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This study conducted an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the predictability of tooth movements and clinical effectiveness of clear aligner therapy (CAT) compared to fixed appliances (FAs). The PRISMA guidelines were followed, and seven electronic databases were systematically searched for publications up to March 15, 2022. The quality of the included SRs and RCTs was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 and RoB-2 tools, respectively. Initially, 18 SRs and 2 RCTs were identified, and after quality assessments, 11 SRs and 1 RCT were retained for data synthesis. The comparison between software-predicted and actual tooth movements indicated that CAT's accuracy in predicting rotational movements, especially for canines, was not reliable. Horizontal movements, particularly in the upper incisors, were more predictable, while vertical movements were less predictable. The overall American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) objective grading system (OGS) scores did not show a significant difference between the CAT and FAs groups, with a high heterogeneity of 90 % (P

Introduction: Human pose estimation, a computer vision technique that identifies body parts and constructs human body representations from images and videos, has recently demonstrated high performance through deep learning. However, its potential application in clinical photography remains underexplored. This study aimed to establish photographic parameters for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using pose estimation and to determine correlations between these photographic parameters and corresponding radiographic measures. Methods: We conducted a study involving 42 patients with AIS who had undergone spinal correction surgery and conservative treatment. Preoperative photographs were captured using an iPhone 13 Pro mounted on a tripod positioned at the head of an X-ray tube. From the outputs of pose estimation, we derived five photographic parameters and subsequently conducted a statistical analysis to assess their correlations with relevant conventional radiographic parameters. Results: In the sagittal plane, we identified significant correlations between photographic and radiographic parameters measuring trunk tilt angles. In the coronal plane, significant correlations were found between photographic parameters measuring shoulder height and trunk tilt and corresponding radiographic measurements. Conclusions: The results suggest that pose estimation, achievable with common mobile devices, offers potential for AIS screening, early detection, and continuous posture monitoring, effectively mitigating the need for X-ray radiation exposure. Level of Evidence: 3.

Research has demonstrated the important role of co-teacher communication and planning, but relatively little is understood about co-teacher interactions during the act of teaching itself and how these interactions relate to educators' positionings and ongoing identity development. This paper presents a case study of interaction between two co-facilitators of a team of Japanese youth during a week-long, synchronous, online workshop on human-centred design. One co-facilitator had several years of experience, and the other was a first-timer. Using positioning theory and discourse analysis, we show that the co-facilitators developed a relatively stable pattern of instructional authority delegation, or the social order that guides who has rights and responsibilities over which forms of instructional decision-making. We describe the delegation between the co-teachers in this study as involving 'instructional content authority' and 'instructional language authority', established through interactions of positioning early in the workshop. Then, we examine an interview activity later in the workshop that seemed to disrupt the established pattern. This work extends research on co-teacher communication and teacher learning to understand co-teacher interactions during live teaching, with potential implications for co-teacher preparation and the learning of less experienced co-teachers.

High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe standard model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the standard model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals that can be uniquely probed in the forward region. FPF experiments will be sensitive to a broad range of BSM physics through searches for new particle scattering or decay signatures and deviations from SM expectations in high statistics analyses with TeV neutrinos in this low-background environment. High statistics neutrino detection will also provide valuable data for fundamental topics in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD and in weak interactions. Experiments at the FPF will enable synergies between forward particle production at the LHC and astroparticle physics to be exploited. We report here on these physics topics, on infrastructure, detector, and simulation studies, and on future directions to realize the FPF's physics potential.

Developing electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems, such as capacitors, batteries, and fuel cells is crucial to address rapidly growing global energy demands and environmental concerns for a sustainable society. Significant efforts have been devoted to the structural design and engineering of various electrode materials to improve economic applicability and electrochemical performance. The yolk-shell structures represent a special kind of core-shell morphologies, which show great application potential in energy storage, controlled delivery, adsorption, nanoreactors, sensing, and catalysis. Their controllable void spaces may facilitate the exposure of more ative sites for redox reactions and enhance selective adsorption. Based on different nanoarchitectonic designs and fabrication techniques, the yolk-shell structures with controllable structural nanofeatures and the homo- or hetero-compositions provide multiple synergistic effects to promote reactions on the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. This review is focused on the key structural features of yolk-shell architectures, highlighting the recent advancements in their fabrication with adjustable space and mono- or multi-metallic composites. The effects of tailorable structure and functionality of yolk-shell nanostructures on various electrochemical processes are also summarized.

