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Immigrants and their native-born children often face considerable wage penalties relative to natives, but less is known about whether this inequality arises through differences in educational qualifications, segregation across occupations and establishments, or unequal pay for the same work. Using linked employer–employee data from Norway, the authors ask whether immigrant–native wage disparities 1) reflect differences in detailed educational qualifications, labor market segregation, or within-job pay differences; 2) differ by immigrant generation; and 3) vary across different segments of the labor market. They find that immigrant–native wage disparities primarily reflect sorting into lower-paying jobs, and that wage disadvantages are considerably reduced across immigrant generations. When doing the same work for the same employer, immigrant-background workers, especially children of immigrants, earn similar wages to natives. Sorting into jobs seems more meritocratic for university graduates, for professionals, and in the public sector, but within-job pay differences are strikingly similar across market segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When people make choices, the items they consider are often embedded in a context (of other items). How this context affects the valuation of the specific item is an important question. High-value context might make items appear less attractive because of contrast-the tendency to normalize perception of an object relative to its background-or more attractive because of assimilation-the tendency to group objects together. Alternatively, a high-value context might increase prior expectations about the item's value. Here, we investigated these possibilities. We examined how unavailable context items affect choices between two target items, as well as the willingness-to-pay for single targets. Participants viewed sets of three items for several seconds before the target(s) were highlighted. In both tasks, we found a significant assimilation-like effect where participants were more likely to choose or place a higher value on a target when it was surrounded by higher-value context. However, these context effects were only significant for participants' fastest choices. Using variants of a drift-diffusion model, we established that the unavailable context shifted participants' prior expectations towards the average values of the sets but had an inconclusive effect on their evaluations of the targets during the decision (i.e. drift rates). In summary, we find that people use context to inform their initial valuations. This can improve efficiency by allowing people to get a head start on their decision. However, it also means that the valuation of an item can change depending on the context.

Previous studies find that Asian American parents enforce a strict academics-centered success frame upon their children. However, there is limited research on the actual standards of successful childrearing from the perspective of parents. Drawing on in-depth interviews with middle-class parents of Chinese and Indian descent in New Jersey (N = 44) conducted between December 2020 and January 2022, I contest the conception of a unidirectional parental assimilation process that presumes White middle-class families to be the default destination for assimilation. I argue that middle-class Asian American parenting can be better understood as an 'inclusive assimilation' process. Parents not only aim for a well-rounded education for their children as touted by White parents but, similarly to Black and Hispanic families, also embrace racial socialization efforts in their parenting, partly in response to the rise in anti-Asian violence observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflecting on the 100th anniversary of the 1924 Immigration Act, this brief essay suggests that the idea of "US American Empire" forms the telos of the last one hundred years of US immigration policy. Whether in the twentieth or the twenty-first centuries, or under Republican or Democratic leadership, US lawmakers have sought to restrict immigration to those who were deemed most "assimilable." Such moves are not only about preserving or instituting a particular racial character of the United States but ensuring a particular role for the United States globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how teachers working with newly arrived adolescent refugee students reflect on these students, their situation within the educational system and in Norwegian society. We research the ways in which these reflections engage with the various understandings of the ubiquitous and 'fuzzy' notion of immigrant integration, a concept which we approach critically. The empirical data consists of interviews with teachers in three Adult Education establishments in Norway. Our aim was to identify the narratives of integration the teachers draw on and (re)produce, and to discuss these in relation to policies and perceptions of integration in Norwegian schools and society. Our analysis identified three narratives of integration, namely (1) Integration as having social relations with 'Norwegians', (2) Integration as acquiring knowledge and (3) Integration as endorsing 'Norwegian' values. These narratives exist alongside a corresponding image of the newly arrived migrant students as socially unintegrated and as educationally and culturally deficient. The article's main argument is that the teachers' narratives, despite their complex and multifaceted character, are embedded in an educational and societal context where the longstanding Norwegian ideal of cultural sameness leads to added pressure on immigrants to assimilate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a densely populated city, Hong Kong's housing market is the least affordable in the world. This paper aims to uncover the underlying socio-economic factors behind the changing homeownership patterns of new immigrants before and after the handover. While Mainland immigrants enjoyed the highest likelihood of homeownership among new immigrants before the handover, their advantage disappeared after the handover. The findings support the Assimilation theory's prediction that homeownership is lower among those less assimilated in general, but not among Mainland migrants. Those who were married, well-educated, employers; and had longer residences were more likely to be homeowners. Various admission schemes are implemented to attract talents, professionals and entrepreneurs to reside in Hong Kong but there is no accompanying housing policy to enable immigrants to become homeowners. The results show the homeownership rate of new immigrants dropped by more than half after the handover. Immigrants may feel less secure calling Hong Kong their home if they don't own a "home". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific gabbro with the main rock-forming mineral of fassaite—alumina-rich (up to 12 wt % Al2O3) calcium pyroxene, typical of high-temperature metasomatic rocks, are characterized. In terms of the geochemical characteristics, the fassaite gabbros are close to the subalkaline monzogabbros of the Ust'-Krestovsky complex, which are widely distributed within the Krestovsky subterrane of the Olkhon terrane (Western Baikal region). At the same time, they differ sharply from the latter in having a higher content of CaO and MgO and a lower content of SiO2 and Al2O3. Fassaite gabbro composes several small bodies framed the Ust'-Krestovsky monzogabbro massif, without contacting the latter. A model of the formation of fassaite gabbro due to the assimilation of carbonate (crustal carbonate melts) by subalkaline mafic magma is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the experiences of international college athletes (ICAs) at a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III (DIII) small private institution in the Southern part of the United States (U.S.). ICAs are an integral part of the athletic and academic community and have been part of the NCAA for over 50 years; however, there is limited research surrounding this population's experience of belonging at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), especially at the NCAA DIII level. Drawing on Strayhorn and Merleau-Ponty, this study employs focus groups to examine the lived experience of ICAs (n = 18) and their sense of belonging. The findings reveal the challenges ICAs face, how they overcome these challenges by finding belonging, and feeling forced to assimilate to fit in. We conclude with suggestions for the NCAA and its member institutions, including the need for more research to be conducted on ICAs, particularly at the DIII