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The study was carried out to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis of seven parents and their 21 half-diallel F2 populations for yield and quality traits during the 2013-14 season in the randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes, GCA (general combining ability) and SCA (specific combining ability) effects for all traits, except spike length. The best combiner parents were identified as Esperia and Pehlivan for grain yield, and Flamura85, Aldane and Selimiye for quality traits because of significant GCA and per se performance. The ranges of best parent heterosis were -12.71 to 8.23% for plant height, -15.46 to 8.36% for spike length, -16.62 to 24.80% for number of grains per spike, -23.61 to 36.50% for grain weight per spike, -17.13 to 8.84% for harvest index and -44.26 to 15.83 for grain yield, -17.61 to 8.38% for thousand grain weight, -18.55 to 8.44% for wet gluten content, -33.80 to 24.78% for gluten index, -20.24 to 15.23% for Zeleny sedimentation value, -15.58 to 10.00% for quality index and -8.96 to 6.87 for grain protein content. The three (Slm/Phl, F85/Slm and F85/Esp) and seven (F85/Phl, Sb/Fs, Fs/Slm, Esp/Slm, Fs/Phl, Esp/Sb and Sb/Slm) of F2 populations are offered a good opportunity in base material for selection of potential because of significant SCA effects and best parent heterosis for grain yield and quality traits respectively.

The study was carried out in the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University in 2020-2021. In the study, totally 25 durum wheat genotypes (6 cultivars, 12 advanced lines, and 7 landraces) were used as experimental material. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. In the study, the grain quality and morpho-physiological traits such as canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, and plant height were investigated in some durum wheat genotypes. The canopy temperature ranged from 23.33-20.43 OC, chlorophyll content 52.53-43.17 SPAD, leaf area index 3.63-1.77, thousand-grain weight 34.67-41.83 g, protein content 14.23-16.33%, test weight 78.93-87.03 kg hl-1, semolina colour 14.88-15.63 and plant height 99.00-75.33 cm in investigated durum wheat genotypes. Hacımestan and Sorgül genotypes for canopy temperature, Atkı 2, NZFM 1 and NZFM 7 genotypes for chlorophyll content, Atkı 2, NZFM 4 and NZFM 1 genotypes for leaf area index, Kıbrıs 2 and Ionia 3 genotypes for plant height, NZFM 1, NZFM 7 and Devedişi 2 genotypes for thousand-grain weight, Atkı 2 and Hacımestan 2 genotypes for protein content, Japiga and Boğacak 2 genotypes for test weight and Japiga, Boğacak, Kızıltan 91 and NZFM 7 genotypes for semolina colour were determined as promising genotypes.

The study was carried out under different drought/osmotic stresses (0.00 MPa-control, 0.25 MPa, 0.50 MPa, 0.75 MPaand 1.00 MPa applications) created by using PEG 6000 with 43 genotypes under laboratory, with 5 replications accordingto a split-plot experiment design. The genotypes constituted the main plots, and the drought/osmotic stress applicationsconstituted the sub-plots.In the study, seedling weight, root number, root length, root weight, shoot length, and shoot weight characters weredetermined. It was determined that drought stress applications caused statistically significant decreases in root and shootcharacters. Osmotic stress of, 1.00 MPa and 0.75 MPa caused statistically significant reductions in root and shoot characters.The results indicated that early and mid-early varieties were more tolerant to drought than the late varieties. AlthoughAglika, Anapo, Enola and Hamza varieties were outstanding for their root properties, while Maden, NKU Ergene andBezostaja-1 cultivars showed more appropriate shoot characteristics than other cultivars. Enola, Aglika, Bezostaja-1,NKU Ergene, Anapo, Hamza and Maden bread wheat varieties showed better growth characteristics under drought stressconditions in the study.

