus, the synthesized samples in this work meet the riteria for drug delivery application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for materials for next-generation spintronic applications has witnessed exponentially increasing interest, mainly due to the explosive development of numerous two-dimensional (2D) materials discovered in the last decade. Among them, MXenes have emerged as promising candidates for many applications due to their unique and versatile tunability in structure and properties. In particular, their excellent combination of conductivity and highly charged surfaces leads to outstanding electrochemical properties that are significant in electronic applications. Moreover, the ease of modifying the atomic and electronic structures, and thus the functionalities of MXenes, further opens up the opportunity to realize MXenes-based spintronic device applications. The explosive development of MXenes, such as tuning the bandgap and enhancing their magnetic properties, could pave the way for the integration of MXenes in device configurations suitable for spintronics. In this article, we provide an overview of the potential applications of MXenes with a special focus on spintronic device applications. We commence the discussion with various fundamental aspects of spintronics, including the understanding of materials for spintronics in general, MXenes, and their fabrication, followed by presenting perspectives on plausible strategies and future challenges in integrating MXenes into spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The people of Bolo Village, Ujung Pangkah District, Gresik Regency, choose to farm as a livelihood, both as farmers on their own land and on other people's land. Lime is a type of plant that is widely grown in the area. With a lime garden area of 450 hectares, lime farmers in this area can produce an average of 2-3 tons of lime per month per hectare. Lime from this subdistrict has also reached local and international markets, such as Malaysia and Singapore. The community also develops or processes lime into processed products that have higher economic value, for example processed into processed beverage products in the form of liquids, extracts, instant powders, or processed into belt products, cosmetics and so on. On the other hand, technological developments that are rapidly developing can basically be used to increase the marketability of limes, such as processing lime peels into more useful products, not just lime contents. Nanotechnology can be used to produce lime peel powder with a nanometer size using a tool called a ball mill and grinder. The process of making lime peel nanopowder using a ball mill is very simple. This tool has also been developed a lot so the price is also cheap. For this reason, the community service activities is carried out to provide education to lime farmers in the Ujung Pangkah sub-district, Gresik to process lime peels into powder and make it possible to obtain nanopowder which has high selling value and or produces processed lime into other products. The expected output is lime peel processed products into powders of various sizes, one of which is nanometer with a lime peel powder maker, in this case a ball mill and grinder with simple operations and low prices. In simple terms, especially large powders can be used as additional ingredients for spices, even tea mixtures. This community service activity can support the 12th point of the Sustainable Development Goals in promoting zero waste, namely responsible consumption and production; as well as on point 8, namely decent work and economic growth in encouraging the formation of MSMEs to utilize processed orange peels to increase their economic value. Thus, we also believe that the community service would not only increase the lime home industry in Bolo village significantly, but also increase awareness of the community about the environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in CO2 conversion to value-added chemicals and fuels has increased in recent years as part of strategic efforts to mitigate and use the excessive CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Much attention has been given to developing two-dimensional catalytic materials with high-efficiency CO2 adsorption capability and conversion yield. While several candidates are being investigated, MXenes stand out as one of the most promising catalysts and co-catalysts for CO2 reduction, given their excellent surface functionalities, unique layered structures, high surface areas, rich active sites, and high chemical stability. This review aims to highlight research progress and recent developments in the application of MXene-based catalysts for CO2 conversion to value-added chemicals, paying special attention to photoreduction and electroreduction. Furthermore, the underlying photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO2 conversion mechanisms are discussed. Finally, we provide an outlook for future research in this field, including photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal CO2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are becoming more prevalent in athletes. Anterior Cruciatum Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) surgery was used to treat ACL injuries and resulted in a recurrence rate of 94% due to the biomechanically repaired tissue being weaker than the original tissue. As a result, biodegradable artificial ligaments must be developed that can withstand mechanical stress during neoligament formation and stabilize the ACL. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of composition variations in polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) used as ACL nanofiber scaffolds on ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and modulus of elasticity, fiber diameter, cytotoxicity level, and degradation level, as well as the PLA-PCL concentration that provides the best value as an ACL scaffold. Electrospinning was used to fabricate the nanofiber scaffold with the following PLA-PCL compositions: A (100:0), B (85:15), C (80:20), D (70:30), and E (0:100) (wt%). The functional group test revealed no new peaks in any of the samples, and the ester group could be identified in the C-O bond at wave numbers 1300–1100 cm−1 and in the C=O bond at wave numbers 1750–1730 cm−1. The average fiber diameter, as determined by SEM morphology, is between 1000 and 2000 nm. The unbraided sample had a UTS range of 1.578–4.387 MPa and an elastic modulus range of 8.351–141.901 MPa, respectively, whereas the braided sample had a range of 0.879–1.863 MPa and 2.739–4.746 MPa. The higher the PCL composition, the lower the percentage of viable cells and the faster the sample degrades. All samples had a cell viability percentage greater than 60%, and samples C, D, and E had a complete degradation period greater than six months. The ideal scaffold, Sample C, was composed of PLA-PCL 80:20 (wt%), had an average fiber diameter of 827 ± 271 nm, a living cell percentage of 97.416 ± 5.079, and a degradation time of approximately 219 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ho monopnictides (HoPn: Pn = N, P, As, Sb, and Bi) and monochalcogenides (HoCh: Ch = S, Se, and Te) are known to possess a nontrivial magnetic structure, while solid-phase HoO has not been synthesized yet. In this study, a rock salt-type HoO epitaxial thin film was grown by using the pulsed laser deposition method, which had a bandgap of 0.11 eV and tunable electrical conduction via its oxygen nonstoichiometry. Its Curie temperature, above 130 K, was much higher than those of HoPn and HoCh, most likely due to an enhanced direct exchange interaction. Similar to HoPn and HoCh, a HoO thin film showed a metamagnetic behavior below the Curie temperature in spite of its dominant ferromagentic ordering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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CoFe2O4 (CFO) mesocrystals were synthesized in the form of collectively connected nanosized grains with specific crystallographic orientations. Such CFO mesocrystals were found to exhibit distinctive magnetic and optical properties substantially deviating from those observed in conventional CFO single crystals or in a system composed of randomly distributed nanocrystals. In this study, the magnetic and optical properties of CFO mesocrystals having the geometry of rectangular and triangular-shaped islands were extensively investigated. The magnetic strength and anisotropy behavior of rectangular CFO mesocrystals are larger than the triangular ones embedded in the BiFeO3 (BFO) matrix. The result indicates that the orientation of CFO mesocrystals and the magnetic exchange interactions at the CFO-BFO vertical interfaces are important to tune the magnetic properties of CFO mesocrystals. The strain states among the two constituent phases and the substrate also exhibited significant variations in the oxygen vacancy concentration, which in turn plays a determinate role in the optical behavior of the samples. The CFO mesocrystals embedded in rhombohedrally structured BFO matrix having Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio of 1.71 had a slightly smaller band gap than those embedded in a tetragonally structured BFO matrix with Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio of 2.52. The present study demonstrates an intriguing pathway for exploring new opportunities based on a functional CFO mesocrystal-embedded system for practical applications in opto-magnetic-related devices such as magneto-photovoltaics, memory devices, and sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron oxide/carbon-based nanocomposites are known as an ideal combination of magnetic-conductive materials that were recently developed in radar absorption application; one example is the Fe 3 O 4 /multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In this study, we try to boost their radar absorption ability by Mn-ion doping. Mn is an appropriate Fe substitute that is predicted to alter the magnetic properties and enhance the conductivity, which are crucial to developing their radar absorption properties. Diethylamine (DEA) is also used as a capping agent to improve the size and shape of the nanocomposite. In this study, a Mn x Fe 3- x O 4 -DEA/MWCNT nanocomposite is successfully prepared by the coprecipitation method using a variation of x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1. We found that the sample's magnetic saturation ( M s ) decreases, while the reflection loss (RL) increases with increasing the molar fraction of Mn. The enhancement of the radar wave absorption in the sample is dominated by dielectric losses due to the increase of electrical conductivity and interfacial polarization with the addition of Mn in the nanocomposites. We believe that our finding could shed light on the role of doping elements to develop the radar absorption properties, and further pave the way for the real implementation of iron oxides/graphene-based nanocomposite as radar-absorbing materials (RAMs)., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)