level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence on whether the immigrant health paradox (i.e., immigrants having better health than natives of nonmigrant background) extends to children and youth is mixed and often based on self-reported survey data. In this study, we use population-wide administrative microdata from Norwegian demographic and health registries to investigate health inequalities between adolescents with foreign-born and native-born parents, paying specific attention to variation across immigrant generations, origin countries, and types of diagnoses. In this registry-based study, we estimate differences in the likelihood of somatic and mental disorders using logistic regression and population-wide health records for adolescents aged 16–20 years (N = 616,835). Child immigrants and native-born children of immigrants have fewer consultations for somatic and psychiatric diagnoses in adolescence compared to natives, while native-born children with mixed parental background have health outcomes more similar to natives. The differences are most pronounced for mental disorders. Differences across immigrant generations persist when stratifying by country of origin and when looking at specific diagnoses. The findings support the existence of an immigrant health advantage, which we find across various psychiatric and somatic diagnoses and for most immigrant generations. A key task for future research is to explore specific mechanisms underlying these patterns and to address potential inequities in the quality of health care provided to immigrant-background youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to Diaspora criticism's recommendations for listening to underground voices, often eclipsed by the leading diaspora figures, the present paper brings attention to the blossoming literary work of the contemporary Moroccan-American writer Laila Lalami. Her fiction, four full-length novels and short prose so far, is argued to intertwine creatively with the major scholarly turns that have marked diasporic literary criticism since its inception in the early 1990s. It registers certain mobility and shifts of concerns from the tropes of homesickness, through homelessness to the rhetoric of transnationalism to grapple with white hegemonic spatiality and politics. However, the focus here is laid on her latest novel The Other Americans (2019) which features minorities from different ethnic backgrounds, yet converging in the enmeshment of their personal lives with the political forces, which intensifies the unsettled issues of identity in the US. Though no material principles of assimilation are proposed, Lalami's implied protagonist's eventual urges for complete integration into mainstream society draw on the power of love and forgetting rather than violence and revenge. In so doing, Lalami's materialist perspective is believed to debunk the Trumpist right political paranoia with reference to the assimilating capability of immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Illusions are like holes in our effortless visual mechanism through which we can peep into the internal mechanisms of the brain. Scientists attempted to explain underlying physiological, physical, and cognitive mechanisms of illusions by the receptive field hierarchical organizations, information sampling, filtering, etc. Some antagonistic illusions cannot be explained by them and for this, deep learning networks were used recently as a model for illusion perception. To further broaden the scope of the perceptual functionality in the brightness contrast genre, handle the background removal effects on some illusions that reduce the illusory effects, and replicate the antagonistic illusions with the same parameter setup, we have used Convolutional Neural Network, Autoencoder, U-Net, and U-Net++ models for replicating the visual illusions. The networks are specialized in low-level vision tasks like De-noising, De-blurring, and a combination of both. A high number of brightness contrast visual illusions are tested on all the networks and most of the outcomes significantly matched human perceptions. Overall, our method will guide the development of neurobiological frameworks which might enrich the computational neuroscience study by distilling some biological principles. On the other hand, the machine learning community will benefit from knowing the inherent flaws of the networks so that the true image of reality can be taken into consideration, especially in imaging situations where experts too can be deceived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the debate over an ‘antisemitic Marx’ in the French context. Since the republication of On the Jewish Question in the aftermath of the Six-Day War, the French intellectual field has seen continuous conflict between supporters of this ‘thesis’ (Mishari, Kaplan, Birnbaum) and their detractors, who are sometimes militant (J. Aron, Bensaïd) and sometimes academic (De Fontenay, Traverso), including those involved in the Grande édition Marx et Engels (Clochec). First, the article examines at length the French debate which spans over 50 years. Second, building on the insights garnered from this debate, it tackles the limits of materialist criticism of religious views. In light of the contemporary crisis of secularism in France, this problem forces Marxist and critical thinkers (Tosel, Meziane) to reassess the issue of religious minorities and their ‘assimilation’ to the ‘national majority’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethnic project thesis contends African Caribbean immigrants to the U.S. summon ethnicity in defense against racial characterizations of their group. I examine the psychosocial components of the African Caribbean ethnic project – Caribbean cultural involvement and awareness and distancing from Black awareness and sense of shared fate. Defining the Caribbean ethnic project as a subjective state, I examine potential contributing contextual factors, including perceived discrimination, exposure to all Black contexts, and socioeconomic status (SES). Using the National Survey of American Life, I find increasing SES is positively associated with Black awareness, while increasing exposure to all Black contexts enhances Caribbean awareness and acculturation. However, as time in the U.S. increases, Caribbean awareness declines and a sense of shared fate with Black people grows, particularly among those at low levels of SES. These findings are discussed in terms of the influence of racialization on the U.S. Caribbean ethnic project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent evidence in systems neuroscience suggests that lighting conditions affect the whole chain of brain processing, from retina to high-level cortical networks, for perceptual and cognitive function. Here, visual adaptation levels to three different environmental lighting conditions, (1) darkness, (2) daylight, and (3) prolonged exposure to very bright light akin to sunlight, were simulated in lab to investigate the effects of light adaptation levels on classic cases of subjective contrast, assimilation, and contrast-induced relative depth in achromatic, i.e., ON–OFF pathway mediated visual configurations. Methods: After adaptation/exposure to a given lighting condition, configurations were shown in grouped and ungrouped conditions in random order to healthy young humans in computer-controlled two-alternative forced-choice procedures that consisted of deciding, as quickly as possible, which of two background patterns in a given configuration of achromatic contrast appeared lighter, or which of two foreground patterns appeared to stand out in front, as if it were nearer to the observer. Results: We found a statistically significant effect of the adaptation levels on the consciously perceived subjective contrast (F(2,23) = 20.73; p < 0.001) and the relative depth (F(2,23) = 12.67; p < 0.001), a statistically significant interaction between the adaptation levels and the grouping factor (F(2,23) = 4.73; p < 0.05) on subjective contrast, and a statistically significant effect of the grouping factor on the relative depth (F(2,23) = 13.71; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Visual adaption to different lighting conditions significantly alters the conscious perception of contrast and assimilation, classically linked to non-linear functional synergies between ON and OFF processing channels in the visual brain, and modulates the repeatedly demonstrated effectiveness of luminance contrast as a depth cue; the physically brighter pattern regions in the configurations are no longer consistently perceived as nearer to a conscious observer under daylight and extreme bright light adapted (rod-saturated) conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a