The spread of COVID-19 has drastically increased the number of people wearing masks in public areas and the opportunities to evaluate others’ faces based on limited information. This study investigates the cognitive bias in judging the attractiveness of faces partially hidden by sanitary masks. Experiment 1 revealed that men rated women's faces as more attractive when wearing masks, specifically in the context of rating women as romantic partners; however, this mask bias was absent when men rated women as friends. On the other hand, women did not show the mask bias irrespective of the assumed social relationship. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the mask bias among elderly men was less affected by the assumed social relationship (or the possibility of reproduction), compared to young men, though they showed the bias itself. These results suggest that the cognitive strategies related to reproduction underlie the attractiveness judgment of the partial faces.

From the inception of artificial intelligence (AI) in optical coherence tomography (OCT) for glaucoma diagnosis, the emphasis has always been on models focusing on visual data. The visual signals are extrapolated from the optic disc and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) region and are processed visually. This manuscript introduces a novel bimodal AI model that combines visual data from OCT with numerical metrics such as RNFL thickness, vCDR, rim area, and cup volume. Furthermore, our unique model utilises an algorithm that goes one step further than existing models in the literature by providing multi-classification (normal vs mild/moderate vs severe) as opposed to binary classification.

The purpose of this activity is to provide insight and increase teacher knowledge at MI Al-Ittihad about making Algameta media, how to make QR-Code online, and the implementation of teaching aids with digital literacy. The service team uses the Participatory Action Research method in providing participatory training which makes educators as objects to be able to use digital media in the form of QR-Code. The service team participatively provides training at MI Al-Ittihad and involves educators to encourage changes in the teaching and learning process towards a creative, innovative and fun direction. Based on the results of the pretest and posttest that have been carried out, it can be seen that the service is running successfully. The results achieved from this activity are in the form of increased teacher creativity in innovating learning on teaching aids implemented with digital media, increasing teacher ability to make Algameta assisted by QR-Code digital media and increasing teacher digital literacy. This is evidenced by the Paired Sample Test which is known that the Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.021

Hiroyuki Ohbayashi, Mitsue Ariga, Kunihiro Ohta, Sahori Kudo, Osamu Furuta, Akinori Yamamoto Medical Corporation, Syureikai, Tohno Chuo Clinic, Mizunami City, Gifu, JapanCorrespondence: Hiroyuki Ohbayashi, Medical Corporation, Syureikai, Tohno Chuo Clinic, 1-14-1, Matsugase Cho, Mizunami City, Gifu, 509-6134, Japan, Tel +81-572-67-1118, Fax +81-572-67-2277, Email ohbayasi@nn.iij4u.or.jp; aims_reserve@yahoo.co.jpPurpose: To present the preliminarily findings regarding the effects of a herbal medicine, Ninjin’yoeito, on comorbid frailty and sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Patients and Methods: Patients with COPD (GOLD II or higher) and fatigue were randomly assigned to Group A (n = 28; no medication for 12 weeks, followed by 12-week administration) or B (n= 25; 24-week continuous administration). Visual analog scale (VAS) symptoms of fatigue, the COPD assessment test (CAT), and the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale were examined. Physical indices such asknee extension leg strength and walking speed, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and respiratory function test were also measured.Results: VAS fatigue scales in Group B significantly improved after 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared to those in Group A (each p< 0.001, respectively). Right and left knee extension leg strength in Group B significantly improved after 12 weeks compared to that in Group A (p=0.042 and p=0.037, respectively). The 1-s walking speed for continued to increase significantly over 24 weeks in Group B (p=0.016, p< 0.001, p< 0.001, p=0.004, p< 0.001, and p< 0.001 after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks, respectively); it also significantly increased after the administration of Ninjin’yoeito in Group A. In Group B, the SMI significantly increased at 12 weeks in patients with sarcopenia (p=0.025). The CAT scores in Group B significantly improved after 12 weeks compared to those in Group A (p=0.006). The mMRC scores in Group B also significantly improved after 8 and 12 weeks compared to those in Group A (p= 0.045 and p < 0.001, respectively). The changes in %FEV1.0 in Group B were significantly improved at 12 and 24 weeks (p=0.039 and p=0.036, respectively).Conclusion: Overall, Ninjin’yoeito significantly improved patients’ quality of life, physical activity, muscle mass, and possibly lung function, suggesting that Ninjin’yoeito may improve frailty and sarcopenia in patients with COPD.Keywords: clinical study, frailty, Ninjin’yoeito, sarcopenia, therapeutic effect

