23 results on '"Ardagna Yann"'
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2. Sex estimation from long bones: a machine learning approach
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Knecht, Siam, Santos, Fréderic, Ardagna, Yann, Alunni, Véronique, Adalian, Pascal, and Nogueira, Luísa
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- 2023
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3. Un dispositif singulier de l’Antiquité tardive à la chapelle Saint-Jean-de-Todon (Laudun-l’Ardoise, Gard, France)
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Ardagna, Yann, primary, Rigeade, Catherine, additional, Forest, Vianney, additional, Seguin, Maxime, additional, and Vidal, Laurent, additional
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- 2023
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4. An unusual funerary arrangement from Late Antiquity in the chapel of Saint-Jean-de-Todon (Laudun-l’Ardoise, Gard, France)—abridged version
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Ardagna, Yann, primary, Rigeade, Catherine, additional, Forest, Vianney, additional, Seguin, Maxime, additional, and Vidal, Laurent, additional
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- 2023
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5. Saint-Jean de Todon and Saint-Victor-la-Coste: exploring diet and social status in medieval southern France (C. 9TH – 13TH AD) using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses.
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Holmstrom, Jane, Dupras, Tosha, Ardagna, Yann, and Vidal, Laurent
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Religion played an important role in many facets of life during the Middle Ages; however, most knowledge comes from historical documents of the elite and church leaders and biochemical signatures from skeletons buried in church cemeteries. This research explores diet among individuals buried in contemporaneous cemeteries that served individuals of distinct social statuses, the elite site of Saint-Jean de Todon (9th – 13th century AD), and the lower-status site of Saint-Victor-la-Coste (9th – 13th century AD). Individuals from Saint-Jean de Todon (n = 173) show a δ
13 C value range from − 21.6 to − 17.4‰ and a δ15 N value range from 8.1 to 12.5‰. Individuals from Saint-Victor-la-Coste (n = 16) show a δ13 C‰ value range from − 20.9 to − 18.3‰ and a δ15 N value range from 8.6 to 10.8‰. There were statistically significant differences for δ15 N values between males and females at Saint-Jean de Todon (p =.025), suggesting males having more animal protein in their diet. A statistical significance in comparison of δ13 C and δ15 N between Saint-Jean de Todon and Saint-Victor-la-Coste was found (p <.001 and p =.002, respectively), indicating differential diet due to status differences of the burial populations. The variety in burial styles at Saint-Jean de Todon suggest individuals with differing levels of social power; however, isotopically, their diet is similar to the rest of the cemetery population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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6. The nuns of Saint-Pierre de l’Almanarre: An isotopic pilot study
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Holmstrom, Jane, primary, Dupras, Tosha, additional, Ardagna, Yann, additional, and Olivier, David, additional
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- 2023
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7. Recrutement pluriel : l’exemple du cimetière de la porte Royale de Toulon (1709-1829)
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Ardagna, Yann, primary, Henrion, Élise, additional, Olivier, David, additional, Viau, Clément, additional, Robert, Lucie, additional, and Roquecave, Marie-Hélène, additional
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- 2023
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8. Les défunts du Fortin de Girolata (Osani, Corse-du-Sud) : malades, blessés militaires ou exclus ?
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Rigeade, Catherine, primary, Ardagna, Yann, additional, Huser, Astrid, additional, Fabre, Veronique, additional, Forest, Vianney, additional, Laforge, Vincent, additional, and Maniez, Yves, additional
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- 2023
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9. Old World Medieval Treponema pallidum Complex Treponematosis: A Case Report
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Oumarou Hama, Hamadou, primary, Boualam, Mahmoud A, additional, Levasseur, Anthony, additional, Ardagna, Yann, additional, Adalian, Pascal, additional, Chaix, Annie-Claire, additional, and Drancourt, Michel, additional
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- 2023
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10. Rickets and the industrial revolution in France: The example of Provence.