theoretical research-based reflection on the process of clinical supervision. It presents two case study projects focusing on the occurrence and use of the script system and the process of change and assimilation of the problematic script material during supervision. One of the cases is an experienced therapist, "Sarah," and the other is a novice, "Adam," both of whom were supervised by an experienced TA supervisor. The authors offer a discussion on the prevalence of script themes within the supervision process and ways of working with them while respecting the supervisory relationship, the level of supervisees' experience, and the teach/treat boundary. They also reflect on the occurrence of the parallel process and its implications. This led to the development of the script system model and the addition of a relational field between the supervisor and the supervisee that can be used as a supervisory tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient post‐drought recovery of growth and assimilation enables a plant to return to its undisturbed state and functioning. Unlike annual plants, trees suffer not only from the current drought, but also from cumulative impacts of consecutive water stresses which cause adverse legacy effects on survival and performance. This review provides an integrated assessment of ecological, physiological and molecular evidence on the recovery of growth and photosynthesis in trees, with a view to informing the breeding of trees with a better ability to recover from water stress. Suppression of recovery processes can result not only from stress damage but also from a controlled downshift of recovery as part of tree acclimation to water‐limited conditions. In the latter case, recovery processes could potentially be activated by turning off the controlling mechanisms, but several obstacles make this unlikely. Tree phenology, and specifically photoperiodic constraints, can limit post‐drought recovery of growth and photosynthesis, and targeting these constraints may represent a promising way to breed trees with an enhanced ability to recover post‐drought. The mechanisms of photoperiod‐dependent regulation of shoot, secondary and root growth and of assimilation processes are reviewed. Finally, the limitations and trade‐offs of altering the photoperiodic regulation of growth and assimilation processes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through analyses of Russian voicing assimilation and German dorsal fricative assimilation, this article argues for a restricted version of structure preservation and a stratal model of Optimality Theory. Structure preservation (Kiparsky 1985) prohibits the creation of allophones early in the phonological computation. The parallel architecture of OT undermines the assumptions of structure preservation, which has been widely rejected within OT. This article demonstrates that processes that are both neutralizing and non-structure-preserving, and which involve overlapping sets of targets and triggers, such as Russian voicing assimilation, result in a ranking paradox in parallel OT. Purely allophonic processes, such as German fricative assimilation, do not pose the same difficulties. Analyses of both processes are proposed within the framework of Stratal OT. The use of multiple strata eliminates the ranking paradox illustrated in Russian voicing assimilation and accounts for the interaction of German fricative assimilation and umlaut. This account predicts that non-structure-preserving neutralization cannot take place at the earliest level of evaluation but must apply after the rich base is filtered to the language-specific inventory and stem-level processes are applied. In the case of Russian, this is substantiated by application of assimilation across clitic boundaries, requiring phrase-level application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent technological advancements have empowered nonhuman entities, such as virtual assistants and humanoid robots, to simulate human intelligence and behavior. This paper investigates how autonomous agents influence individuals' perceptions and behaviors toward others, particularly human employees. Our research reveals that the socio‐emotional capabilities of autonomous agents lead individuals to attribute a humanlike mind to these nonhuman entities. Perceiving a high level of humanlike mind in the nonhuman, autonomous agents affects perceptions of actual people through an assimilation process. Consequently, we observe “assimilation‐induced dehumanization”: the humanness judgment of actual people is assimilated toward the lower humanness judgment of autonomous agents, leading to various forms of mistreatment. We demonstrate that assimilation‐induced dehumanization is mitigated when autonomous agents possess capabilities incompatible with humans, leading to a contrast effect (Study 2), and when autonomous agents are perceived as having a high level of cognitive capability only, resulting in a lower level of mind perception of these agents (Study 3). Our findings hold across various types of autonomous agents (embodied: Studies 1–2 and disembodied: Studies 3–5), as well as in real and hypothetical consumer choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While assimilation theories implicitly assume that immigrants' acceptance as "one of us" derives from their high levels of socioeconomic attainment in destination countries, little is known about the subjective experience of national belonging among the new immigrant elite in Western Europe. In this article, I assemble an analytical framework to study perceived acceptance within the national imagined community among immigrant-origin individuals who have already achieved high socioeconomic attainment at destination. Empirically, I look at subjective experiences of stigma and national belonging through in-depth interviews with forty-two professionals of North and Sub-Saharan African origins in France. How do these high-status individuals experience stigma, and how do they negotiate and claim inclusion as worthy members of the French imagined community? Respondents generally perceive only moderate levels of racial stigma in their daily lives, and I find that upper-middle-class culture empowers them to use cultural elitism to deflect racism as intellectually backward and illegitimate. However, I also find that self-identified Muslim respondents face widespread religious stigmatization that cast them as outsiders to French society. They respond to this stigmatization by distinguishing themselves from "undesirable" Muslims, rather than by denouncing anti-Muslim prejudice per se. These divergent experiences suggest that acceptance within the French nation is shaped by religious difference and remains actively negotiated after the achievement of social mobility. Overall, the paper suggests that cultural repertoires play a key role in enabling immigrant-origin individuals to claim national belonging in everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study aims to demonstrate how assimilation processes indicated by formal aspects of in-session narratives change in the course of psychodynamic therapy and how this differs by therapy outcome. Method: Two sessions each from the initial, the middle, and the termination phase of six successful and six unsuccessful psychodynamic treatments were compared. All narratives were identified and coded for dramatic narrating and naming of emotions and mental verbs. Results: Good outcome cases peaked in the use of direct speech and naming negative emotions in the middle phase of treatment. Poorer treatment outcome was associated with a high amount of narrating and a tendency to more dramatic narrating in the termination phase and with a use of more narrative clauses throughout treatment. Conclusions: Emotional remembering and naming of emotional states in the middle phase could provide partial support for the role of assimilation processes in good outcome cases. Narrative characteristics of less successful treatments are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perpetration of the Armenian Genocide did not originate as the direct implementation of ideological convictions; rather, stemmed from an amalgamation of certain theories adjusted to political and economic developments in the Ottoman Empire in tandem with the desire to transform a multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire into a Turkish nation-state. Within this nation-building project, the Young Turk's government chose to exterminate the indigenous Armenian minority, using forced transfer and the assimilation of children and young women into Turkish society as one of the methods of destroying the Armenian community. This