The study was carried out to evaluate yield components and some physiological quality traits for 30 durum wheat landraces(native and foreign originated) and 5 obsolete cultivars in Thrace ecological conditions. Experiments were set up inrandomized block design in 3 replicated during the 3 consecutive growing seasons. As a result of the analysis of variance,the differences between the averages of the genotypes for the traits were found to be statistically significant. This indicatedthat there may be enough variation for traits within landraces. The mean values of genotypes ranged between 2238 kg/ha-1and 3749 kg/ha-1 for grain yield, 98.8 cm and 135.3 cm for plant height, 6.04 cm and 8.88 cm for spike length, 26.6 and35.3 for the number of grains per spike, 0.988 g and 1.494 g for grain weight per spike, 36.1 g and 42.7 g for thousandgrain weight, 74.4 kg/hl-1 and 79.4 kg/hl-1 for test weight and 82.1% and 94.6% for vitreous grain percentage. AlthoughKahramanmaraş, Dicle, Boğacak, Sorgül, Ionia, Cyprus and Haurani were determined as promising populations for yieldand yield components, Siverek, Çanakkale, Tokat, Gaziantep, Yozgat and Urfa landraces had better physical quality. Theestimated coefficient of variation and broad sense heritability shifted from 3.9% to 24.52% and from 7.91% to 72.44%for the traits, respectively. Moderately high coefficient of variation, broad sense heritability a genetic advance for plantheight, spike length and vitreous grain percentage indicated that selection based on these traits will be more effective andaccomplished in the genetic material.

The study was carried out in randomized block design with 20 advanced lines with soft grain structure by developed Eskisehir Agricultural Research Institute and 4 standard wheat genotypes in Hamidiye and Karabayir locations of Eskisehir Province in the 2014-2015 growing period. The solvent retention capacity (SRC) tests (sodium carbonate (5%), sucrose (50%), lactic acid (5%) and distilled water) and gluten performance index (GPI) were investigated for 20 lines and 4 standard varieties in the study. According to the results of the analysis of variance regarding SRC tests and GPI, the differences between the genotypes, locations and their interaction averages were found to be statistically significant. The fact that the size of the variation between locations is higher than the genotype and interaction variances indicates that there are significant differences between the locations selected for the study, and the low interaction variance shows that the locations are correctly selected for the studied genotypes and their number is sufficient. For SRC tests used in soft wheat milling and biscuit quality determination, it was determined that the genotype and location effects were greater than the genotype x location interaction effects. The mean values of genotypes ranged between 86.68% and 112.83% for lactic acid SRC, 79.95% and 89.29% for sucrose SRC, 79.52% and 94.83% for sodium carbonate SRC and 58.18% to 65.14% for water SRC. The genotypes taken into the study in terms of GPI had averages varying between 0.49 and 0.66. Considering the obtained SRC tests and GPI reference values, it was determined that BIS-19 could be the line with the best biscuit performance. The BIS-2, BIS-11, BIS-13 and BIS-16 were other promising lines for biscuit quality performances. In addition, BIS-9, BIS-17, BIS-22 and BIS-8 have been promising lines that can be evaluated in breeding studies for biscuit quality.

Çalışmada 59 adet şeker mısır hattı kullanılmıştır. Bu hatlar UPOV (The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) un belirlediği karakterler ile morfolojik, 16 SSR [basit dizi tekrarları] primeri kullanılarak moleküler ve protein, nişasta, yağ ve toplam şeker analizleri ile de teknolojik olarak incelenmiştir. Morfolojik ve moleküler değerlendirmelerin sonuçları ile kümeleme analizleri yapılmış ve iki ana grup saptanmıştır. Bu iki ana grubu, su (normal şeker mısır) tip ve sh (süper tatlı şeker mısır) tip şeker mısır hatlarının oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Gözlenen morfolojik karakterlerde gerçekleştirilen temel bileşenler analizi (TBA) ile 23 UPOV karakteriyle sahip olunan varyasyonun ifade edilebileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Moleküler analiz ile SSRs lokusları için allel sayısı 2 ile 12 arasında değişmiş ve ortalama allel sayısı 5.56 olarak bulunmuştur. Moleküler ve morfolojik benzerlik matris değerlerine göre birbirlerine en uzak 8 hat biyometrik genetik değerlendirmeler gerçekleştirmek üzere yarım dilallel melezlemeye tabi tutulmuşlardır. Melezlerin ve ebeveynlerin bulunduğu deneme, 2020 yılında Sakarya koşullarında kısmen dengeli basit latis deneme desenine göre 2 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Ebeveynler ve melezlerin biyometrik genetik değerlendirmelerinde genetik varyans bileşenleri arasında oranlar gözden geçirildiğinde, yalnızca koçanda sıra sayısı karakterinde kısmi dominantlık öteki karaterlerdeyse üstün dominantlığın etkisinin varlığı anlaşılmaktadır. Genel kombinasyon kabiliyeti (GKK) üzerinde durulan bütün karakterlerde önemli bulunmuştur. Özel kombinasyon yeteneği (ÖKK) koçanda sıra sayısı karakteri hariç diğer tüm özelliklerde önemli bulunmuştur. Ortalama heterosis değerleri bütün karakterlerde pozitifken, ortalama heterobeltiosis değerlerinde ise tepe püskülü çiçeklenme gün sayısı ve tane kabuk kalınlığı hariç bütün karakterlerde pozitif değerler kaydedilmiştir. Bu çalışmada; tepe püskülü çiçeklenme gün sayısı, bitki boyu, ilk koçan yüksekliği, koçan uzunluğu, koçan çapı, koçanda sıra sayısı, sırada tane sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, tane kabuk kalınlığı, taze koçan verimi ve kuru tane verimi karakterleri ile teknolojik değerlendirme olarak da % yağ, % nişasta, % protein ve % toplam şeker değerleri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, şeker mısır ıslahında su ve sh tiplerinin ayrımında morfolojik, moleküler ve teknolojik değerler üzerinden ayrımlarının yapılabileceği ortaya konulmuştur. In this study, 59 sweet corn inbred lines were used. These lines were examined morphologically with the characters determined by UPOV(The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants), molecularly using 16 SSR[Simple Sequence Repeats] primers and technologically by protein, starch, fat and total sugar analysis. Cluster analyzes were performed with the results of morphological and molecular evaluations and two main groups were determined. It was observed that these two main groups consisted of su (normal sweet corn) type and sh (super sweet corn) type sweet corn lines. It has been revealed that the variation with 23 UPOV characters can be expressed by principal component analysis (TBA) performed on the observed morphological characters. As a result of molecular analysis studies, the number of alleles for SSRs loci ranged from 2 to 12, and the mean number of alleles was found to be 5.56. According to the molecular and morphological similarity matrix values, the 8 lines farthest from each other were subjected to half-diallel hybridization to perform biometric genetic evaluations. The trial with hybrids and parents was established in Sakarya conditions in 2020 according to a partially balanced simple lattice trial design with 2 replications. The trial involving hybrids and parents was conducted in dublicate using partially balanced simple lattice trial design in Sakarya conditions in 2020. When the ratios between genetic variance components in biometric genetic evaluations of parents and hybrids are reviewed, while partial dominance is seen only in the number of rows on the cob character, the presence of the effect of superior dominance is understood in other characters. General Combination Ability (GCA) was found to be significant in all inspected characters. Special combination ability (SCA) was found to be significant in all other features except the ordinal number character on the cob. Average heterosis values were determined as positive in all characters, positive values were recorded in all characters except for the number of days of tassel flowering and kernel pericarp thickness in average heterobeltiosis values. In this study; the number of days of tassel flowering, plant height, first ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows on the ear, number of grains in the row, thousand kernel weight, kernel pericarp thickness, fresh ear yield and dry kernel yield characters as well as technological evaluation such as % oil, % starch, % protein and % total sugar values were examined. As a result, it has been revealed that the differentiation of su and sh types can be made in sugar corn breeding on the basis of morphological, molecular and technological values.

Çalışma 3 aşamalı olarak yapılmıştır. Laboratuvar koşullarında 43 genotip PEG6000 ile yaratılan 5 farklı kuraklık ortamında (0,00 MPa, 0,25 MPa, 0,50 MPa, 0,75 MPa ve 1,00 MPa uygulamaları) 5 tekrarlamalı olarak Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme Desenine göre denemeye alınmıştır. Laboratuvar çalışmalarında bitki ağırlığı, kök sayısı, kök uzunluğu, kök ağırlığı, sürgün uzunluğu ve sürgün ağırlığı karakterleri belirlenmiştir. Tüp denemesi 24 Ekmeklik buğday genotip ile yürütülmüştür. Bu 24 genotip çalışmada kullanılan 39 adet ekmeklik buğday, 1 adet çavdar, 1 adet kavlıca, 2 adet siyez popülasyonu olmak üzere 43 adet genotipin arasından laboratuvar koşullarında PEG ile yapılan kuraklık çalışması sonucu belirlenen genotiplerdir. Çalışmada