17 results on '"BRARDINONI, FRANCESCO"'
Search Results
2. Evaluating historical, basin-wide landslide activity in a context of land abandonment and climate change: Effects of landslide visibility and temporal resolution
- Author
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Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio in Bologna, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Pittau, Sharon, Rossi, Mauro, Llena, Manel, Brardinoni, Francesco, Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio in Bologna, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Pittau, Sharon, Rossi, Mauro, Llena, Manel, and Brardinoni, Francesco
- Abstract
Drainage basins of the Northern Apennines, particularly in the clayey settings, bear among the highest rates of landsliding worldwide. A history of major land cover changes has left a landscape characterized by sparse, coppice-managed forest, transitional shrubs, and actively eroding badlands. Historical trends of landslide occurrence are examined in the Sillaro River basin (139 km2) in relation to land cover and climatic changes. To this purpose we have compiled a multi-temporal (1954–2018) landslide inventory (n = 1164) across twelve sequential photo sets that bears decadal (7- to 15-yr) and finer (2- to 6-yr) temporal resolution respectively before and after 1996. To account for changes in meteorological forcing, we examine: (i) the total annual precipitation (PRCPTOT); (ii) the annual maximum daily precipitation (RX1day); and (iii) the precipitation fraction (R99pTOT) due to extremely wet days. We find that landslide activity is strongly controlled by lithology, with landslide densities in claystones 3-to-4 times higher than in marl-sandstone alternations. This difference is chiefly associated with badlands, which are the most active land cover type and where new scars at a site could recur up to nine times. To evaluate the influence of varying temporal resolution on inventory completeness, hence on inference about land cover and climatic effects, we constrain the time scales of landslide visibility and assess the relative rates of undersampling. We find that visibility functions decline non-linearly with time, and that an inventory compiled at 5-year resolution would be missing up to 20 % of the landslide scars, with the size of an additional 27 % that would be underestimated due to revegetation. Overall, detection of entire landslide scars, which varies with land cover, becomes rare after 13 years in transitional shrubs, and after 17 years in badlands and managed forest. The historical analysis shows that landslide count: (i) increases in 1955–1976, a period o
- Published
- 2024
3. Characterization of a debris flow event using an affordable monitoring system
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Berti Matteo, Schimmel Andreas, Coviello Velio, Venturelli Mario, Albertelli Luca, Beretta Luca, Brardinoni Francesco, Ceriani Massimo, Pilotti Marco, Ranzi Roberto, Redaelli Marco, Scotti Riccardo, Simoni Alessandro, Turconi Laura, and Luino Fabio
- Subjects
Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
This study presents monitoring data of a debris flow event in the Central Italian Alps. The debris flow occurred on August 16, 2021 in the Blè basin (Val Camonica valley, Lombardia Region) and was recorded by a monitoring station installed just few weeks before. The monitoring system was deployed to document the hydrologic response of the catchment to rainfall, and was designed to be lightweight, relatively cheap, and easy to deploy in the field. To this purpose, we combined video cameras with geophysical sensors (geophones and infrasound) and optimized the power supply system. The data recorded during the event allowed to identify the triggering rainfall, document the flow behaviour, and estimate surface flow velocity and flow rate using Particle Image Velocimetry algorithms. Moreover, the seismic signal generated by the debris flow revealed a peculiar frequency spectrum compared to regular streamflow. These results show that even a relatively simple monitoring system may provide valuable data on real debris flow events.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A climate-driven, altitudinal transition in rock glacier dynamics detected through integration of geomorphological mapping and synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR)-based kinematics.