fits well into the overall Turkish nationalist ideology, as women and children were deemed as not having a transmutable ethnic identity: while a woman's identity could be discounted, the identity of children could be reprogrammed by stripping them of their Armenian identity and imposing a new identity through change of personal data, religious conversion and education. Building on existing research, this article first presents the ideological foundations of Turkish nation-building and the implementation of the Armenian Genocide to achieve this end, focusing on the forcible transfer and assimilation which selected Armenian children endured. Informed by both published and unpublished memories of transferred children, the second part of the article reconstructs the actual process and methods of Turkification used in several state-run orphanages while also presenting the resistance of Armenian children to these efforts. This article expands the number of known state orphanages and widens the geographic scope of where Turkification practices took place, thus substantiating a general assimilation policy of the CUP towards some selected Armenian children and arguing that forced transfer and Turkification were used as a method of destroying the Armenian community. It also enters new testimonies into public circulation that help to better understand the role of forced transfer during the Armenian Genocide and its implications on the survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A substantial literature has developed around the individual determinants of radical political preferences. Widely used to study electoral support for far-right parties, this perspective has rarely been mobilised to understand the dynamics of radicalisation, or the process of going back to the 'roots', among fractions of Western Muslim youth involved in political Islam. To address this, 37 semi-structured interviews were conducted between 2020 and 2021 as part of ongoing ERC Advanced Grant research with young (aged 18–30) self-identifying Muslims of Turkish and Moroccan descent based in the Paris or Lyon areas. Also drawing on the social movements literature, we uncovered two sets of factors influencing radicalisation, each based on two distinct oppositional sets of attitudes: (1) a feeling of estrangement from mainstream societal values, such as morality, secularism, and a perceived assimilationist trend emanating from the French national frame, and (2) a sense of dissatisfaction towards the political-institutional system, which appeared as latent criticisms of the current state of representative democracy, distrust of political and media actors, and discontent towards the current French party system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cameron et al. (2010) and Fruehwald & Gorman (2011) present the pattern of homorganic consonant cluster reduction in Catalan as a challenge to Baković’s (2005) theory of antigemination, which predicts that any feature ignored in the determination of consonant identity for the purposes of antigemination in a given language must independently assimilate in that language. I argue that the pattern in Catalan is not a counterexample to this prediction if the reduction process is analyzed as coalescence, following Wheeler (2005), rather than as deletion.

The study integrates Gravity Recovery and climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data which provides Terrestrial Water Storage with Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) which provide the hydrological components of surface water and soil moisture and investigated groundwater storage variability in West Africa Between April, 2002 to March, 2024 (240) months. Groundwater storage is a critical component of hydrological circle which has a significant implication for water availability and sustainability especially in areas where surface water is scare like some parts of west Africa, however, the spatiotemporal of groundwater storage is poorly understood in west Africa. The results reveal significant variability in groundwater storage across the study area, the analyses shows that the groundwater storage is primarily influence by regional hydrological components including surface water and soil moisture as well as climatical factors (precipitation and temperature). The study also highlights the impact of climate variability on groundwater storage in West Africa. Significant correlations are observed between groundwater storage and hydrological components, indicating that changes in SW and SM play a crucial role in driving fluctuations in groundwater storage. The results provide valuable insights into the dynamics of groundwater storage in West Africa and contribute to a better understanding of the region's water resources. This information is of vital importance for water resource management, particularly in the face of ongoing climate change and increasing water demand. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive monitoring and management strategies to ensure sustainable groundwater use in West Africa.

This study uses the Weather Research Forecast Model （WRF） numerical forecast system and the Three-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation （WRF-DA） system to investigate the impact of assimilating data from the Micro-Wave Humidity Sounder 2 （MWHS-2） onboard FY-3C and the Microwave Humidity Sounder （MHS） from NOAA-19 （National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-19） on the simulation and prediction of heavy rainfall events in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon.Three assimilation schemes are compared： the control （Con） scheme， the NOAA-19 scheme （MHS） and the FY-3C scheme （MWHS-2）.The results indicate that assimilation of MHS and MWHS-2 microwave radiance data using WRF-3DVAR （Three-Dimensional Variation） improves the simulation performance compared to the Con experiment.It improves the accuracy of the precipitation location， although the MWHS-2 experiment shows a northern bias in the precipitation area.Satellite data assimilation significantly improves the moisture field， but its effect on heavy rain intensity is less pronounced than its effect on precipitation area improvement.Data assimilation enhances the 700 hPa meridional wind component， leading to increased moisture transport within the study area.With respect to temperature， the assimilation of satellite microwave moisture data has a moderately positive effect， which forming an unstable vertical temperature structure in the 700~400 hPa layer， conducive to the generation and development of precipitation.Overall， the simulation results of the MHS experiment outperform those of MWHS-2， especially in the wind field， temperature and humidity fields.In addition， the root mean square error changes in the 24-hour forecast of the MWHS-2 experiment are relatively stable， indicating that MWHS-2 satellite data are more advantageous for medium to long-term simulation studies.

The article studies an unusual type of shortening known in English linguistics as telescope words. It is well known that Lewis Carroll was the first to introduce this new type of shortening and defined it using the term telescope words. It was one of his purposes to create a pun. Later this type of word formation proved to be highly productive in the English language. Some linguists suggest that this phenomenon is based on an incidental slip of the tongue and blending of one or two sounds of the full prototype’s clipped components in free speech. Other linguists believe that telescope words are simply blends, but it is not exactly so because the two groups are different from the point of view of their formation. Telescoping is a two-stage process which involves clipping of the final part of the fi rst component of a two-word group and the initial component of the second on the second stage. Unlike blending these parts of a new formation are joined by a morphemic seam. The empiric evidence suggests that telescope shortenings are widely used not only in fiction, but also in slang, advertising slogans and mass media. They are usually a part of the intended pun. It is worth mentioning that the Russian language borrows a lot of English words, many of which get assimilated on different levels and then enrich its vocabulary. Nowadays among English borrowings there appear some telescope words, which are used to nominate new objects and phenomena of reality. One of such examples is the widely used telescope word of the English origin – glamping. Telescoping as a special type of lexical shortening (clipping) was borrowed by the Russian language, resulting in the formation of some Russian telescope words, for example, банкомат (ATM), паркомат (parking meter) and some other words.

