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Myristicaceae known as one of the plants that widely used as traditional medicine. Utilization of Horsfieldia spicata (Roxb.) J. Sinclair, one of the Myristicaceae family member as a sources of antidiabetic active compounds are still needed. The antidiabetic activity of methanol extract (ME) and its fractions [hexane fraction (HF), ethyl acetate fraction (EF), butanol fraction (BF) and residue fraction (RF)] of H. Spicata stem bark were in vitro tested by measuring of screening of phytochemical contents, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity. Phytochemical screening result showed that (ME) indicated the presence of flavonoid and saponin compounds. Due to the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds measurement result, indicated that ME has a highest value for total phenolic compounds (14.709 ± 0.23 µg/mL) and EF for total flavonoid compounds (55.825 ± 2.21 µg/mL). Antidiabetic activity of the ME, HF, EF, BF, and RF against α-glucosidase enzyme showed that ME has antidiabetic activity with IC50 value 49.30 µg/mL, which is it was higher than HF, BF and RF, but less active compared to EF and quercetin (positive control) with the IC50 value are 159.64, 50.60, 94.01, 22.73, 2.99 µg/mL, respectively. The result showed that (EF) of methanolic extract of H. Spicata has inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase enzyme, and potential to be develop as antidiabetic active fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin care products that give the appearance of Korean skin are in increasing demand in Indonesia. Perception of beauty may result in desires to have dewy skin with lighter tones instantly. One of the dangerous ingredients that is often added to skin lightening is mercury. Mercury is added to skin care products as a skin-bleaching agent to inhibits melanin production. This study has been successfully determinate mercury exposure in 15 skin care products that commonly used to get dewy and brighter skin. Mercury determination is carried out using direct mercury analyzer, which is a simple mercury detector that thermally decomposes the sample to release mercury which will be captured by amalgamator and measured with a spectrometer at 253.7 nm. Validation parameters used were linearity, Limit of Detection (LoD), Limit of Quantitation (LoQ), precision and accuracy. Linearity, used standard solution of 0.5 – 25 µg/kg, was obtained from concentrations of 2 to 15 µg/kg and it produced regression equation y=0.0338x+0.0183 with r2 0.9996. The Limit of Detection (LoD) and the Limit of Quantitation (LoQ) in this study were 0.15 and 0.46 µg/kg, respectively. The precision was determined by %RSD with the result 4.66 %. Accuracy used recovery of spiked standard, the % recovery result is 99.49 %. The results of measurement showed that no mercury founded in tested skin care products, it is also under threshold set by Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia, <1.0 mg/kg or <1.0 mg/L. Use of skin care that contains mercury must be reduced due to prolonged exposure to mercury through repeated skin care applications may cause mercury accumulation in the body tissues leading to the impairment of brain, nervous and renal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our continuous investigation of the chemical constituent of the leaves of Horsfieldia spicata (Myristicaceae) led to the isolation of asarinin, a furofuran lignan compound. H. spicata dried leaves were macerated with methanol to obtained methanol extract (ME), ME further fractionated with n-hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and butanol (BF). EAF subjected to column chromatography (CC)(silica gel 0.2-0.5 mm, gradient n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol with 5% increase in polarity), a white needle crystal successfully isolated from sub-fraction of HDEA-SF 2. The chemical structure of asarinin was elucidated based on spectroscopic data collected from LC-MS and NMR data (1D-and 2D-NMR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial resistance due to the overuse of antibiotics has become a global health problem. The discovery and development of new active compounds to solve the antimicrobial resistance problems are urgently required. This research was conducted to study the antimicrobial potential of citronellyl isobutyrate (CIB) and geranyl isobutyrate (GIB). CIB and GIB are derivatives of citronella oil extracted from the lemongrass plant, one of the Indonesian native medicinal plants. The esters'antimicrobial was analyzed in vitro by antibacterial and antifungal tests using the agar diffusion method and compared to streptomycin sulfate as a standard. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was then evaluated using a serial microdilution assay. The esters exhibited moderate to vigorous antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, with activity index (AI) values between 34.17-93.59%. The results revealed that the compounds have the potential to be developed as antibiotics. Therefore, this study is expected to help overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ensuring food safety, crucial and strategic policies are taken based on scientific information and analytical measurements obtained from the standard and validated methods. Therefore, accurate and high-quality measurements are essential to ensure that the results align with the regulation. One of the parameters that can be assessed for the reliability of an analytical method is its estimated measurement uncertainty. In this work, the measurement uncertainty for quantitative analysis of endosulfan sulfate in black tea using GC-ECD was estimated based on a bottom-up approach according to EURACHEM/CITAC GUIDE, considering the uncertainty from sample preparation, calibration curve, standard solutions, recovery, repeatability, and water content. The results showed that the main sources of combined measurement uncertainty were calibration curve, recovery, and repeatability. The expanded measurement uncertainty was calculated at around 12% (coverage factor k=2, confidence level 95%) for the sample's concentration of 527 µg/kg. Comparing this value and CV Horwitz showed that the estimation was reasonable and demonstrated its fitness for purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]