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Perrin, Marie, Schmitt, Aurore, and Ardagna, Yann
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RICKETS ,INDUSTRIAL revolution ,VITAMIN D deficiency ,FISHER exact test ,SIXTEENTH century - Abstract
This article aims to estimate the prevalence of rickets and its development during the Industrial Revolution in southeastern France through the study of a large skeletal collection from two recently excavated sites in La Ciotat and Marseille. In total, 790 individuals were selected based on their state of preservation: 556 adults and 234 nonadults. All individuals were systematically examined for macroscopic paleopathological evidence of rickets, based on 13 features indicative of vitamin D deficiency. Rickets was rare in our population, with only 3% of the sample showing signs of the disease. Individuals who died during childhood were more likely to present lesions associated with rickets: 7.7% of the nonadult population show signs of rickets against 1.1% of the adult one (Fisher's exact test: p < 0.001). Moreover, these lesions generally indicated early stages with mechanical bowing of long bones being particularly rare, unlike metaphyseal deformities. Far from the expected increase described by medico‐historical literature, incidence was low and showed no change from the 16th to the 20th century. Furthermore, an increase in residual cases in adults results suggest better survival of vitamin D deficiency, which could reflect better handling of the disease. This is the first study dealing with rickets during the Industrial Revolution in France, and based on osteological material, forthcoming analyses should now focus on the incorporation of radiographic and microscopic criteria to further validate our cases and working hypotheses. Additionally, future research could benefit from the inclusion of a broader sample of individuals from early and late modern contexts, but also from the consideration of local medieval contexts providing a detailed overview that could highlight secular changes over a long period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Enjeux et apports des analyses paléomicrobiologiques invasives pour l’étude des infections des populations corses anciennes
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Biagini, Philippe, Poli, Jean-Pierre, Guinoiseau, Elodie, Meffray, Avril, Ardagna, Yann, Rigeade, Catherine, Jouffroy, Denis, Nonza-Micaelli, Angélique, Colonna, Antonia, Chiaroni, Jacques, and Berti, Liliane
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Cultural Studies ,Archeology ,Anthropology - Abstract
Les recherches bioarchéologiques portant sur la santé des populations corses à travers le temps sont encore totalement inédites. Cet aspect des interactions homme-milieux n’a en effet été que très peu exploité dans le cadre des recherches archéologiques menées depuis plus de 20 ans en Corse. Des collections ostéoarchéologiques récentes sont actuellement disponibles pour études, notamment dans le cadre de recherches anthropobiologiques dépassant l’établissement du profil biologique des sujets ...
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- 2023
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12. Contribution des analyses paléomicrobiologiques invasives à l’étude des pathologies infectieuses des très jeunes enfants dans les communautés anciennes
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Meffray, Avril, Biagini, Philippe, and Ardagna, Yann
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Cultural Studies ,Archeology ,Anthropology - Abstract
Les individus immatures représentent une frange essentielle des populations anciennes, qu’il s’agisse de très jeunes sujets encore dépendants du soin des adultes ou d’individus plus âgés contribuant déjà à la vie sociale et économique de leur communauté. À l’heure actuelle, les études bioarchéologiques sur la santé des enfants dans le passé concernent souvent des problématiques telles que la nutrition et les pathologies carentielles. Notre projet se concentre sur la présence des infections au...
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- 2023
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13. Présence de la syphilis dans l’enclos du Temple (Paris, XIIe-XIVe et XVe-XVIIIe siècles)
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Ardagna, Yann, primary, Meffray, Avril, additional, Wermuth, Elodie, additional, Biagini, Philippe, additional, and Caillot, Isabelle, additional
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- 2023
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14. Mapping mobility: using isoscapes and GIS to investigate movement and status of individuals from the medieval cemetery site of Saint-Jean de Todon, Laudun-l’Ardoise, Gard, France
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Holmstron, Jane, primary, Dupras, Tosha, additional, Ardagna, Yann, additional, and Vidal, Laurent, additional
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- 2023
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15. Old World Medieval Treponema pallidum Complex Treponematosis: A Case Report.