This article analyzes the issues related to the identification of the main tendencies in the process of assimilation of French loanwords into Canadian English. It highlights sociolinguistic peculiarities of Canada, which has a long history of coexistence between the two languages, and provides a classification of loanword assimilation types, as well as some graphic and morphological assimilation subtypes characteristic of Canadian English. Based on the content analysis of the most relevant materials published since 2012 in the Canadian English-language media, both national and regional (The Montreal Gazette, The Toronto Star, CBC, The Suburban), as well as those published in the American media since 2020 (The New York Times, New York Post, USA Today, The Washington Post), statistics on the frequency of use of assimilated and non-assimilated forms of Gallicisms are provided. By measuring and comparing their frequency, the article reveals the tendency of Canadian English to preserve the French norm regarding both graphic and morphological assimilation of loanwords. The study cites authentic contextual examples of the use of assimilated and non-assimilated Gallicisms in the Canadian English-language media. It concludes that the identified patterns are directly linked to the specific features of Canada’s sociolinguistic situation, with its ever-growing bilingual population, and that further research in this field remains relevant in view of the country’s ongoing sociolinguistic changes.

Are Western European countries successfully incorporating their immigrant populations? We approach immigrant incorporation as a process of intergenerational social mobility and argue that mobility trajectories are uniquely suited to gauge the influence of immigrant origins on life chances. We compare trajectories of absolute intergenerational mobility among second generation and native populations using nationally representative data in seven European countries and report two major findings. First, we document a master trend of native–immigrant similarity in mobility trajectories, suggesting that the destiny of the second generation — like that of their native counterpart — is primarily determined by parental social class rather than immigrant background per se. Secondly, disaggregating results by regional origins reveals heterogeneous mobility outcomes. On one hand, certain origin groups are at heightened risks of stagnation in the service class when originating from there and face some disadvantage in attaining the top social class in adulthood when originating from lower classes. On the other hand, we observe a pattern of second-generation advantage, whereby certain origin groups are more likely to experience some degree of upward mobility. Altogether, these results suggest that immigrant origins per se do not strongly constrain the socioeconomic destiny of the second generation in Western Europe.

Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted among a community of immigrants from the Eastern Indian states of Manipur and Mizuram, Bene Menashe, this article deals with how these immigrants have used ethnic identity to further integrate into mainstream Jewish and Israeli society. Originally known as the Kuki-Chin-Mizu, Bene Menashe claim to be descendants of the lost tribes of Israel, cut off from other Jews for 2,700 years. Several thousand members of the community have emigrated to Israel since the 1990s. Bene Menashe’s background as a singular community of East Asian immigrants in the peripheral town of KA and as recent converts to Judaism, as well as their Zomian (Upland Southeast Asian) background, are central to the community’s negotiation of ethnoreligious identity. Their efforts to integrate into contemporary Israeli society often contrast with the drive of Israeli cultural agents to emphasise the group’s lost tribal heritage, and the community has also both emphasised and sought to discard their previous ethnic identity. Bene Menashe in KA, this article shows, employ several strategies to further their ‘strategic assimilation’ into Israeli society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By investigating Vietnamese English learners' perspectives on influential cultural factors and barriers these factors bring to the development of learner autonomy, this study seeks to draw attention to proper consideration of the host cultural values in importing and implementing Western educational theories. A phenomenological approach was employed, and qualitative data were collected from in-depth interviews with 15 English majored students from a public university in the Mekong Delta. Using Hofstede et al.'s (2010) six-dimensional model of cultural differences as a theoretical framework, the study reveals that all the six dimensions, at different levels, hinder the development of learner autonomy. The study also uncovers cultural assimilation - a state in which individuals perceive a certain cultural characteristic as their personality traits without any adjustment, corresponding to the Restraint factor. These results emphasize the significance of cultural analysis and imply the need for constructing a culturally appropriate pedagogy to promote learner autonomy. The paper concludes by discussing some possible directions for further research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assimilation and prolonged suspension of crust-derived sulfide liquid in komatiites are essential to form Ni-rich mineralisation. Evaluating the spatial relationship between komatiite-hosted Ni mineralisation and crustal S sources may thus provide insights into mechanisms of transport, metal enrichment and deposition of assimilated sulfide liquid. This study applied facies analysis and S isotopes to sulfides in Ni-mineralised komatiites and stratigraphically underlying bimodal volcanic-volcaniclastic and sedimentary rocks, which formed during rifting in the Agnew-Wiluna Greenstone Belt, Western Australia. The results revealed a lateral variation from rift-distal sedimentary sulfides, through sulfidic BIF, to rift-proximal VMS-style sulfides, the latter of which was predominantly assimilated by komatiites. Both crustal and komatiite-hosted sulfides were overprinted by granite-related skarn alteration during later basin inversion. Spatial S isotopes correlation revealed that Ni mineralisation in komatiites predominantly formed < 5 km from their crustal S sources, excluding long lateral transport as the main metal enrichment mechanism. Rather, metal enrichment likely happened through multiple cycles of sulfide entrapment and entrainment in lava flow vortices that formed in the wake of topographic steps represented by syn-rift faults. These faults were the main loci for pre-existing crustal weaknesses, hydrothermal fluid circulation, and VMS-style sulfide deposition, which were subsequently utilised by komatiites for enhanced thermo-mechanical erosion and crustal sulfide assimilation. This study shows that proximity to the syn-rift faults was the dominant control on the formation of komatiite-hosted Ni–sulfide mineralisation, regardless of substrate lithology. The S isotope signatures of crustal sulfides may be used as a proxy to identify syn-rift faults in highly deformed terranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plateau Meteorology is the property of Plateau Meteorology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Assimilation is a central phenomenon in phonology, yet there is little consensus on either its representation or computation. In particular, the empirical distinction between spreading (feature sharing) and correspondence (feature copying) is disputed. In this paper, I identify novel diagnostics from two interacting assimilation processes in San Francisco del Mar Huave (isolate: Mexico). First, vowel-copy epenthesis displays a previously unattested blocking pattern that is problematic for spreading, but predicted by feature-copying approaches like Agreement By Correspondence. Second, in CV agreement, I argue that only feature sharing driven by Dep and Specify constraints can insightfully account for the role of underspecification, which produces a range of directionality effects. Huave shows that both spreading and correspondence are needed in phonological theory, and also demonstrates that monolithically assimilation-mandating constraints like Agree can be decomposed to derive assimilation from the interaction of more elementary, independently motivated principles of markedness and faithfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Alemannic dialects of German, [n] is particularly vulnerable to assimilation, deletion, and epenthesis. Although these changes are not necessarily uniform across all Alemannic varieties, the Alemannic dialect areas all exhibit some, if not all, of these processes. In this article, we present data from a diverse array of Alemannic dialects and show that [n] behaves similarly throughout Alemannic, assimilating to the place of following stops, deleting word-finally, and repairing hiatus through epenthesis. We contend that coronal [n] is interacting with so many processes because it is unmarked in terms of place and manner. This paper contributes to the phonological literature on dialectology and Markedness Theory. First, by considering similar processes which occur across multiple Alemannic dialects, we show how Alemannic prefers eliminating or modifying word-final [n]. Second, this analysis gives insight into theories of segment (un)markedness; thus, the data presented in this paper support descriptions of unmarked segments as undergoing assimilation, deletion, and epenthesis, while they challenge markedness accounts by scholars who bar [n] as an epenthetic segment. Third, we provide data for a language family in which one segment undergoes all three processes of assimilation, deletion, and epenthesis; this is unprecedented in the literature on unmarked segments, which typically focuses on languages which possess only one of these three processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By supporting autonomy, aging in place, and wellbeing in later life, Socially Assistive Robots are expected to help humanity face the challenges posed by the rapid aging of the world's population. For the successful acceptance and assimilation of SARs by older adults, it is necessary to understand the factors affecting their Quality Evaluations Previous studies examining Human-Robot Interaction in later life indicated that three aspects shape older adults' overall QEs of robots: uses, constraints, and outcomes. However, studies were usually limited in duration, focused on acceptance rather than assimilation, and typically explored only one aspect of the interaction. In the present study, we examined uses, constraints, and outcomes simultaneously and over a long period. Nineteen community-dwelling older adults aged 75-97 were given a SAR for physical training for 6 weeks. Their experiences were documented via in-depth interviews conducted before and after the study period, short weekly telephone surveys, and reports produced by the robots. Analysis revealed two distinct groups: (A) The 'Fans' -- participants who enjoyed using the SAR, attributed added value to it, and experienced a successful assimilation process; and (B) The 'Skeptics' -- participants who did not like it, negatively evaluated its use, and experienced a disappointing assimilation process. Despite the vast differences between the groups, both reported more positive evaluations of SARs at the end of the study than before it began. Overall, the results indicated that the process of SARs' assimilation is not homogeneous and provided a profound understanding of the factors shaping older adults' QE of SARs following actual use. Additionally, the findings demonstrated the theoretical and practical usefulness of a holistic approach in researching older SARs users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ironic juxtapositions of similar scenes and characters in The Marrow of Tradition show that people in comparable life situations will experience different outcomes depending on their race. For example, whether a person is Black or White determines the consequences that ensue if that person resorts to violence, even if it can be justified as self-defense. This novel, by Charles W. Chesnutt, is based on the political insurrection of 1898 in which White supremacists overthrew the municipal government of Wilmington, North Carolina. The workings of the plot suggest an endorsement of the viewpoint of Josh Green, a Black dock worker who believes in the need for retaliatory violence. Green's position is contrasted with, and in novelistic terms gets the better of, the pacifist and more intellectual view of William Miller, the town's prominent Black doctor. Though less explicitly so, Green's and Miller's views may also be interpreted as representative of a contest between the merits of race consciousness and assimilation, respectively. In his essays, Chesnutt speaks clearly in favor of "sameness" and color-blindness as a principle, so he is closer to Miller on this issue. However, in his later literary career and even in certain aspects of this novel, one can see sympathy for characters who define themselves in part by their membership in the Black community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the existence of mangroves will have an impact on changes in food webs in their respective areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the food source of the macrozoobenthos community within the Lubuk Damar mangrove ecosystem. Stable isotopes, carbon and nitrogen were used to describe the food sources for macrozoobenthos in the mangrove ecosystem of the Lubuk Damar Ecosystem, Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia. The stable isotope analysis of 13C and 15N was carried out using Isotopic-Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Potential food sources at the study site based on stable isotope ratios ranged between –29.08‰ to –20.66‰ (δ13C) and 4.07‰ to 5.63‰ (δ15N); macrozoobenthos –25.00‰ to –14.76‰ (δ13C) and 5.59‰ to 7.73‰ (δ15N). The potential food sources tested at the study site consisted of seven sources, but not all food sources in the ecosystem were consumed by the invertebrate community. This study shows that mangrove leaf litter serves as a food source for some invertebrates, such as the bivalves, gastropods, polychaetes, sipunculans, brachiopods and crustaceans. The results of this study evidence that the examined mangrove ecosystem has a function as a provider of food sources in the surrounding waters, therefore its existence is very important supporting diversity of coastal waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusion of multilingual students—teachers' perceptions on language support models Ensuring the best possible support for multilingual students is a challenge for educational systems the world over. In Austria, new language support models, the so-called German language support classes (GLSC) and pull-out courses (POC), have been installed in the school year 2018/19. The new models offer language support in separate classrooms and have been strongly criticised since their implementation due to their segregative and assimilative character. This study aims to examine teachers' perceptions of language support models for multilingual students in Austria. For this purpose, a large-scale quantitative survey including 1,267 in-service teachers (mean age = 43.40) from eight of nine states in Austria was conducted. Results indicate that teachers perceive a segregated language learning setting more negative for the academic, social and emotional development of students compared to an inclusive one. Furthermore, they also experience that more resources are needed to adequately implement an inclusive learning environment for multilingual students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Richard T. Greener was the first Black graduate of Harvard College in 1870, and he served briefly as a professor of philosophy at the University of South Carolina from 1873 to 1877. Historians and biographers have uncovered many of the facts of his unusual life, but to date his philosophy