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Background: Anorectal condyloma is the representative venereal disease caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), which has more 180 subtypes. Although there are various known risk factors for recurrence, few studies have investigated the influence of HPV subtypes. Objective: We aimed to investigate the correlation between the recurrence of anorectal condyloma and HPV subtypes. Methods: We analyzed the clinical and histopathological information of 143 patients who underwent surgery for anorectal condyloma at the National Medical Center between March 2016 and September 2020. PCR analyses were performed to confirm the HPV subtype in 24 patients. Results: Recurrence was confirmed in 63 patients through outpatient follow-up over a median of 31.7 months (range: 0–56.2) after surgery. Recurrence was significantly associated with anorectal condyloma severity (p < 0.001), but there were no differences between the primary and recurrent groups, CD4-positive cell counts, or human immunodeficiency virus loads. The high-risk HPV subtype was associated with a high recurrence rate. Furthermore, the overall recurrence rate in anorectal condyloma patients was 44.1%. Conclusion: These results suggest that recurrence of anorectal condyloma has a significant association with high-risk HPV subtypes. Therefore, it is necessary to check for recurrences during follow-up after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]