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Hama, Hamadou Oumarou, Boualam, Mahmoud A, Levasseur, Anthony, Ardagna, Yann, Adalian, Pascal, Chaix, Annie-Claire, and Drancourt, Michel
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TREPONEMA pallidum ,GLOBUS pallidus ,MEDICAL microbiology ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,METAGENOMICS - Abstract
Background Introduction of 1 Treponema pallidum complex pathogen in naive European populations following the return of Christopher Columbus' troops from Central America in 1493 is a central dogma in venereology. Methods Among skeletal elements from the seventh or eighth century uncovered in Roquevaire, France, individual RS-1003 femur macroscopically suspected of having an infectious disease was investigated by means of paleoautoimmunohistochemistry, direct metagenomics, and paleoserology, along with 1 control femur from an apparently healthy individual (R-1003) and experimental negative controls. Results RS-1003 femur showed infectious bone; paleoautoimmunohistochemistry of the lesions led to microscopic detection of a T. pallidum complex pathogen. Phylogenetic analyses comprising 71 T. pallidum complex–specific reads covering 2.37% of the T. pallidum subsp. pallidum reference genome sequence revealed an ancestral T. pallidum complex pathogen in the lesion. Paleoserology detecting T. pallidum –specific antigens confirmed positive serological findings in individual RS-1003. Individual R-1003 and the negative controls remained negative. Conclusions This case, predating by 8 centuries previous detections of T. pallidum complex treponematosis in Europe, indicated that European populations were not naive to these pathogens before the 1493 introduction of a Central American T. pallidum complex pathogen overwhelming the T. pallidum ones previously circulating in the Old World. These data break a century-old dogma in medical microbiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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16. Nouvelles données sur l’épidémiologie passée et actuelle de la spondylolyse lombo-sacrée et son association avec la spina bifida occulta
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Devos, Marie, Kacki, Sacha, Villotte, Sébastien, Gandia, David, Chaumoitre, Kathia, Saliba-Serre, Bérengère, Verna, Emeline, Ardagna, Yann, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Archeodunum
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tomodensitométrie ,spondylolyse ,populations anciennes ,[SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology ,spondylolysis ,computed tomography ,paléopathologie ,ancient populations ,palaeopathology ,spina bifida occulta - Abstract
International audience; Spondylolysis is a bony defect of the pars interarticularis mainly arising from repeated traumas. Other factors such as spina bifida occulta (SBO) are mentioned in clinical and palaeopathology but have been little studied. The aim of our study is to provide information on the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and its association with SBO in three samples: 1) a sample from the general contemporary French population (CT scans from the Nord hospital in Marseille); 2) a large mediaeval and modern osteoarchaeological collection from the cemetery of Notre-Dame-du-Bourg cathedral (NDB) (Digne-les-Bains, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence); and finally, 3) a corpus of prevalence data taken from the literature. Our results show that for the contemporary population, 26 out of 496 adult patients aged 18 to 69 years displayed at least one lumbar spondylolysis (5.2%). Its prevalence was significantly higher among patients with SBO (Odds ratio 3.8). In the NDB series, 9 individuals out of 455 had spondylolysis (2.0%). The prevalence was higher in the mediaeval period (3.5%) than in the modern period (0.5%). The same trend was found in our analysis of all European data in the literature, and the prevalence of spondylolysis was not associated with the presence of SBO.; La spondylolyse est une solution de continuité de la pars interarticularis principalement secondaire à des traumatismes répétés. D’autres facteurs, comme la spina bifida occulta (SBO) sont évoqués mais peu étudiés en clinique et en paléopathologie. Notre étude a pour objectif de renseigner la prévalence de la spondylolyse lombaire et son association avec la SBO au sein de trois corpus : 1) un échantillon issu de la population générale française contemporaine (tomodensitométrie, centre hospitalo-universitaire Nord de Marseille) ; 2) une large collection ostéoarchéologique médiévale et moderne provenant du cimetière de la cathédrale de Notre-Dame-du-Bourg (NDB) (Digneles-Bains, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) et enfin 3) un corpus de données issues de la littérature paléopathologique. Les résultats révèlent que, pour la population contemporaine, 26 patients adultes âgés de 18 à 69 ans parmi 496 montrent au moins une spondylolyse lombaire (5,2 %). Sa prévalence est significativement plus élevée chez les patients avec une SBO (odds ratio 3,8). Au sein de la série de NDB, 9 individus parmi 455 présentent une spondylolyse (2,0 %). La prévalence est plus élevée à la période médiévale (3,5 %) qu’à la période moderne (0,5 %). La même tendance a été retrouvée lors de l’analyse de l’ensemble des données européennes de la littérature et la prévalence de la spondylolyse n’était pas associée à la présence d’une SBO.
