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Introduction. The survival of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) depends on several factors, abnormal nutritional status such as obesity or protein-energy malnutrition are among these factors. Hence the importance of accurate assess-ment of nutritional status in order to preserve not only the renal function of these patients but also their quality of life on dialysis. Objectives. To establish the prevalence of obesity in patients with CKD, before starting extra-renal purification, based on two anthropometric methods: body mass index (BMI) and bioelectrical impedance. Material and methods. This was a descriptive observational study on 125 patients with CKD before the stage of dialysis, meeting the study eligibility criteria. The nutritional and anthropometric parameters (BMI, impedancemetry) were measured. Results. The mean age was 56.3±12.3 years, and the sex-ratio was 0.95. Regarding the nutritional evaluation of patients with CKD, more than 71% of patients had a BMI (kg/m2) greater than 25 (overweight and obesity), and33.6% greater than 30. The percentage of obese women according to BMI was higher than that of men (51.6 versus 48.3%). The highest rate of obesity according to BMI was found in patients with stage 3b CD (p=0.003). Obesity by percentage of body fat estimated by the bio-impedancemetry method was identified in 60% of patients. BMI was associated with a 26.4% under-identification of obesity. An increased level of visceral fat was found in 60% of patients. Over 45% of patients had low muscle mass. Negative correlations were found between BMI and muscle mass (r=-0.732; p=0.000), and between body fat mass and muscle mass (r=-0.999 ; p=0.000). Indeed, according to the bio-impedancemetry method, a sarcopenic obesity was found in 90% of obese patients. Conclusion. Traditional BMI measurement identifies significantly fewer CKD patients as obese, compared to nutritional endpoints based on estimating body fat percentage by impedance measurement. [Introduction. La survie des patients présentant une insuffisance rénale chroni-que (IRC), dépend de plusieurs facteurs, les anomalies de l’état nutritionnel, telles que l’obésité ou la malnutrition protéino-énergétique font partie de ces facteurs. D’où l’importance de l’appréciation exacte du statut nutritionnel afin de préserver, non seulement, la fonction rénale de ces patients mais aussi leur qualité de vie en dialyse. Objectifs. Etablir la prévalence de l’obésité chez des patients présentant une IRC, avant de débuter l’épuration extra-rénale, en fonction de deux méthodes anthropométri-ques : l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et l’impédance bioélectrique. Matériel et méthodes. C’est une étude observationnelle descriptive portant sur 125 patients ayant une IRC avant le stade de dialyse. Des paramètres nutritionnels anthropométriques (IMC, impédancemétrie) ont été mesurés. Résultats. L’âge moyen des patients était de 56,3±12,3 ans et le sex-ratio était de 0,95. L’évaluation nutritionnelle des patients en IRC a montré que plus de 71% avaient un IMC supérieur à 25 (obésité et surpoids) et 33,6% un IMC supérieur à 30. Le pourcentage de femmes obèses selon l’IMC était plus élevé que celui des hommes (51,6 contre 48,3%). Le taux le plus élevé d’obèses selon l’IMC était retrouvé chez les patients atteints d'IRC au stade 3b (p= 0,003). L’obésité par pourcentage de graisse corporelle, estimée par la méthode de bio-impédancemétrie, a été identifiée chez 60% des patients. L’IMC est associée à une sous-identification de l'obésité de 26,4%. Un niveau de graisse viscérale augmenté était retrouvé chez 60% des patients. Plus de 45% des patients présentaient une masse musculaire basse. Des corrélations négatives ont été notées entre l’IMC et la masse musculaire (r=-0,732 ; p=0,000) et entre la masse grasse corporelle et la masse musculaire (r=-0,999 ; p=0,000). En effet, selon la méthode de bio-impédancemétrie, une obésité sarcopénique a été observée chez 90% des patients obèses. Conclusion. La mesure traditionnelle de l'IMC identifie moins de patients atteints d'IRC comme obèses, comparée aux critères d’évaluation nutritionnels basés sur l'estimation du pourcentage de graisse corporelle par impédancemétrie.]

Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne disease affecting wild and domestic ruminants in many parts of the world. Although bluetongue virus (BTV) is widespread in ungulates in Africa, available epidemiological information on BT in this continent is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of BTV and summarize information on associated risk factors in domestic ruminants and camels in Africa. Systematic searches were conducted from the inception of the database to November 2022 on PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google/Google Scholar. Forty-four eligible publications were identified, published in the range from 1973 to 2020, and statistically analyzed. The pooled overall seroprevalence of BTV was 45.02% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.00-54.00%). The pooled seroprevalence was 49.70% (95% CI: 34.50-65.00%) in cattle, 47.00% (95% CI: 29.90-64.50%) in goats, 40.80% (95% CI: 19.60-63.90%) in camels, and 36.30% (95% CI: 29.00-44.90%) in sheep. The pooled seroprevalence decreased after 1990 and increased again after 2010. The highest pooled overall seroprevalence was found in the southeastern region, and the highest pooled overall seroprevalence was obtained by Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Finally, the seroprevalence in females (53.30%, 95% CI: 34.80-71.00%) was significantly higher than in males (28.10%, 95% CI: 17.40-40.30%) (p

This work is the continuation of a research project launched 4 years ago, concerning the optimization of the propulsion of an electric vehicle, which is divided into two major axes: one deals with the signal processing part used for dynamics and the other deals with control techniques for vehicle driving. In this paper, we present our idea for the optimization of propulsion. We propose to use a combined control of field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC). The two well-known techniques have different advantages depending on whether you are looking at speed or torque. The vehicle is driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Throughout the journey, we apply a FOC to control the speed where the road is flat, and we apply a DTC whenever we need the desired torque. Switching between the two control techniques is ensured by a well-adjusted switch via the variation of the load torque obtained by the vehicle dynamics sensors. The results obtained show good stability of the proposed system and allow the intended operation of the propulsion system.

Since the 20th century, numerous studies have detected or isolated parasites from the Trypanosomatidae family in various tick species. However, the status of ticks as vectors for medically or veterinary significant Trypanosoma and Leishmania remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide new insights into the potential vector status of these pathogens, which have significant medical and veterinary implications. We searched three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) from 1912 to June 30, 2023, resulting in 94 papers included in the qualitative analysis and 86 papers in the quantitative analysis. All identified field studies were conducted in endemic areas and investigated the presence of Trypanosoma and Leishmania parasites, DNA, or antigens in ticks. We recorded a pooled prevalence of Trypanosomatidae detection in ticks at 15.48 % [7.99–24.61 %], with significant variations depending on the year, detection method, and geographical area. Most of the infected tick species belonged to the genera Amblyomma, Hyalomma, Ixodes, and Rhipicephalus. Experimental laboratory work on transmission routes demonstrated potential vector competence in both the Argasidae and Ixodidae tick families. Although our systematic review and meta-analysis provide compelling evidence of the natural infection of ticks by Trypanosomatidae parasites, along with some evidence of non-traditional transmission routes, they do not offer conclusive evidence regarding the role of ticks as biological or mechanical vectors for Trypanosomatidae species of veterinary and medical interest. This highlights the urgent need for additional investigations to address this point.