has remained unappreciated. This essay reconstructs his philosophy from published and archival sources, evaluating it in relationship to the work of his better-known mentor, Frederick Douglass. I argue that Greener's account of Reconstruction politics, especially his arguments on land redistribution, race, and Black intellectual history, possess notable advantages over Douglass's views. Of particular importance is that he defended a more robust republican state than did his hero, while rejecting the originalism and constitutionalism that characterize Douglass's liberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of a global ocean assimilation system is of great significance for the utilization of observational data. In this study, a new global ocean assimilation system was established using the EAKF assimilation module and the MPI-OM global ocean circulation model with a grid refining the South China Sea (SCS) and part of Pacific region. Considering computational cost, static ensemble was utilized as the background ensemble. To assess the role of static ensembles, three different static ensembles were selected to compare assimilation experiments. The assimilation of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS), as well as Argo profiling data, was conducted. Firstly, the model performance of the assimilation system on a global scale was evaluated using the profile data, which can reduce the temperature and salinity biases by approximately 50%, resulting in a decrease of the globally-averaged temperature and salinity biases to 0.4 ℃ and 0.1 PSU, respectively. Considering about the specific of the grid, we focus on the SCS and the equatorial region. Comparison of buoy data with the model results indicates that assimilation significantly improves the simulation of the tropical thermocline, with correlation coefficients suggesting that the assimilation with seasonal static ensemble yields the best results. Secondly, the impact of different ensembles on the SCS where significant monsoon influence exists was investigated, revealing distinct differences in current field among the three assimilation experiments. For the experiments with background ensembles include information on seasonal variations, the assimilation improves the model's ability in reproducing the intrusion of the Kuroshio Current into the SCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the social relationships of natives in the destination countries of migrants. Specifically, the article estimates the share of non-natives in natives' friendship opportunity pools (FOP) and its correlation with natives only having native friends. Danish data is used due to a unique possibility of linking register information, allowing the establishment of an objective measurement of FOP at various levels, and survey information, allowing the measurement of natives' friendship composition, at the individual level. In our sample, 55 per cent of the natives have a migrant friend, and it is found to be strongly correlated with FOP. In line with Blau's macro-sociological framework and assimilation theory, we thereby find support for a transformation of the 'weak' friendship ties of natives in destination countries. The FOP effects are found to be stronger for older respondents and those with negative attitudes toward immigration. The effects are found across measurement at the neighbourhood-, parish – and municipal level and after control for general attitudes toward immigration. In models with three levels simultaneously included, the effects are present at the neighbourhood and municipal level, but absent at the parish level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This article explores the effects of immigrant generational status on the likelihood of misreporting turnout. I contend that varied levels of immigrant status affect individuals' misreporting turnout in different ways due to social desirability and assimilation level concerns. Methods: Using data from 2016 and 2020 Cooperative Election Study data sets, which include questions on respondents' immigrant status and voting behavior variables, this study analyzes the effect of varied levels of immigrant status on misreporting turnout. Results: The analysis shows that there is a decreased likelihood of misreporting turnout as individuals move farther away from their immigrant generation in both the 2016 and 2020 elections. In other words, first‐generation immigrants are most likely to misreport turnout. Second‐ and third‐generation immigrants are less likely to misreport turnout than the first generations but are still significantly more likely to misreport their turnout than those who are not immigrants or who do not have immigrant parents or grandparents. Conclusion: The findings generally support the expectation. The levels of immigrant status affect individuals' misreporting turnout in different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite‐based sensors of ocean color have become the primary tool to infer changes in surface chlorophyll, while BGC‐Argo floats are now filling the information gap at depth. Here we use BGC‐Argo data to assess depth‐resolved information on chlorophyll‐a derived from an ocean biogeochemical model constrained by the assimilation of surface ocean color remote sensing. The data‐assimilating model replicates well the general seasonality and meridional gradients in surface and depth‐resolved chlorophyll‐a inferred from the float array in the Southern Ocean. On average, the model tends to overestimate float‐based chlorophyll, particularly at times and locations of high productivity such as the beginning of the spring bloom, subtropical deep chlorophyll maxima, and non‐iron limited regions of the Southern Ocean. The highest model RMSE in the upper 50 m with respect to the float array is of 0.6 mg Chl m−3, which should allow the detection of seasonal changes in float‐based biomass (varying between 0.01 and >1 mg Chl m−3) but might hinder the identification of subtle changes in chlorophyll at narrow local scales. Both model and float profiling data show good agreement with in situ data from station ALOHA, with model estimates showing a slight accuracy edge in inferring depth‐resolved observations. Uncertainties in float bio‐optical estimates impede their use as a reliable benchmark for validation, but the general qualitative agreement between model and float data provides confidence in the ability of model to replicate biogeochemical features below the surface, where data is not directly constrained by the assimilation of satellite ocean color. Plain Language Summary: Changes in oceanic chlorophyll can indicate alterations in the biomass of photosynthetic algae, which sustain marine ecosystems and have the capacity to alter the climate system. Algae live not only in the surface of the ocean, where satellites can observe them, but also beneath the upper marine layer, where autonomous profiling systems (floats) are used to infer their vertical distribution. Here we use float profiling data to evaluate the representation of chlorophyll biomass with depth from a numerical ecosystem model informed by surface satellite information. Chlorophyll outputs from the model agree generally well with information from the floats in terms of timing and spatial representation of low and high chlorophyll areas. Overall, the model's chlorophyll concentrations are slightly higher than those indicated by the floats. However, float measurements are not perfect, as suggested by a localized comparison of both float and model chlorophyll profiles with field observations at various oceanic depths near the Hawaiian Islands. While neither float‐ nor model‐based data produce perfect estimations of oceanic chlorophyll across all three dimensions, their general agreement suggests that the model is able to mimic biological and physical dynamics both at and below the ocean surface. Key Points: Modeled vertical chlorophyll profiles obtained by assimilating satellite ocean color are compared against BGC‐Argo and in situ dataModel chlorophyll is higher but replicates well the general seasonality