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- 2022
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17. Le dolmen du Villard, Lauzet-Ubaye (04) et le contexte funéraire au Néolithique dans les Alpes méridionales
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Ardagna, Yann, Convertini, Fabien, Delestre, Xavier, Desideri, Jocelyne, Duday, Henri, Fourvel, Jean-Baptiste, Harmey, Laurie, Negroni, Sabine, Sauzade, Gérard, Schmitt, Aurore, Sauzade, Gérard, and Schmitt, Aurore
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Néolithique final ,HD ,architecture ,Campaniforme ,pratiques funéraires ,Final Neolithic ,collective burial ,anthropologie ,Provence ,Bell Beakers ,Archaeology ,sépulture collective ,funerary practice ,anthropology ,SOC003000 - Abstract
Le dolmen du Villard est l’unique monument mégalithique conservé d’un petit groupe de huit dolmens alpins découverts près de Gap et disparus à la fin du XIXe s. Situé au confluent de la Durance et de l’Ubaye, il est signalé dès 1894. Les recherches sur cette tombe ainsi que sa restauration se sont déroulées de 1980 à 1983. La bonne conservation des restes osseux humains et du mobilier a favorisé l’étude détaillée du fonctionnement de la sépulture et du traitement des dépouilles. Les datations radiocarbone ont permis d’identifier deux périodes d’utilisation, l’une, au Bronze ancien, l’autre, au Campaniforme. Cette sépulture a accueilli au moins 25 individus immatures et adultes des deux sexes. Le mobilier est spécifique du Campaniforme. Pendant une partie de l’occupation, les défunts étaient déposés au centre de la chambre. Un espace de rangement d’ossements, une fois les corps décomposés, était situé contre le chevet. À son sommet, deux vertèbres de bœuf en connexion correspondant probablement à une offrande ont été déposées sur quatre pierres. Au nord, un espace quasiment vide d’ossements pourrait avoir été utilisé comme espace de circulation. Dans la partie conservée du tumulus à l’ouest ont été découverts des fragments d’os humains et quelques objets du Bronze moyen et final. Cette étude du dolmen du Villard est accompagnée d’un bilan des pratiques funéraires en Provence au Campaniforme et au cours des périodes proches s’appuyant sur un corpus de sépultures qui permet d’en évaluer l’évolution. The Villard dolmen is the only preserved megalithic monument of a small group of eight alpine dolmens discovered near Gap and disappeared at the end of the 19th century. Situated at the confluence of the Durance and the Ubaye rivers, it was reported as early as 1894. Research on this tomb as well as its restoration took place from 1980 to 1983. The good conservation of the human bone remains and furniture has favoured the detailed study of the functioning of the burial and the treatment of the remains. Radiocarbon dating has made it possible to identify two periods of use, one in Ancient Bronze and the other in Campaniform. This burial site hosted at least 25 immature and adult individuals of both sexes. The furnishings are specific to the Campaniform. During part of the occupation, the deceased were placed in the centre of the room. A storage area for bones, once the bodies had decomposed, was located at the bedside. At its top, two connected vertebrae of oxen, probably corresponding to an offering, were placed on four stones. To the north, an almost empty space of bones could have been used as a circulation space. In the preserved part of the burial mound to the west, fragments of human bones and some objects of the Middle and Final Bronze were discovered. This study of the Villard dolmen is accompanied by an assessment of funerary practices in Provence during the Campaniform and during the nearby periods, based on a corpus of burials that allows us to evaluate their evolution.
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- 2022
18. Le dolmen
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Sauzade, Gérard, Schmitt, Aurore, Ardagna, Yann, Convertini, Fabien, Desideri, Jocelyne, Fourvel, Jean-Baptiste, Harmey, Laurie, and Negroni, Sabine
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Néolithique final ,HD ,architecture ,Campaniforme ,pratiques funéraires ,Final Neolithic ,collective burial ,anthropologie ,Provence ,Bell Beakers ,Archaeology ,sépulture collective ,funerary practice ,anthropology ,SOC003000 - Abstract
1. La découverte (Gérard Sauzade) Le dolmen du Villard a été signalé pour la première fois par Gabriel de Mortillet en 1894. Celui-ci se rendit sur place accompagné par l’inventeur David Martin, professeur d’histoire naturelle à Embrun puis à Gap et fouilleurs de plusieurs sites archéologiques dans la région. Il souligne son bon état de conservation du fait qu’il « a servi de centre à un clapier d’épierrement des champs » et qu’une partie seulement était visible. Ce fait est parfaitement mis ...
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- 2022
19. Les vestiges osseux de contextes contemporains
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Ardagna, Yann
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archéologie funéraire ,History & Archaeology ,rites et cérémonies funéraires ,industrie funéraire - Abstract
L’ensemble des travaux archéologiques, anthropologiques ou médicaux souligne que la valeur scientifique des collections ostéologiques n’est plus à démontrer. Plus d’une quinzaine de domaines d’étude ou d’enseignement ont pour support des restes osseux humains. En effet, les vestiges osseux, notamment en contexte archéologique, ont la double particularité d’être pertinents en qualité de témoin biologique mais aussi comme support d’une pratique funéraire. Les exploitations scientifiques (paléob...