- Author
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Bertone, Aldo, Jones, Nina, Mair, Volkmar, Scotti, Riccardo, Strozzi, Tazio, and Brardinoni, Francesco
- Subjects
ROCK glaciers ,RADAR interferometry ,SYNTHETIC aperture radar ,GEOMORPHOLOGICAL mapping ,SYNTHETIC apertures ,GLOBAL warming ,KINEMATICS - Abstract
In dry southwestern South Tyrol, Italy, rock glaciers are dominant landforms of the high-mountain cryosphere. Their spatial distribution and degree of activity hold critical information on the current state of discontinuous permafrost and consequently on the response potential to climate warming. Traditional geomorphologic mapping, however, owing to the qualitative expert-based nature, typically displays a high degree of uncertainty and variability among operators with respect to the dynamic classification of intact (permafrost-bearing) and relict (permafrost-devoid) rock glaciers. This limits the reliability of geomorphologic rock glacier inventories for basic and applied purposes. To address this limitation, (i) we conduct a systematic evaluation of the improvements that synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) can afford to the detection and dynamic classification of rock glaciers and (ii) build an integrated inventory that combines the strengths of geomorphologic- and InSAR-based approaches. To exploit fully InSAR-based information towards a better understanding of the topo-climatic conditions that sustain creeping permafrost, we further explore how velocity and the spatial distribution of moving areas (MAs) within rock glaciers may vary as a function of simple topographic variables known to exert first-order controls on incoming solar radiation, such as elevation and aspect. Starting from a geomorphologic inventory (n=789), we characterize the kinematics of InSAR-based MAs and the relevant hosting rock glaciers on 36 Sentinel-1 interferograms in the 2018–2019 period. With respect to the original inventory, InSAR analysis allowed us to identify 14 previously undetected rock glaciers. Further, it confirmed that 246 (76 %) landforms, originally interpreted as intact, do exhibit detectable movement (i.e., ≥1 cm yr -1) and that 270 (60 %) of the relict labeled counterparts do not, whereas 144 (18 %) were kinematically undefined due to decorrelation. Most importantly, InSAR proved critical for reclassifying 121 (15 %) rock glaciers, clarifying that 41 (13 %) of those interpreted as being intact do not exhibit detectable movement and that 80 (17 %) of the original relict ones do move. Reclassification (i) allowed us to identify a cluster of intact rock glaciers below 2000 m a.s.l. associated with positive mean annual air temperature (MAAT), and (ii) by increasing the altitudinal overlap between intact and relict rock glaciers, it depicts a broad transition belt in the aspect–elevation space, which varies from 50 m on west-facing slopes to 500 m on easterly ones. This finding deteriorates the significance of elevation and aspect as topographic proxies for modeling permafrost occurrence and highlights the importance of using InSAR to inform such models. From a process-oriented standpoint, InSAR information proves fundamental for imaging how this altitudinal transition manifests through changing rates and styles of rock glacier surface deformation. Specifically, we find that, as rock glaciers move faster, an increasingly larger proportion of their surface becomes kinematically involved (i.e., percent MA cover) and that this proportion increases with elevation up to 2600–2800 m, beyond which an inflection occurs and consistent average values are attained. Considering that the inflection falls between the -1 and -2 °C MAAT – the lower boundary for discontinuous permafrost – and is independent of slope gradient, we conclude that this altitudinal pattern represents a geomorphic signature: the dynamic expression of increasing permafrost distribution, from sporadic to discontinuous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Supplementary material to "A climate-driven, altitudinal transition in rock glacier dynamics detected through integration of geomorphological mapping and InSAR-based kinematics"
- Author
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Bertone, Aldo, primary, Jones, Nina, additional, Mair, Volkmar, additional, Scotti, Riccardo, additional, Strozzi, Tazio, additional, and Brardinoni, Francesco, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A climate-driven, altitudinal transition in rock glacier dynamics detected through integration of geomorphological mapping and InSAR-based kinematics
- Author
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Bertone, Aldo, primary, Jones, Nina, additional, Mair, Volkmar, additional, Scotti, Riccardo, additional, Strozzi, Tazio, additional, and Brardinoni, Francesco, additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Sediment characterisation and analysis - WP 5 & WP 6 report SedInOut Project
- Author
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Mair, Volkmar, Rabanser, Monika, Scotti, Riccardo, and Brardinoni, Francesco
- Abstract
Contemporary atmospheric temperature rise imposes profound physical changes to high- elevation mountain environments. These changes, by directly affecting the mountain cryosphere through glacier retreat and permafrost degradation, can alter the hydrologic regime of mountain drainage basins (Huggel et al., 2015), as well as the amount and caliber of sediment readily available for mass movements and fluvial transport. Although sediment supply exerts a primary control on channel stability and relevant geo-hazard potential, there is a general lack of standard procedures for characterizing sediment sources, sediment typology and for evaluating sediment availability. This gap, which is mainly associated with the variety of existing national and regional protocols of data collection, currently prevents pursuing an unbiased, transnational risk management strategy considering current climatic challenges. SedInOut, through a joint international effort, aims to develop methodologies for the quantification and characterization of sediment across representative pilot catchments, towards a sustainable land management that values geo-risk mitigation and sediment recycling. In this report, we present a methodological approach that relies on existing geological mapping (CARG project), high-resolution digital topography, and historical aerial photos and orthophoto mosaics, while integrating field-based and proximal sensing data in conjunction with multi- temporal, remotely based mapping (Figure 1).Remotely sensed procedures include multi- temporal mapping of glacier extent (Section 3.1.1), Quaternary materials (e.g., bedrock, glacial till, talus debris, colluvium, and alluvium) (Section 3.1.2), the drainage network (Section 3.1.3) and rapid shallow failures (i.e., sediment sources including debris slides, debris flows and bank collapses) (Section 3.1.4). Field-based and proximal sensing data include measurements on shallow landslide geometry (Section 3.2.1), and characterization of surface (i.e., manual Wolman pebble count and photo sieving) and subsurface (i.e., bulk sampling, on-site preliminary sieving, and laboratory sieving) grain size distribution (GSD) conducted at six representative sites (i.e., M1 through M6;Figure 2a) along the mountain channel network that drains the glaciated landscape of Upper Mazia Valley (Sections 3.2.2,3.2.3,3.3, and3.4). Field measurements on landslide geometry are critical for constraining an empirical landslide area-volume relation, which in turn is used for translating landslide areas, as mapped on sequential photo sets, into first-order volumetric estimates of mobilized debris. GSD data allows characterizing the spatial variability of characteristic sediment calibers (i.e., D50, D84, and D90) as well as the armoring ratio (an index of channel stability), starting at glacier and rock glacier fronts and moving downstream. The multi-temporal mapping approach is structured as follows. Through visual inspection of sequential orthophoto sets, we first track changes in glacier extent. Subsequently, as glaciers retreat, we map and quantify the extent of newly exposed Quaternary materials, the occurrence of shallow rapid failures, and the relevant changes in the structure of the main drainage network. In this document, we illustrate SedInOut methodological approach applied to Mazia Valley, here regarded as representative of conditions that characterize the Austroalpine geologic domain. In particular, we integrate two nested spatial scales: (i)Upper Mazia Valley(18.8 km2) over which we conducted extensive fieldwork to constrain the geometry of rapid shallow failures on the hillslopes and low-order streams, and to characterize alluvial sediment along the channel network(Figure 2a); (ii)Proglacial Mazia Area(8.4 km2), where we document decadal geomorphological changes following the retreat of the Mazia glacier (Figure 2b). Time and temporal scales of investigation are summarized inTable 1.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Caratterizzazione e analisi del sedimento - WP 5 & WP 6 report Progetto SedInOut
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Mair, Volkmar, Rabanser, Monika, Scotti, Riccardo, and Brardinoni, Francesco
- Abstract