and meridional gradients of the BGC‐Argo array in the Southern OceanMean chlorophyll profiles from the model tend to be in better agreement with in situ data at station ALOHA (∼±50%) than float estimates [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose is to analyze the concepts of anticolonialism and postcolonialism in the context of Ukrainian history. The research methodology is based on the principles of intellectual history, the history of conceptual history, comparative history, postcolonial criticism, and methods of historiographical analysis. The scientific novelty. The author compares anticolonialism and postcolonialism and examines ties between particularities of the type of colonialism, ways of thinking, and systems of knowledge in Europe, Asia, and Latin America that shaped these two types of resistance to colonialism. The writings of M. Hrushevskyi and the works of economic historians in the early Soviet period are used as examples of anticolonial discourse. The author outlines key points in the development of postcolonialism (E. Said and orientalism, subaltern studies, multiculturalism, and philosophy in the Global Age). I. Lysiak-Rudnytsky considered particularities of Ukrainian postcolonialism in connection to the distinct nature of colonialism on Ukrainian soil, characterized by the policy of russification and assimilation. Conclusions. We are currently witnesses to the dialogue between anticolonial ideology and postcolonial criticism. In Russia, it manifests itself in the form of a triple self-identification. In Ukraine, due to the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war, the processes of decolonization are accelerated, and the war takes on a postcolonial character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basil is a culinary herb in high demand all year round, either fresh, dried, or frozen. Field basil crops are commercially predominant, while greenhouse crops can cover the demand for fresh basil during the off-season. The leaf aspect of basil has great importance for the food industry, and a great diversity of genotypes has been created. The aim of this research was to conduct a comparative characterization of 12 basil genotypes (green and purple leaf) that present interest for breeding programs from a national germplasm collection. The study examines the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in basil cultivated in field versus greenhouse conditions as indicators of plant performance and herb quality from the perspective of ensuring fresh plant material all year round. The experimental median indicated that photosynthetic leaf pigments accumulated in higher concentrations in the field relative to the greenhouse conditions, in descending order: β-carotene, lutein, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. The trend was not as consistent for chlorophyll b, since four out of twelve genotypes presented higher levels in the greenhouse than in the field, while the overall values were not much lower in the greenhouse than the field (16.82%). All genotypes accumulated much higher carotenoid contents in field conditions relative to greenhouse conditions (>200%) and could also provide better nutritional advantages given their demonstrated health benefits. The differences in photosynthetic leaf pigments have both nutritional (the carotenoids), shelf-life, and processing relevance (chlorophylls) and serve as quality markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the policy of the Polish administration in Eastern Galicia in the first third of the 20th century. Based on the source material, the main aspects of this policy are shown and its consequences are analyzed. It is shown that the Polish leadership, first of all, undertook the liquidation of local self-government and the introduction of the Polish language in state institutions, which led to the banning of Ukrainian publishing houses and the restriction of the activities of Ukrainian institutions. By the end of 1926, 80% of rural and almost all district and city councils in Eastern Galicia were dissolved. Ukrainians were not allowed to serve in state institutions. For example, in 1925 out of 150 members of the Lviv City Council, only 2 represented the local population. The article emphasizes that the next step in the policy of assimilation of the Galician population by the Polish authorities was the liquidation of Ukrainian schooling and education in general. Pursuing the goal of assimilation of the Ukrainian people, the Polish authorities started a policy of Polonization of schoolchildren. From the very beginning of the occupation of western Ukrainian lands, the Polish authorities took a course to liquidate Ukrainian schools. On July 31, 1924, the Polish Sejm approved three laws in the matter of national minorities: ‘About the language of government of state and local administration’, ‘About the language of government of courts, prosecutor’s offices and the notary’ and ‘About some resolutions in the organization of schooling’. The policy of discrediting the Ukrainian population also extended to higher educational institutions. In 1923, approximately 2.5-3 thousand students of Galicia were forced to study outside their native region, because higher educational institutions were closed. Also, the policy of the Polish administration related to land reform, which led to the colonization of the Ukrainian lands of Eastern Galicia by Polish colonists, is characterized. This reform had extremely negative consequences for the Ukrainian population, because during the years 1919- 1929 in Western Ukraine, more than 600,000 hectares of land belonging to Ukrainians were distributed among the Polish colonists, who numbered 77,200 people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper analyses the acculturation strategies and their psychological outcomes as depicted in postcolonial narrative. For this purpose, John W. Berry's Acculturation Theory is applied to analyze the protagonists in Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist as well An American Brat by Bapsi Sidhwa. It is a qualitative study that applies textual analysis technique to focus on the texts of the two selected novels. The research underscores the differential effects of these strategies in terms of their impact on cultural identity and emotional health by exploring Changez's movement from acculturation to acculturation and Feroza's journey from separation towards integration. Based on textual analysis of the selected novels, these results illustrate how societal and cultural expectations powerfully shaped character experiences thereby showing that creating supportive environments is essential for a successful acculturation process within multicultural settings; with mixed findings about adaptive coping strategies. Here we have an insight into developing post-colonial identities and the nuances of navigating across cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historic accounts posit immigrant ethnic groups adopt the anti-Black attitudes of their Anglo counterparts as they acculturate in the U.S. However, contemporary evidence suggests acculturated immigrant co-ethnics may not be more likely to possess anti-Black appraisals and oppositive attitudes toward Black socio-political interests vis-a-vis their less acculturated counterparts. Drawing from reactive ethnicity and segmented assimilation theory, we posit the threatening contemporary immigration enforcement context may undercut assimilation to Anglo anti-Black attitudes among Latinxs. Using two large nationally representative Latinx surveys, we demonstrate, relative to less acculturated Latinxs, acculturated Latinxs threatened by immigration enforcement adopt attitudes concerning Black people and Black political interests akin to Black people while acculturated unthreatened Latinxs adopt or maintain attitudes closer to their Anglo counterparts. These findings suggest the extent of anti-Black assimilation among contemporary acculturated immigrant co-ethnics is conditional on the receptivity of the host society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]