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- 2022
20. Les sources du funéraire en France à l'époque contemporaine
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Ardagna, Yann, Bellanger, Emmanuel, Belle, Véronique, Bernard, Julien, Bertherat, Bruno, Bertrand, Régis, Blas, Verónica Sierra, Boehm, Tessa, Carol, Anne, Chevandier, Christian, Deflorenne, Xavier, Duteil-Ogata, Fabienne, Fogacci, Tony, Gleize, Bérengère, Groud, Guénola, Guyonnet, François, Héran, Emmanuelle, Hidiroglou, Patricia, Kirschleger, Pierre-Yves, Lalouette, Jacqueline, Lavergne, David, Marx, Jean, Menenteau, Sandra, Nonnis, Serenella, Paya, Didier, Picard, Nicolas, Renaudet, Isabelle, Robin, Sylvie, Romon, Thomas, Sauget, Stéphanie, Scioldo-Zürcher, Yann, Sylvain, Marc, Trompette, Pascale, Vidor, Gian Marco, and Bertherat, Bruno
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archéologie funéraire ,History & Archaeology ,rites et cérémonies funéraires ,industrie funéraire - Abstract
Qu'est-ce que le funéraire ? C'est un ensemble, nous dit-on ici, de discours, de représentations et de pratiques sociales autour de la mort, des funérailles, du deuil et de la mémoire des disparus. Et pourquoi ce funéraire est-il si important ? Parce qu'il perpétue la mémoire d'une communauté, écarte la rupture entre la société des vivants et celle des morts. Pour la première fois, une équipe de chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales et de conservateurs du patrimoine brasse les sources du funéraire, anciennes et nouvelles, en livre les clés d'accès, dévoile les enjeux et l'importance de ce patrimoine pour les sociétés à venir.
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- 2022
21. À propos de deux cas de brucellose dans le sud de la France aux époques médiévale et moderne (Abbaye Saint-Sauveur, Aniane ; La Closeraie, Aix-en-Provence)
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Meffray, Avril, Biagini, Philippe, Rigeade, Catherine, Schneider, Laurent, Panuel, Michel, Ardagna, Yann, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives - Centre de recherches archéologiques de Marseille (Inrap, Marseille), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Médiévale et Moderne en Méditerranée (LA3M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thème 1 - Territoires, Économie, Environnement (CIHAM - TerEcoEnv), Histoire, Archéologie et Littératures des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux (CIHAM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives - Centre de Recherches Archéologiques de Marseille (Inrap, Marseille)
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Pedro-Pons' sign ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Paléopathologie ,Signe de Pedro-Pons ,Palaeopathology ,Fièvre méditerranéenne ,Mediterranean fever ,Paléomicrobiologie ,Infections ,Palaeomicrobiology - Abstract
International audience; Brucellosis, known as "Mediterranean fever", has been an endemic zoonosis in human societies, especially in rural and island environments, for thousands of years. The macroscopic characteristics of this infection by Brucella bacteria are well defined, but they are difficult to assess in palaeopathological diagnoses, as reflected by the small number of cases in the relevant literature. This is due to the rather complex differential diagnosis of the disease, in particular involving other infections with a predilection for the spine which were very frequent in past populations. This article presents the results of a study of two unpublished cases of brucellosis, one from the mediaeval Carolingian monastic complex of Saint-Sauveur d’Aniane (34), and the other from the mediaeval and modern cemetery of La Closeraie, in Aix-en-Provence (13). The aim of this article is therefore to present the palaeopathological data obtained for these subjects, in whom macroscopic lesions observed on the lumbar spine, supported by medical imaging, suggest brucellosis. These new findings demonstrate the need to broaden the scope of approaches in order to reinvestigate this pathology in ancient contexts. Our aim is to invite anthropological biologists to consider this diagnostic possibility in their studies of osteoarchaeological series, whether newly discovered or already uncovered in the past.; En tant que "fièvre méditerranéenne", la brucellose est une zoonose endémique au sein des sociétés humaines, tout particulièrement en milieux ruraux et insulaires, depuis des millénaires. Les critères macroscopiques de cette infection par les bactéries du genre Brucella sont certes bien définis, mais demeurent difficiles à mettre en œuvre lors d’études paléopathologiques, comme en témoigne le faible nombre de cas rapportés dans la littérature. La brucellose souffre en effet d’un diagnostic différentiel plutôt complexe, impliquant notamment d’autres infections à prédilection rachidienne très fréquentes dans les populations du passé. Cet article expose les résultats de l’étude de deux cas inédits de brucellose, issus du complexe monastique carolingien et médiéval de Saint-Sauveur d’Aniane (34) d’une part, et du cimetière médiéval et moderne de La Closeraie à Aix-en-Provence (13) d’autre part. Notre étude vise à présenter les données paléopathologiques obtenues pour ces sujets, dont les lésions macroscopiques observées sur le rachis lombaire, étayées par l’imagerie médicale, évoquent une brucellose. Ces nouveaux éléments témoignent de la nécessité de multiplier les approches afin d’engager une redécouverte de cette pathologie en contextes anciens. Notre objectif est ainsi d’inciter les anthropologues biologistes à envisager cette possibilité diagnostique lors de leurs études de séries ostéoarchéologiques, fussent-elles inédites ou anciennement mises au jour.