Il recente incremento della temperatura atmosferica è causa di profondi cambiamenti in ambienti montani di alta quota. Tali cambiamenti, influenzando direttamente la criosfera montana attraverso il ritiro dei ghiacciai e la degradazione del permafrost, possono alterare il regime idrologico dei bacini montani (Huggel et al., 2015), nonché la quantità e il calibro del sedimento disponibile per i movimenti di massa e il trasporto fluviale. Sebbene l'apporto di sedimento eserciti un controllo primario sulla stabilità dei canali e sul relativo potenziale rischio geologico, si nota una mancanza generale di procedure standard per la caratterizzazione di sorgenti e tipologia del sedimento, nonché per la valutazione della sua disponibilità. Questa lacuna, che è principalmente associata alla varietà dei protocolli nazionali e regionali esistenti per la raccolta dei dati, attualmente impedisce di perseguire una strategia di gestione del rischio oggettiva e transnazionale alla luce delle attuali sfide climatiche. SedInOut, attraverso uno sforzo interregionale congiunto, mira a sviluppare metodologie per la quantificazione e la caratterizzazione del sedimento in bacini idrografici rappresentativi, verso una gestione sostenibile del territorio che valorizzi la mitigazione del rischio geologico e l‘utilizzo del sedimento mobilizzato naturalmente. In questa relazione presentiamo un approccio metodologico che si basa sulla cartografia geologica esistente (progetto CARG), sulla topografia digitale ad alta risoluzione e sulle ortofotocarte storiche, integrando dati di rilevamento di campo e prossimali insieme a una mappatura multitemporale basata su metodi di telerilevamento (Figura 1). Le procedure di telerilevamento comprendono la mappatura multitemporale dell'estensione dei ghiacciai (sezione 3.1.1), dei depositi quaternari (ad es. roccia, till, detrito di versante, colluvium e alluvium) (sezione 3.1.2), del reticolo idrografico (sezione 3.1.3) e dei movimenti superficiali rapidi di versante, che per brevità, in questo documento verranno nominate come “frane rapide superficiali” (ad es. scivolamenti, colate di detrito e collassi spondali) (sezione 3.1.4). I dati di rilevamento sul campo e prossimali includono misurazioni sulla geometria delle frane poco profonde (sezione 3.2.1) e la caratterizzazione della granulometria superficiale (camminata casuale in stile Wolman e setacciatura basata su immagini) e subsuperficiale (ad esempio, campionamento ponderale, setacciatura meccanica preliminare in loco seguita da setacciatura in laboratorio) condotta in sei siti rappresentativi (da M1 a M6; Figura 2a) lungo il reticolo che drena il paesaggio glaciale dell'Alta Valle di Mazia (sezioni 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.3 e 3.4). Le misurazioni sul campo della geometria delle frane sono fondamentali per definire una relazione empirica area-volume, che a sua volta viene utilizzata per tradurre le aree di frana, mappate su set di foto sequenziali, in stime volumetriche del detrito mobilitato. I dati della distribuzione granulometrica consentono di caratterizzare la variabilità spaziale dei calibri di percentili caratteristici di una distribuzione granulometrica (D50, D84 e D90) e il rapporto di corazzamento (un indice di stabilità del canale), partendo dalle fronti dei ghiacciai e dei rock glacier, da cui i torrenti di studio si originano, e procedendo verso valle. L'approccio della mappatura multitemporale è strutturato come segue. Attraverso l'ispezione visiva di set di ortofotomosaici multitemporali, vengono tracciati i cambiamenti nell'estensione areale dei ghiacciai. Successivamente, con il ritiro dei ghiacciai, viene mappata e quantificata l'estensione dei materiali quaternari recentemente esposti e i relativi cambiamenti nella struttura del reticolo idrografico principale. In questo documento illustriamo l'approccio metodologico di SedInOut applicato alla Val di Mazia, considerata rappresentativa delle condizioni che caratterizzano il dominio geologico Austroalpino. In particolare, vengono integrate due scale spaziali: (i) l'Alta Val di Mazia (18,8 km2 ), in cui abbiamo condotto un'ampia attività di ricerca sul campo per definire la geometria delle frane rapide superficiali sui versanti e sui corsi d'acqua di basso ordine e per caratterizzare i sedimenti alluvionali lungo il reticolo idrografico (Figura 2a); (ii) l'Area Proglaciale di Mazia (8,4 km2 ), dove abbiamo documentato i cambiamenti geomorfologici decennali in seguito al ritiro del Ghiacciaio di Mazia (Figura 2b). Le scale temporali e spaziali di indagine sono riassunte in Tabella 1., La ricerca è stata finanziata dal Progetto Interreg V-A Italy – Austria ITAT3032 SedInOut – 'Development of a risk management methodology through the assessment of sediment availability for mass wasting in a mountain environment'
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- 2023
- Full Text
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9. A climate-driven, altitudinal transition in rock glacier dynamics detected through integration of geomorphological mapping and InSAR-based kinematics.
