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• Investigation of the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and Tobin's q. • Contrasting market reaction to the changes in GHG emissions by B2B and B2C firms. • The B2B firm's environmental efforts are regarded just as costs by the market. • The B2C firms' efforts to reduce GHG emissions are rewarded by the market. • More stringent regulatory pressure is required in B2B firms to reduce GHG emissions. This paper analyzes the relationship between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the financial performance of business-to-business (B2B) or business-to-consumer (B2C) organizations. We find that Tobin's q is positively associated with higher GHG emissions for B2B firms, implying that GHG emissions reduction is regarded as a necessary cost. Meanwhile, a negative relationship is found for B2C firms, which may be due to consumers responding to climate change issues. These findings contribute to our understanding of the heterogeneous relationship in the existing literature. The evidence also implies on the policy level that more stringent regulatory pressure may be required for B2B firms to reduce their GHG emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antioxidants have been considered a rational curative strategy to prevent and cure liver diseases involving oxidative stress. An acute obstructive jaundice rat model was established to investigate the in vivo hepatoprotective efficacy of Rosa pimpinellifolia L., Methods: The experimental jaundice model was performed by binding the main bile duct in 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats. All rats were randomly divided into five groups: first group: laparotomy-sham-only, second group: biliary tract binding (control), and third, fourth, and fifth groups: treatment groups with 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg fruit extracts daily, respectively., Results: Considering dosage, although there was no significant therapeutic effect in the 250 mg/kg of Rosa pimpinellifolia L. group, the best results were found in the 500 mg/kg dose group, while results in the 750 mg/kg dose group showed consistent correlation with proinflammatory response. With regard to biochemical parameters, lipid hydroperoxide level in the rat serum and liver tissue was significantly decreased in all treatment groups. Amadori products, which are one of the early markers of glycol-oxidative stress, showed statistical significance in the treatment., Conclusion: It was revealed that the antioxidant effect of Rosa pimpinellifolia L. was more prominent in the early stages of hepatic injury secondary to oxidative stress.

In this study, we aimed to reveal the pro-inflammatory effects of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (Vit D) deficiency and insufficiency in new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes. We recruited 84 prediabetes patients, 94 new-onset T2DM patients and 113 healthy participants. We measured the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, ferritin, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the serum of the participants. ANOVA Bonferroni and Kruskal-Wallis Dunn tests were used to compare the inflammation markers and vitamin D levels between the groups. Based on covariance analysis with age, gender and BMI, the Vit D levels of the T2DM group were significantly lower ( p < 0.003). Pro-inflammatory markers and CRP were significantly higher in prediabetic and diabetic subjects. In the prediabetes group, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and MAPK were significantly higher in those with Vit D insufficiency and deficiency groups. In the T2DM group, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, NF-κB, MAPK and CRP were significantly higher in those with Vit D insufficiency and deficiency. Our study emphasizes the pro-inflammatory effects of Vit D deficiency and insufficiency in new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes.