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The study was carried out to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis of seven parents and their 21 half-diallel F2 populations for yield and quality traits during the 2013-14 season in the randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes, GCA (general combining ability) and SCA (specific combining ability) effects for all traits, except spike length. The best combiner parents were identified as Esperia and Pehlivan for grain yield, and Flamura85, Aldane and Selimiye for quality traits because of significant GCA and per se performance. The ranges of best parent heterosis were -12.71 to 8.23% for plant height, -15.46 to 8.36% for spike length, -16.62 to 24.80% for number of grains per spike, -23.61 to 36.50% for grain weight per spike, -17.13 to 8.84% for harvest index and -44.26 to 15.83 for grain yield, -17.61 to 8.38% for thousand grain weight, -18.55 to 8.44% for wet gluten content, -33.80 to 24.78% for gluten index, -20.24 to 15.23% for Zeleny sedimentation value, -15.58 to 10.00% for quality index and -8.96 to 6.87 for grain protein content. The three (Slm/Phl, F85/Slm and F85/Esp) and seven (F85/Phl, Sb/Fs, Fs/Slm, Esp/Slm, Fs/Phl, Esp/Sb and Sb/Slm) of F2 populations are offered a good opportunity in base material for selection of potential because of significant SCA effects and best parent heterosis for grain yield and quality traits respectively.

The study was carried out in the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University in 2020-2021. In the study, totally 25 durum wheat genotypes (6 cultivars, 12 advanced lines, and 7 landraces) were used as experimental material. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. In the study, the grain quality and morpho-physiological traits such as canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, and plant height were investigated in some durum wheat genotypes. The canopy temperature ranged from 23.33-20.43 OC, chlorophyll content 52.53-43.17 SPAD, leaf area index 3.63-1.77, thousand-grain weight 34.67-41.83 g, protein content 14.23-16.33%, test weight 78.93-87.03 kg hl-1, semolina colour 14.88-15.63 and plant height 99.00-75.33 cm in investigated durum wheat genotypes. Hacımestan and Sorgül genotypes for canopy temperature, Atkı 2, NZFM 1 and NZFM 7 genotypes for chlorophyll content, Atkı 2, NZFM 4 and NZFM 1 genotypes for leaf area index, Kıbrıs 2 and Ionia 3 genotypes for plant height, NZFM 1, NZFM 7 and Devedişi 2 genotypes for thousand-grain weight, Atkı 2 and Hacımestan 2 genotypes for protein content, Japiga and Boğacak 2 genotypes for test weight and Japiga, Boğacak, Kızıltan 91 and NZFM 7 genotypes for semolina colour were determined as promising genotypes.

The study was carried out under different drought/osmotic stresses (0.00 MPa-control, 0.25 MPa, 0.50 MPa, 0.75 MPaand 1.00 MPa applications) created by using PEG 6000 with 43 genotypes under laboratory, with 5 replications accordingto a split-plot experiment design. The genotypes constituted the main plots, and the drought/osmotic stress applicationsconstituted the sub-plots.In the study, seedling weight, root number, root length, root weight, shoot length, and shoot weight characters weredetermined. It was determined that drought stress applications caused statistically significant decreases in root and shootcharacters. Osmotic stress of, 1.00 MPa and 0.75 MPa caused statistically significant reductions in root and shoot characters.The results indicated that early and mid-early varieties were more tolerant to drought than the late varieties. AlthoughAglika, Anapo, Enola and Hamza varieties were outstanding for their root properties, while Maden, NKU Ergene andBezostaja-1 cultivars showed more appropriate shoot characteristics than other cultivars. Enola, Aglika, Bezostaja-1,NKU Ergene, Anapo, Hamza and Maden bread wheat varieties showed better growth characteristics under drought stressconditions in the study.

The study was carried out to evaluate yield components and some physiological quality traits for 30 durum wheat landraces(native and foreign originated) and 5 obsolete cultivars in Thrace ecological conditions. Experiments were set up inrandomized block design in 3 replicated during the 3 consecutive growing seasons. As a result of the analysis of variance,the differences between the averages of the genotypes for the traits were found to be statistically significant. This indicatedthat there may be enough variation for traits within landraces. The mean values of genotypes ranged between 2238 kg/ha-1and 3749 kg/ha-1 for grain yield, 98.8 cm and 135.3 cm for plant height, 6.04 cm and 8.88 cm for spike length, 26.6 and35.3 for the number of grains per spike, 0.988 g and 1.494 g for grain weight per spike, 36.1 g and 42.7 g for thousandgrain weight, 74.4 kg/hl-1 and 79.4 kg/hl-1 for test weight and 82.1% and 94.6% for vitreous grain percentage. AlthoughKahramanmaraş, Dicle, Boğacak, Sorgül, Ionia, Cyprus and Haurani were determined as promising populations for yieldand yield components, Siverek, Çanakkale, Tokat, Gaziantep, Yozgat and Urfa landraces had better physical quality. Theestimated coefficient of variation and broad sense heritability shifted from 3.9% to 24.52% and from 7.91% to 72.44%for the traits, respectively. Moderately high coefficient of variation, broad sense heritability a genetic advance for plantheight, spike length and vitreous grain percentage indicated that selection based on these traits will be more effective andaccomplished in the genetic material.

The study was carried out in randomized block design with 20 advanced lines with soft grain structure by developed Eskisehir Agricultural Research Institute and 4 standard wheat genotypes in Hamidiye and Karabayir locations of Eskisehir Province in the 2014-2015 growing period. The solvent retention capacity (SRC) tests (sodium carbonate (5%), sucrose (50%), lactic acid (5%) and distilled water) and gluten performance index (GPI) were investigated for 20 lines and 4 standard varieties in the study. According to the results of the analysis of variance regarding SRC tests and GPI, the differences between the genotypes, locations and their interaction averages were found to be statistically significant. The fact that the size of the variation between locations is higher than the genotype and interaction variances indicates that there are significant differences between the locations selected for the study, and the low interaction variance shows that the locations are correctly selected for the studied genotypes and their number is sufficient. For SRC tests used in soft wheat milling and biscuit quality determination, it was determined that the genotype and location effects were greater than the genotype x location interaction effects. The mean values of genotypes ranged between 86.68% and 112.83% for lactic acid SRC, 79.95% and 89.29% for sucrose SRC, 79.52% and 94.83% for sodium carbonate SRC and 58.18% to 65.14% for water SRC. The genotypes taken into the study in terms of GPI had averages varying between 0.49 and 0.66. Considering the obtained SRC tests and GPI reference values, it was determined that BIS-19 could be the line with the best biscuit performance. The BIS-2, BIS-11, BIS-13 and BIS-16 were other promising lines for biscuit quality performances. In addition, BIS-9, BIS-17, BIS-22 and BIS-8 have been promising lines that can be evaluated in breeding studies for biscuit quality.

Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü'nde 2019-2020 yetiştirme döneminde tesadu¨f bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine go¨re 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülen bu çalışmada, 5 adet farklı ekmeklik buğday ticari çeşidi ve bu çeşitlerin 60Co kaynağından 4 farklı gama dozu (100, 200, 300 ve 400 Gy) uygulaması ile elde edilmiş olan 20 adet M4 populasyonu materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada incelenen tane verimi ve kalite özellikleri için genotip ve mutasyon dozu ortalamaları arasındaki farklılıklar ile başakta tane sayısı ve yaş gluten oranı hariç diğer tüm özellikler için genotip x doz interaksiyonu istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Genel olarak kontrolle karşılaştırıldığında düzenli olmamakla birlikte; gama ışını dozlarının bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başakta tane ağırlığı, protein oranı, yaş gluten oranı, zeleny sedimantasyon değeri, enerji değeri ve tane sertliği için pozitif yönde değiştirici ve başakta başakçık sayısı, başakta tane sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi, hektolitre ağırlığı ve tane verimi için ise negatif yönde değiştirici etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ekmeklik buğday mutasyon ıslahı çalışmalarında verim ve verim kompanentlerinin iyileştirilmesi için 100 ile 200 Gy arasında gama ışını dozlarının, tane kalite özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi için de 300 ile 400 Gy arasında gama ışını dozlarının daha etkili sonuçlar oluşturabileceği anlaşılmıştır. Çalışmamızda fenotipik varyasyon katsayısı (PCV) değerleri (%1,47-14,90) ile genotipik varyasyon katsayısı (GCV) değerleri (%1,31-14,29) orta ve düşük olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Geniş anlamda kalıtım derecesi ve %10 seleksiyon şiddetinde beklenen genetik ilerleme değerleri sırasıyla %53,66-96,31 ve %0,53-67,85 arasında değişmiştir. Yüksek kalıtım derecesi ile birlikte yüksek genetik ilerlemenin tahmin edildiği alveograf enerji değeri için seleksiyonun M4 generasyonunda etkili olabileceği görülmektedir. Başakta tane sayısı ve tane sertliği değeri için yüksek kalıtım derecesi değeri ile orta genetik ilerlemenin tahmin edilmiş olması bu özellikler için seleksiyonun sonraki generasyolara bırakılmasının daha uygun olabileceğini göstermektedir. In this study, which was carried out in the 2019-2020 growing season in Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops as split plots design in randomized blocks with 4 replications 5 commercial wheat varieties and 20 M4 populations obtained from their 60Co source with 4 different gamma doses (100, 200, 300 and 400 Gy) were used as material. Differences between genotype and mutation dose averages for grain yield and quality traits examined in the study, and genotype x dose interaction were found to be statistically significant for all traits except the number of grains per spike and wet gluten ratio. Generally not regular; gamma ray doses shifted positive direction for plant height, spike length, grain weight per spike, protein content, wet gluten content, zeleny sedimentation value, energy value and grain hardness, and shifted negative direction for spikelet number per spike, number of grain per spike, thousand grain weight, harvest index, test weight and grain yield compared to control. In bread wheat mutation breeding studies, it has been understood that gamma ray doses between 100 and 200 Gy for improving yield and yield components and gamma ray doses between 300 and 400 Gy for improving grain quality characteristics can produce results that are more effective. Broad sense heritability and expected genetic progression values at %10 selection severity varied between %53.66-%96.31 and %0.53-%67.85, respectively. It is seen that selection for alveograph energy value, which predicts high genetic advance with high heritability, may be effective in M4 generation. High heritability and moderate genetic advance values were estimated for the number of grains per spike and grain hardness, indicating that it may be more appropriate the selection for these traits to delay the next generations.

Bu çalışma, farklı orijinli dokuz buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) genotipinin resiproksuz yarım diallel melez F2 döllerinde bazı agronomik ve kalite özellikleri bakımından kombinasyon yetenekleri ve heterosis değerlerinin incelenmesi amacıyla 2019-2020 yetiştirme sezonunda Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri deneme alanında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane ağırlığı, bin tane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi, tane verimi, hektolitre, yaş gluten oranı, sedimantasyon, protein içeriği özellikleri incelenmiştir. İncelenen her özellik için kombinasyon yetenekleri analizleri, Griffing Metot II, Model I e göre yapılmıştır. İncelenen tüm özellikler için anaçların Genel ve Özel Kombinasyon Yeteneği etkileri istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Genel Kombinasyon Yetenekleri göz önüne alındığında verimi artırmaya yönelik ıslah programlarında Maden ve NKÜ Ergene ve Glosa çeşitlerinin, kaliteyi artırmaya yönelik ıslah programlarında ise Segor ve Maden çeşitlerinin anaç olarak kullanılmasının uygun olacağı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada incelenen tüm özellikler bakımından ?2GKY /?2ÖKY oranı birden büyük bulunmuştur. Bu değer kalıtımda tüm karakterler bakımından eklemeli gen etkilerinin söz konusu olduğunu ifade etmektedir. This study was carried out in Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture in the 2019-2020 growing season in order to examine the combination abilities and heterosis values in terms of some agronomic and quality traits in non-reciprocal half diallel hybrid F2 progeny of nine wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes of different origins. In the study, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, thousand grain weight, harvest index, grain yield, test weight, wet gluten ratio, sedimentation, protein ratio traits were investigated. Combination abilities analyzes for each character examined were made according to Griffin Method II, Model I. The effects of general combining ability of parents and specific combining ability of hybrids were found to be statistically significant in all examined characters. Considering their general combination abilities of Maden, NKU Ergene and Glosa varieties can be used succesfully at breedind programs for incresing yield. Also Segor, and Maden varieties can be used atbreeding programs for increasing quality. The General Combination Abilities/Special Combination Abilities ratio was found to be greater from 1 for the characters in the study. This value indicates that there are additive gene effects in inheritance for all characters.

Araştırma, 2018-2019 ve 2019-2020 yetiştirme dönemlerinde Tekirdağ ekolojik koşullarında 10 u yurtiçi ve 5 i yurtdışı kaynaklı olmak üzere toplam 15 ekmeklik buğday çeşidi ile tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemeye alınan ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin tane verimi ve bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başakta başakçık sayısı, başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane ağırlığı, başak fertilite indeksi, başak indeksi, hasat indeksi ve bin tane ağırlığı gibi verim unsurları incelenmiştir. İncelenen özellikler bakımından çeşitlerin ortalamaları arasındaki farklılıklar ile yıl x çeşit interaksiyonları 0.01 olasılık düzeyinde istatistiki anlamda önemli bulunmuştur. Yıllar arasında ortalama farklılıklar başakta tane ağırlığı ve başak indeksi için 0.05 düzeyinde önemli iken diğer özellikler için 0.01 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. İki yetiştirme mevsimi süresince yürütülen denemelerden elde edilen veriler üzerinden ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başakta başakçık sayısı, başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi, başak indeksi, başak fertilite indeksi, bin tane ağırlığı ve tane verimi ortalamaları sırasıyla 75,2 ile 97,7 cm, 8,57 ile 11,25 cm, 18,13 ile 21,95 adet, 42,9 ile 56,8 adet, 1,865 ile 2,452 g, 44,10 ile 48,90, 76,42 ile 81,41, 64,03 ile 85,25, 36,2 ile 50,5 g ve 614,7 ile 769,3 kg da-1 arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak tane verimi ve incelenen verim komponentleri birlikte değerlendirildiğinde Glosa, Prima, NKÜ Lider, Rumeli, Orfeas ve Gogas R2 ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin diğer çeşitlere oranla daha yüksek performansa sahip oldukları ve bu çeşitlerin başta Trakya bölgesi olmak üzere ülkemizin ekmeklik buğday üretim bölgelerine en uygun çeşitler olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. The research was carried out in Tekirdag ecological conditions in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons with a total of 15 bread wheat varieties, 10 of which are domestic and 5 of which are from abroad, in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Grain yield and some yield components such as plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, spike fertility index, spike index, harvest index and thousand grain weight of bread wheat varieties included in the experiment were investigated. The differences between the averages of the cultivars and the year x cultivar interactions were found to be statistically significant at the 0.01 probability level in terms of the traits examined. While the mean differences between years were significant at the level of 0.05 for grain weight pers pike and spike index, it was significant at the level of 0.01 for other characters. Based on the data obtained from the trials carried out during two growing seasons, the averages of plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, harvest index, spike index, spike fertility index, thousand grain weight and grain yield of the bread wheat varieties examined changed from 75,2 ile 97,7 cm, 8,57 ile 11,25 cm, 18,13 ile 21,95 adet, 42,9 ile 56,8 adet, 1,865 ile 2,452 g, 44,10 ile 48,90, 76,42 ile 81,41, 64,03 ile 85,25, 36,2 ile 50,5 g ve 614,7 ile 769,3 kg da-1, respectively. As a result, when the grain yield and the examined yield components are evaluated together, it was concluded that there may be varieties Glosa, Prima, NKÜ Lider, Rumeli, Orfeas and Gogas R2 bread wheat varieties have higher performance than other varieties and these are the most suitable for the bread wheat production regions of our country, especially the Thrace region.