- Author
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Bertone, Aldo, Jones, Nina, Mair, Volkmar, Scotti, Riccardo, Strozzi, Tazio, and Brardinoni, Francesco
- Abstract
In dry southwestern South Tyrol, Italy, rock glaciers are dominant landforms of the high-mountain cryosphere. Their spatial distribution and degree of activity hold critical information on the past and current state of discontinuous permafrost, and consequently on response potential to climate warming. Traditional geomorphologic mapping, however, owing to the qualitative expert-based nature, typically displays a high degree of uncertainty and variability among operators with respect to the dynamic classification of intact (permafrost bearing) and relict (permafrost devoid) rock glaciers. This limits the reliability of geomorphologic rock glacier inventories for basic and applied purposes. To address this limitation: (i) we conduct a systematic evaluation of the improvements that InSAR-based information can afford to the detection and dynamic classification of rock glaciers; and (ii) build an integrated inventory that wishes to combine the strengths of geomorphologic- and InSAR-based approaches. To exploit fully InSAR-based information towards a better understanding of the topo-climatic conditions that sustain creeping permafrost, we further explore how velocity and the spatial distribution of moving areas (MAs) within rock glaciers may vary as a function of simple topographic variables known to exert first-order controls on incoming solar radiation, such as elevation and aspect. Starting from the compilation of a geomorphologic inventory (n = 789), we characterize the kinematics of InSAR-based MAs and the relevant hosting rock glaciers on thirty-six Sentinel-1 interferograms computed over 6-through 342-day baselines in the 2018-19 period. With respect to the original inventory, InSAR analysis allowed identifying 14 previously undetected rock glaciers. Further, it confirmed that 246 (76%) landforms, originally interpreted as intact, do exhibit detectable movement (i.e., =1 cm yr-1), and that 270 (60%) of the relict labelled counterparts do not, whereas 144 (18 %) resulted kinematically undefined due to decorrelation. Most importantly, InSAR proved critical for reclassifying 121 (15%) rock glaciers, clarifying that 41 (13%) of those interpreted as intact, do not exhibit detectable movement, and that 80 (17%) of the original relict ones do actually move. Reclassification, by increasing the altitudinal overlap between intact and relict rock glaciers depicts a broad transition belt in the aspect-elevation space, the amplitude of which varies from as little as 50 m on west facing slopes to a maximum of 500 m on easterly ones. This finding deteriorates the significance of elevation and aspect as topographic proxies for modelling permafrost occurrence, and highlights the importance of using InSAR for informing such models. From a process-oriented standpoint, InSAR information proves fundamental for imaging how this altitudinal transition manifests through changing rates and styles of rock glacier surface deformation. Specifically, we find that as rock glaciers move faster, an increasingly larger proportion of their surface becomes kinematically involved (i.e., percent MA cover), and that this proportion increases with elevation up to the 2600-2800 m, beyond which an inflection occurs and consistent average values are attained. Considering that the inflection falls between the -1°C and -2 °C MAAT - the lower boundary for discontinuous permafrost - and is independent of slope gradient, we conclude that this altitudinal pattern represents a geomorphic signature: the dynamic expression of increasing permafrost distribution (i.e., from sporadic to discontinuous), until optimal thermal conditions are reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Incorporating InSAR kinematics into rock glacier inventories: insights from 11 regions worldwide
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Bertone, Aldo, primary, Barboux, Chloé, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bolch, Tobias, additional, Brardinoni, Francesco, additional, Caduff, Rafael, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Darrow, Margaret M., additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Etzelmüller, Bernd, additional, Humlum, Ole, additional, Lambiel, Christophe, additional, Lilleøren, Karianne S., additional, Mair, Volkmar, additional, Pellegrinon, Gabriel, additional, Rouyet, Line, additional, Ruiz, Lucas, additional, and Strozzi, Tazio, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Landslide activity in contrasting land-cover settings constrained by multi-temporal inventorying
- Author
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Brardinoni, Francesco, Pittau, Sharon <1992>, Brardinoni, Francesco, and Pittau, Sharon <1992>
- Abstract
This doctoral thesis focuses on the study of historical shallow landslide activity over time in response to anthropogenic forcing on land use, through the compilation of multi-temporal landslide inventories. The study areas, located in contrasting settings and characterized by different history of land-cover changes, include the Sillaro River basin (Italy) and the Tsitika and Eve River basins (coastal British Columbia). The Sillaro River basin belongs to clay-dominated settings, characterized by extensive badland development, and dominated by earth slides and earthflows. Here, forest removal began in the Roman period and has been followed by agricultural land abandonment and natural revegetation in recent time. By contrast, the Tsitika-Eve River basins are characterized by granitic and basaltic lithologies, and dominated by debris slides, debris flows and debris avalanches. In this setting, anthropogenic impacts started in 1960’s and have involved logging operation. The thesis begins with an introductory chapter, followed by a methodological section, where a multi-temporal mapping approach is proposed and tested at four landslide sites of the Sillaro River basin. Results, in terms of inventory completeness in time and space, are compared against the existing region-wide Emilia-Romagna inventory. This approach is then applied at the Sillaro River basin scale, where the multi-temporal inventory obtained is used to investigate the landslide activity in relation to historical land cover changes across geologic domains and in relation to hydro-meteorological forcing. Then, the impact of timber harvesting and road construction on landslide activity and sediment transfer in the Tsitika-Eve River basins is investigated, with a focus on the controls that interactions between landscape morphometry and cutblock location may have on landslide size-frequency relations. The thesis ends with a summary of the main findings and discusses advantages and limitations associated with th
- Published
- 2022
12. Rapid formation of a bedrock canyon following gravel mining in the Marecchia River, Northern Apennines.
- Author
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Llena, Manel, primary, Simonelli, Tommaso, additional, and Brardinoni, Francesco, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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13. Decadal sedimentary yield and provenance in the Gioveretto, San Valentino and Vernago reservoirs, western South Tyrol, Italy
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Brardinoni, Francesco, primary, Llena, Manel, additional, Mair, Volkmar, additional, and Vezzoli, Giovanni, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Supplementary material to "Incorporating kinematic attributes into rock glacier inventories exploiting InSAR data: preliminary results in eleven regions worldwide"
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Bertone, Aldo, primary, Barboux, Chloé, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bolch, Tobias, additional, Brardinoni, Francesco, additional, Caduff, Rafael, additional, Christiansen, Hanne Hvidtfeldt, additional, Darrow, Margaret, additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Etzelmüller, Bernd, additional, Humlum, Ole, additional, Lambiel, Christophe, additional, Lilleøren, Karianne Staalesen, additional, Mair, Volkmar, additional, Pellegrinon, Gabriel, additional, Rouyet, Line, additional, Ruiz, Lucas, additional, and Strozzi, Tazio, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Incorporating kinematic attributes into rock glacier inventories exploiting InSAR data: preliminary results in eleven regions worldwide
- Author
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Bertone, Aldo, primary, Barboux, Chloé, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bolch, Tobias, additional, Brardinoni, Francesco, additional, Caduff, Rafael, additional, Christiansen, Hanne Hvidtfeldt, additional, Darrow, Margaret, additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Etzelmüller, Bernd, additional, Humlum, Ole, additional, Lambiel, Christophe, additional, Lilleøren, Karianne Staalesen, additional, Mair, Volkmar, additional, Pellegrinon, Gabriel, additional, Rouyet, Line, additional, Ruiz, Lucas, additional, and Strozzi, Tazio, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Inherited anthropogenic disturbance and decadal sediment dynamics in a mountain fluvial system: The case of the Marecchia River canyon, Northern Apennines.