The crossbreed originated from male native chicken x female commercial layers, currently in Indonesia called a Super Native Chicken (Ayam Kampung Super). This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a selected local KUB (Ayam Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan) rooster to cross female ISA Brown chickens to produce Indonesian super native chickens. In comparison, the ISA hen was crossed with an unselected local chicken of bangkok descent (Ayam Kampung Turunan Bangkok, KTB) rooster, and the same hen strain was crossed with a Rhode Island Red (RIR) rooster. The treatment was crossbreeding (CB): CB1= KUB x ISA, CB2= KTB x ISA, and CB3= RIR x ISA. The results of the study showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) effects on fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality, or chick abnormalities, but KUB x ISA resulted in significantly greater (P

Batuhampar merupakan salah satu Nagari yang ada di Kecamatan Akabiluru, Kabupaten 50 Kota, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Hasil pertanian yang cukup banyak di Kenagarian Batuhampar adalah singkong dan padi. Selama ini limbah singkong dan padi langsung dibuang atau dibakar. Pembakaran limbah dapat menyebabkan polusi udara, sementara pembuangan limbah secara sembarangan dapat mencemari air tanah dan menciptakan masalah sanitasi. Selain itu, limbah ini juga dapat menjadi sumber penyakit dan merugikan kesehatan masyarakat setempat. Oleh karena itu kegiatan pemanfaatan limbah sekam padi dan kulit singkong menjadi biobriket merupakan solusi untuk mengurangi limbah tersebut. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah pemanfaatan limbah sekam padi dan kulit singkong menjadi biobriket Di Kelompok Tani Nagari Batuhampar Kabupaten 50 Kota. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan beberapa metode, seperti survey lapangan, pembuatan biobriket, dan sosialisai pemanfaatan limbah sekam padi dan kulit singkong kepada para kelompok tani. Kegiatan ini telah terlaksana dari tanggal 24 Juli – 10 Agustus 2023. Hasil evaluasi akhir sosialisasi menunjukkan bahwa selama kegiatan ini berlangsung, kemauan dan semangat para peserta untuk mengikuti dan menyimak cukup tinggi. Hal ini teramati dari para peserta yang melontarkan pertanyaan dan tanggapan selama kegiatan berlangsung. Diharapkan agar kegiatan ini dapat dilanjutkan untuk kelompok tani dengan komoditi hasil pertanian yang berbeda agar limbah-limbah yang dihasilkan dapat dimanfaatkan dengan baik dan dapat meningkatkan perekonomian para petani.

Discontinuation of palliative radiotherapy due to a patient’s declining general condition poses a clinical dilemma for palliative care physicians. This study aimed to investigate the survival duration of patients whose performance status (PS) deteriorated during palliative radiotherapy and inform decisions regarding early treatment discontinuation. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients referred from our institute’s palliative care department who underwent ≥10 fractions of palliative radiotherapy between March 2017 and December 2021. PS was assessed using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale. Survival duration was calculated from the final day of palliative radiotherapy to death using the Kaplan–Meier method. A total of 35 patients underwent palliative radiotherapy. Seven (20%) experienced deterioration in ECOG PS during treatment. Their median survival duration was significantly shorter at 22 days (95% confidence interval: 1–94 days) compared to 125 days (95% confidence interval: 82–150 days) for the 28 patients whose PS remained stable (p = 0.0007). Deterioration in ECOG PS during palliative radiotherapy signifies a markedly shorter survival duration. Careful assessment of a patient’s condition throughout treatment is crucial, and early discontinuation should be considered if their general health worsens rather than strictly adhering to the initial schedule.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to instructions and suggestions from governments and experts to maintain social (physical) distance between people to prevent aerosol transmission of the virus, which is now becoming the norm. Thus, we examined whether the pandemic extended the distance between personal belongings. Methods: We recruited 68 university students and instructed them to place their belongings on a long table following another participant (i.e., confederate). We measured the physical distance between the two belongings (i.e., the participant’s and the confederate’s). We collected data between June 10, 2022 and January 23, 2023. Pre-pandemic data was from Ariga (2016). Analysis was completed with one-tailed t-tests. Results: Compared with the pre-pandemic results, via one-tailed t-test, the distance between the two belongings during the pandemic was significantly longer. Our results supported the hypothesis that the psychological framework for processing people’s belongings has dramatically changed during this pandemic. Conclusion: This change may have been driven by social distancing practices or an increase in perceived vulnerability to disease. Our results provide new implications for future public spatial design, in other words, not only the distance between people, but also the distance between their belongings.