La traducción especializada constituye un campo de estudio intrincado que va más allá de la mera transposición de palabras entre dos lenguas. En este contexto, la variación lingüística y sus peculiaridades (diatópicas, diastráticas, diafásicas, terminológicas, alternancia de códigos, etc.) adquiere un papel fundamental, especialmente cuando se aborda la traducción del español al árabe en un ámbito específico como es el de la joyería y orfebrería. Este artículo examina críticamente la interacción entre la variación en lengua árabe, la traducción especializada español-árabe y el trasvase de terminología del ámbito de la joyería-orfebrería al árabe. La investigación se sitúa en la confluencia de la traducción técnica y los estudios sociolingüísticos, destacando la importancia de abordar las diferencias geográficas, sociolingüísticas y socioculturales que influyen en la interpretación y recepción de los mensajes traducidos en el ámbito de la joyería. El análisis se basa en un corpus de 25 fichas terminológicas multimodales sobre joyería y orfebrería en español y sus equivalentes traducidos al árabe en el marco del proyecto FEDER I+D+i “BIJOULEX: Creación de una herramienta terminológica multilingüe (español, francés, inglés, italiano y árabe) y multimodal para el sector de la joyería, la orfebrería y su internacionalización”. Se busca identificar patrones específicos de variación en lengua árabe que puedan afectar al proceso de acuñación terminológica, a las estrategias de traducción de conceptos especializados o a la equivalencia cultural y técnica en la transferencia de conocimientos sobre joyería del español al árabe. Del análisis y discusión de los aspectos encontrados durante este proceso de traducción contrastiva se coligen conclusiones y recomendaciones de interés para el área de la traducción especializada español-árabe. Entre otros aspectos, se revela la complejidad de la traducción especializada en este dominio, en el que escasean en árabe las fuentes de consulta terminológica, pero donde la precisión técnica se entrelaza con las sutilezas culturales asociadas con la joyería-orfebrería. Se argumenta que una comprensión más profunda de las variaciones lingüísticas en árabe permitirá adecuar las estrategias de traducción empleadas en este ámbito de especialidad y transmitir el conocimiento intrínseco al mensaje original, teniendo en cuenta las peculiaridades lingüísticas del receptor árabe, al tiempo que se preserva no solo el significado léxico sino también las connotaciones culturales, terminológicas y estilísticas de este ámbito.

Abstract A system of dispersive representations of the Omnès–Khuri–Treiman–Sawyer–Wali type for the final-state interactions in the amplitudes of the $$K\rightarrow \pi \pi \pi $$ K → π π π weak transitions is constructed, under the assumptions that CP and isospin symmetries are conserved. Both the $$\Delta I = 1/2$$ Δ I = 1 / 2 and $$\Delta I = 3/2$$ Δ I = 3 / 2 transition channels are considered. The set of single-variable functions involved in these representations is identified, and the polynomial ambiguities in their definitions are discussed. Numerical solutions for the system of coupled integral relations satisfied by these functions are provided, and the determination of the subtraction constants in terms of the experimental information on the amplitudes in the decay region is addressed.

Abstract We perform a detailed study of the consequences of isospin symmetry in the Cabibbo favoured D → K ¯ ππ $$ D\to \overline{K}\pi \pi $$ decays. These processes are important for precision testing of the Standard Model and for hadronic physics. Combining isospin symmetry with a dispersive reconstruction theorem we derive a representation in terms of one-variable functions which allows one to predict all the D → K ¯ ππ $$ D\to \overline{K}\pi \pi $$ amplitudes given inputs from one D + mode and one D 0 mode. From this, using dispersion relations and unitarity, we derive a set of 6+6 Khuri-Treiman type integral equations which enable to take three-body rescattering effects into account. A first test of this approach is presented using experimental results on the D + → K S π 0 π + and the D 0 → K S π − π + modes.

Introduction/purpose: Among excellent strategies available to control the torque of asynchronous motors, we distinguish direct torque control. This technique of control allows direct control of magnetic flux and electromagnetic torque without the need to decouple them. Also, direct torque control like each control strategy has some drawbacks, the major drawbacks of this technique being operation at a variable switching frequency and flux and electromagnetic ripples due to the use of hysteresis regulators. It worsens acoustic noise, especially at low speeds, as well as the control performances. Methods: To improve the performance of direct torque control especially at low speeds, the authors propose using fractional order PID in combination with type-2 fuzzy logic controllers to regulate the speed of an induction motor controlled by direct torque control. Results: The results obtained by the proposed regulators show the improvements made to the system. Conclusion: The proposed contribution can exert better control efforts.

Tropical theileriosis (TT) is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria annulata and commonly infects cattle in tropical and subtropical regions, including Algeria. It is a significant obstacle to cattle breeding programs established to improve production in Algeria. The present investigation aimed to estimate the current molecular prevalence, risk factors, and genetic characterisation of T. annulata in two bioclimatic areas of Algeria. In a cross-sectional study, 679 blood samples (629 from healthy cattle selected on farms and 50 from diseased cattle identified by veterinarians) were collected from the humid (n = 307+50) and semi-arid (n = 322) areas and screened by blood smear examination followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 (cox III) mitochondrial and the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) genes for Theileria spp. Seventy-six positive samples (56 clinically healthy and 20 with clinical signs) for Theileria spp. were confirmed to be T. annulata by the merozoïtes surface antigen-1 (Tams1) gene showing a rate of 8.9 % in clinically healthy and 40.0 % in suspected cattle. Among the 307 bloods samples collected from healthy cattle in the humid area, 25 cattle (8.1 %) were positive for T. annulata. Of the 322 healthy cattle from the semi-arid site, 31 (9.6 %) were carriers of T. annulata DNA. In subclinical population, demographic and environmental parameters analysis indicated that T. annulata infection was higher in adult crossbred cattle raised in the intensive and semi-intensive system (P