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- 2022
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22. CONGENITAL SYPHILIS IN MODERN FRANCE: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDY.
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Meffray, Avril, Biagini, Philippe, and Ardagna, Yann
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CONGENITAL, hereditary, & infantile syphilis ,PALEOPATHOLOGY ,PALEOMICROBIOLOGY ,NUCLEIC acid isolation methods - Abstract
This project focuses on children, as active agents contributing socially and economically to the functioning of ancient communities, in relation to past infectious diseases. We present the paleopathological and paleomicrobiological study of non-adult skeletons from four French archaeological collections: The "Carreau du Temple" (16th-18th centuries, Paris); The "Prêcheurs" (16
th -17th , Aix-en-Provence) and "Crottes" (18th -19th , Marseille) cemeteries; and the "Capelette" (17th -18th , Marseille). Those individuals were selected according to their age (fetal age up to 10 years old), their bone state of preservation and the occurrence of pathological lesions. Our research was designed as a three-step study of those non-adult skeletal remains: paleopathological survey, molecular analyses, and search for historical data for contextual information. The macroscopic research was based on a systematic recording of the infectious pathological indicators. The paleomicrobiological methods (DNA extractions, PCR amplifications, Sanger sequencing and punctual Next-Generation Sequencing) were selected according to the relevant literature and followed the recommended authenticity criteria for ancient DNA analyses. Our macroscopic study was frequently hindered by the non-specific nature of the observed lesions. Nevertheless, the implementation of molecular tools allowed the identification of several - and previously unsuspected - cases of congenital syphilis among these children, highlighting the presence of this under-documented disease in these modern archaeological contexts. Such findings illustrate the benefits of integrating multidisciplinary data to improve our knowledge of child health and, to a broader extent, infectious diseases communities in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
23. PRESENCE OF TREPONEMATOSIS IN THE TEMPLAR DISTRICT OF PARIS (XII-XIV/XV-XVII CENTURIES).
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Ardagna, Yann, Meffray, Avril, Wermuth, Elodie, Biagini, Philippe, and Caillot, Isabelle
- Subjects
TREPONEMATOSES ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL human remains ,PALEOMICROBIOLOGY ,PALEOPATHOLOGY - Abstract
In 2011, in the center of Paris, about 4,000 m2 have been unearthed, due to the rehabilitation of the "Carreau du Temple" market (actual third district) within the Templar enclosure. As a follow-up, a Templar district founded during the second half of the 12th century had been excavated. The western part of the site evidenced remains of the Sainte-Marie-du-Temple church and its adjoining cemetery. Funerary occupation showed two different periods of inhumation, one referring to the Templar population between the 13th-14th centuries (phase 1) and another one related to the parish of the Templar ring, in use during the 15th-17th centuries (phase 2). The paleopathological study of the corpus specimens evidenced cranial and tibial lesions potentially linked to treponemal diseases. Finally, our results consider one adult male subject from the medieval phase and two crania for the modern one. Additional paleomicrobiological analyses were carried out with dental samples. Preliminary results yielded optimistic results for Treponema pallidum sspp., thus confirming the macroscopic suspicions of treponemal disease involvement in this sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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