bitki boyu, başak boyu, başakta başakçık sayısı, başakta dane sayısı, başakta dane ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu, kök ağırlığı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Tüp çalışması Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Kasa denemesi 10 metre uzunluğunda ve 1,2 metre genişliğinde oluşturulan kasalara 45 genotip 1 metre boyunda sıra olarak ekilmiştir. Çalışmada genotiplerin erken dönemde kurağa toleransları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada fide canlı kalım oranı, fide gelişimi, bitki örtüsü sıcaklığı, klorofil oranı, stoma eni, uzunluğu ve boyu özellikleri incelenmiştir. İncelenen özelliklerde yapılan varyans analizi ve önemlilik testi sonucunda PEG uygulamaları, kuraklık seviyesi uygulamaları ve kasada fide canlı kalım oranları yönünden genotipler incelendiğinde genotipler arasında önemli bir değişimin olduğu gözlemlemiştir. Laboratuvar koşullarında 43 genotip ile yürütülen çalışmalarda incelenen kurağa tolerans özelliği yönünden en iyi genotipler Enola, NKÜ Ergene, Bezostoja 1 ve Maden genotipleri olurken, bunları Aglika, Falado, Anopa, Selimiye, Bora ve Hakan genotipleri izlemiştir. Kurağa tolerans yönünden en alt değerler ise Siyez-1, Siyez-2 ve Kavlıca genotiplerinde elde edilmiştir. Tüp ortamında yapılan çalışmada incelenen kurağa tolerans özelliği yönünden Enola ve NKÜ Ergene en üstte yer alırken, bunları Rumeli, Prima, Esperia ve Bora genotipleri izlemiştir. Tüp ortamında en düşük değerler ise Kavlıca Beyaz, LG59, Adelaide ve Rebelde genotiplerinde elde edilmiştir. Kasa ortamında ise fide canlı kalım oranı yönünden Esperia, Rumeli, Krasunia Odes'ka, Almeria ve Falado genotipleri daha iyi sonuçlar gösterirken, Adelaide, LG59, Siyez-1 ve Siyez 2, Başkan ve Anopa ise düşük değerler vermişlerdir. Kasa ortamında incelenen tüm özellikler dikkate alındığında Enola, Mihelca, Maden, Hamza ve Aglika genotipleri kuraklık yönünden daha iyi bulunurken, Adelaide, Başkan, Spelta Beyaz, Siyez-1 ve Aldane ise düşük değerler vermişlerdir. The study was organized in 3 different ways. In laboratory conditions, the study was conducted in 5 different drought environments (0.00 MPa, 0.25 MPa, 0.50 MPa, 0.75 MPa and 1.00 MPa applications) created with 43 genotypes of PEG6000, with 5 replications according to the Random Plots Trial Design. In the study, plant weight, root number, root length, root weight, shoot length and shoot weight characters were determined. A specially prepared tube experiment was carried out with 24 Bread wheat genotypes. Forty three genotypes, including 39 bread wheat, 1 rye, 1 kavlıca and 2 einkorn populations, and 24 genotypes were selected by utilizing the results obtained in the drought study conducted with PEG under laboratory conditions. In the study, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, root length, root weight properties were investigated. The specially prepared tube study was carried out according to the Random Blocks Trial Design with 4 replications. In crate experment as a third study, 45 genotypes were planted in 1 meter long rows in crates with a length of 10 meters and a width of 1.2 meters. In the study, for the early drought tolerance of the genotypes; Seedling survival rate, seedling growth, vegetation temperature, chlorophyll ratio, stomatal width, length and height characteristics were investigated. As a result of the analysis of variance and significance test performed on the examined traits, it was observed that there was a statistically significant change between genotypes and genotypes in terms of PEG applications, drought level applications and seedling survival rates Enola, NKÜ Ergene, Bezostoja 1 and Maden were the best genotypes in terms of drought tolerance in the studies carried out with 43 genotypes under laboratory conditions, followed by Aglika, Falado, Anopa, Selimiye, Bora and Hakan. The lowest values in terms of drought tolerance were obtained in Siyez-1, Siyez-2 and Kavlıca genotypes. Enola and NKÜ Ergene were at the top in terms of drought tolerance properties, which were examined in the study conducted in a specially prepared tube medium, followed by Rumeli, Prima, Esperia and Bora genotypes. The lowest values in specially prepared tube medium were obtained in Kavlıca Beyaz, LG59, Adelaide and Rebelde genotypes. Esperia, Rumeli, Krasunia Odes'ka, Almeria and Falado genotypes showed better results in terms of seedling survival rate in the box environment, while Adelaide, LG59, Siyez-1 and Siyez-2, President and Anopa gave low values. When all the characters examined in the safe environment are evaluated together; Enola, Mihelca, Maden, Hamza and Aglika genotypes were found to be better in terms of drought, while Adelaide, President, Spelta Beyaz, Siyez-1 and Aldane gave low values.