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This study aims to determine the effect of financial compensation, intrinsic motivation and physical work environment on the performance of employees of the Human Resources Development Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. The type of research used is quantitative research. This study used primary data by distributing questionnaires to as many as 138 respondents. Data analysis uses descriptive and inferential analysis. In the implementation of the study using primary data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires and processed with SPSS 25. The results of the study showed that the financial compensation variable (X1) had a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of the Human Resources Development Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. The intrinsic motivation variable (X2) has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of the Human Resources Development Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. Physical work environment variables (X3) have a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of the Human Resources Development Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates whether institutional investors moderate the relationship between ethical commitment and financial performance amongst Malaysian companies. Through the role of institutional investors, the external monitoring mechanism is expected to reduce the cost associated with the agency problem amongst Malaysian companies, as shown by the lack of ethical practises. Using data from 429 publicly listed companies on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia from 2012 to 2021, the results show that companies with higher ETHICS have better financial performance than companies with lower ETHICS. However, the findings on the moderating effect of institutional investors cannot be proven. By separating the sample based on pre‐MCCG 2017, institutional investors were found to have an association between ETHICS and performance, but no evidence was found during the period post‐MCCG 2017. This study adds to the perspective of agency theory in the academic literature, of which companies can create values by being committed to higher ethical practises. Results on the moderating effect of institutional investors provide perspective on external monitoring mechanisms in the Malaysian market because they are found to have a monitoring role in enhancing corporate performance. However, such a role decreases after the introduction of MCCG 2017. This study provides insights for Malaysian regulators on the necessity to keep promoting ethical practises and transparency amongst companies to achieve the goals of the National Anti‐Corruption Plan 2019–2023. The ethical practises, however, are not limited to listed companies, and regulators should also consider monitoring the institutions within the capital market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]