- Author
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Llena, Manel, Simonelli, Tommaso, and Brardinoni, Francesco
- Subjects
- *
AGGRADATION & degradation , *RIVER channels , *FLUVIAL geomorphology , *SEDIMENTS , *DIGITAL elevation models - Abstract
We evaluate decadal coarse sediment dynamics along the Marecchia River of the Northern Apennines, a fluvial system with a history of gravel mining that led to the incision of a 6-km-long canyon. To this purpose, we subdivided the river into 21 reaches, seen as sediment reservoirs, to examine (1) historical variations in active channel width (1955-2019) in conjunction with (2) change in alluvial sediment storage (2009-2019), by differencing two sequential LiDAR digital elevation models (DEMs) within the active channel footprint. Combined examination of lateral (widening or narrowing) and vertical (aggradation or degradation) channel changes allowed the identification of composite styles of reservoir adjustment, as well as the refinement of geomorphic inference solely based on changes in active channel width. In particular, we find that different styles of decadal adjustment (1) are compatible with supply- and transport-limited conditions, as constrained by degree of confinement, stream channel slope, and active channel width; and (2) indicate different stages of evolution at reservoirs located upstream and downstream of the canyon head (dynamic equilibrium vs. transient response). The persistence of this geomorphic divide is supported over historical time scales by distinctive trends in planform channel changes, suggesting that sedimentary signal propagation downstream becomes abruptly interrupted at the canyon head. Over this 10-year natural experiment, the spatial pattern of erosion along the canyon exemplifies a striking case of transient response to anthropogenic forcing, where decadal topographic change, modulated by varying styles of hillslope-channel coupling, declines nonlinearly downstream. Depth of incision along the canyon increases progressively upstream, suggesting that the canyon head has been evolving toward a more unstable configuration with no significant change in sediment supply. This tendency, which points to a possible runaway style of development as bedload wearing on weak pelitic side walls continues, may hold basic implications for our understanding of channel incision into bedrock and strath terrace formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Landslide activity in contrasting land-cover settings constrained by multi-temporal inventorying
- Author
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Pittau, Sharon <1992> and Brardinoni, Francesco
- Subjects
GEO/04 Geografia fisica e geomorfologia - Abstract
This doctoral thesis focuses on the study of historical shallow landslide activity over time in response to anthropogenic forcing on land use, through the compilation of multi-temporal landslide inventories. The study areas, located in contrasting settings and characterized by different history of land-cover changes, include the Sillaro River basin (Italy) and the Tsitika and Eve River basins (coastal British Columbia). The Sillaro River basin belongs to clay-dominated settings, characterized by extensive badland development, and dominated by earth slides and earthflows. Here, forest removal began in the Roman period and has been followed by agricultural land abandonment and natural revegetation in recent time. By contrast, the Tsitika-Eve River basins are characterized by granitic and basaltic lithologies, and dominated by debris slides, debris flows and debris avalanches. In this setting, anthropogenic impacts started in 1960’s and have involved logging operation. The thesis begins with an introductory chapter, followed by a methodological section, where a multi-temporal mapping approach is proposed and tested at four landslide sites of the Sillaro River basin. Results, in terms of inventory completeness in time and space, are compared against the existing region-wide Emilia-Romagna inventory. This approach is then applied at the Sillaro River basin scale, where the multi-temporal inventory obtained is used to investigate the landslide activity in relation to historical land cover changes across geologic domains and in relation to hydro-meteorological forcing. Then, the impact of timber harvesting and road construction on landslide activity and sediment transfer in the Tsitika-Eve River basins is investigated, with a focus on the controls that interactions between landscape morphometry and cutblock location may have on landslide size-frequency relations. The thesis ends with a summary of the main findings and discusses advantages and limitations associated with the compilation of multi-temporal inventories in the two settings during different periods of human-driven, land-cover dynamics.
- Published
- 2022
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