The recognition of the importance of nanostructures is mainly due to the development of nanotechnology. For further developments in materials sciences, a concept that integrates nanotechnology with material chemistry to fabricate functional materials has to be proposed. Nanoarchitectonics will carry out this task. In nanoarchitectonics, we architect functional material systems from nano-units (atoms, molecules, nanomaterials). The methodology is not specific to any particular material or application. It covers a wide range. Therefore, nanoarchitectonics can be thought of as the method for everything in materials science. As typical demonstrations for usages of nanoarchitectonics, this review paper presents our work on nanoarchitectonics for supercapacitors. We divide it into two categories with different approaches. The first is the development of carbon materials as supercapacitor electrode materials from biomass. The second category is preparing carbon materials using structures created by supramolecular assembly of fullerenes such as C60 and C70. By presenting examples using opposite starting materials, a complex natural material, and an ultimately simple molecule, we will demonstrate the versatility and breadth of possibilities of this approach.

ABSTRACT Background: Acute pancreatitis following surgical or endoscopic procedures on the pancreas can compromise the outcome and lead to severe complications and even death. The aim of this study was to determine whether prolonged fasting affects the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods: Male mice were divided into 4 groups: Group CF (n=5) control animals that fasted for 24 hours; Group CNF (n=5) control animals that did not fast; Group APF (n=7) that fasted for 24 hours and underwent induction of acute pancreatitis (AP) and Group APNF (n=7) that did not fast and underwent AP. Eight hours after AP blood was collected for evaluation of cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and MCP-1. Liver tissue was collected for determination of Malondialdehyde, pancreatic tissue for determination of enzyme content and lung tissue for determination of myeloperoxidase. Results: Significant increase in pancreatic amylase content was observed in group CF and increased serum levels of IL -6, Il-10 and MCP-1 were in group APF. Liver malondialdehyde was also increased in APF animals. APF group showed much more necrosis of the pancreatic acinar cells. Conclusion: In the present study, we observed an increase in the severity of acute pancreatitis with prolonged fasting in a severe acute pancreatitis model. These results suggest that in clinical practice, the preoperative fasting time should be shortened before pancreatic procedures.

FASER is a new experiment designed to search for new light weakly-interactinglong-lived particles (LLPs) and study high-energy neutrino interactions in thevery forward region of the LHC collisions at CERN. The experimental apparatusis situated 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction-point aligned with thebeam collision axis. The FASER detector includes four identical trackerstations constructed from silicon microstrip detectors. Three of the trackerstations form a tracking spectrometer, and enable FASER to detect the decayproducts of LLPs decaying inside the apparatus, whereas the fourth station isused for the neutrino analysis. The spectrometer has been installed in the LHCcomplex since March 2021, while the fourth station is not yet installed. FASERwill start physics data taking when the LHC resumes operation in early 2022.This paper describes the design, construction and testing of the trackingspectrometer, including the associated components such as the mechanics,readout electronics, power supplies and cooling system.

FASERν at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is designed to directly detect collider neutrinos for the first time and study their cross sections at TeV energies, where no such measurements currently exist. In 2018, a pilot detector employing emulsion films was installed in the far-forward region of ATLAS, 480 m from the interaction point, and collected 12.2 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. We describe the analysis of this pilot run data and the observation of the first neutrino interaction candidates at the LHC. This milestone paves the way for high-energy neutrino measurements at current and future colliders.

The FASER experiment at the LHC is designed to search for light, weakly-interacting particles produced in proton-proton collisions at the ATLAS interaction point that travel in the far-forward direction. The first results from a search for dark photons decaying to an electron-positron pair, using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.0 fb−1 collected at centre-of-mass energy s=13.6 TeV in 2022 in LHC Run 3, are presented. No events are seen in an almost background-free analysis, yielding world-leading constraints on dark photons with couplings ϵ∼2×10−5−1×10−4 and masses ∼17 MeV−70 MeV. The analysis is also used to probe the parameter space of a massive gauge boson from a U(1)B−L model, with couplings gB−L∼5×10−6−2×10−5 and masses ∼15 MeV−40 MeV excluded for the first time.