Abstract Background The effects of COVID-19 on harmful traditional practices such Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) and Child or Forced Marriages (CFM) have not been well documented. We examined respondents’ perceptions on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected FGM/C and CFM in Kenya, Uganda, Senegal, and Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design with a mixed methods approach was used. Data collection on participants’ perceptions on the effects of COVID-19 on FGM/C and CFM took place between October-December 2020. Household surveys targeting women and men aged 15–49 years in Kenya (n = 312), Uganda (n = 278), Ethiopia (n = 251), and Senegal (n = 208) were conducted. Thirty-eight key informant interviews with programme implementers and policymakers were carried out in Kenya (n = 17), Uganda (n = 9), Ethiopia (n = 8), and Senegal (n = 4). Results In Kenya, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the increase in both FGM/C and CFM cases. Minimal increase of FGM/C cases was reported in Uganda and a significant increase in CFM cases. In Ethiopia, the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited perceived effect on changes in FGM/C and CFM. In Senegal, there were minimal perceived effects of COVID-19 on the number of FGM/C and CFM cases. The pandemic negatively affected implementation of interventions by the justice and legal system, the health system, and civil societies. Conclusions The pandemic has had varied perceived effects on FGM/C and CFM across the four countries. Generally, the pandemic has negatively affected implementation of interventions by the various sectors that are responsible for preventing and responding to FGM/C and CFM. This calls for innovative approaches in intervening in the various communities to ensure that women and girls at risk of FGM/C and CFM or in need of services are reached during the pandemic. Evidence on how effective alternative approaches such as the use of call centres, radio talk shows and the use of local champions as part of risk communication in preventing and responding to FGM/C and CFM amid COVID-19 is urgently required.

Butcher's meat and its offal intended for human consumption are subject to mandatory sanitary inspection at the slaughterhouse level by veterinary inspectors. Our objective is to determine the main reasons for seizures at the Biskra slaughterhouse during a three-month period with a number of 2303 slaughtered animals (sheep and goats). We noted 975 seizures (42.33%), mostly sheep (46.20%) (p

Ionic Liquids (ILs) have gained significant attention in both industry and academia due to their unique properties and diverse applications. With countless possible combinations of cations (e.g., Ammonium, Sulfonium, Phosphonium) and anions (Organic or Inorganic), the variety of ILs is immense. Among them, Imidazolium salts form the largest IL family, making them a focal point in this study. Phenolic compounds, essential in the chemical industry, become hazardous to both human and aquatic life when released into the environment. Traditional separation methods for phenolics unfortunately involve environmentally problematic processes. This research focuses on synthesizing and characterizing Imidazolium-functionalized ILs ([EtO2C2mim]Br, [EtO2C2mim]BF4, [EtO2C2mim]PF6) and studying their phenol extraction abilities. The results revealed [EtO2C2mim]Br as the most effective, extracting 99% of phenol and offering a promising alternative for the efficient extraction of phenols from real coal liquefaction oil.

The beneficial health effects of pomegranate have consistently garnered scientific interest. This study delves into the health-promoting qualities of pomegranate seed oil from northwest Algeria, renowned for its nutraceutical benefits. Through Soxhlet extractions, oil yields between 11% and 17% were achieved, dependent on the chosen solvent. The oil's quality was rigorously assessed using indicators like iodine, acid, and saponification indices. Gas chromatography identified the predominance of unsaturated fatty acids (comprising 95% of the total), with a notable presence of punicic acid at 83.20%. This exceptionally high punicic acid content establishes Beni-Snouss pomegranate seed oil as a global punicic acid treasure trove, underscoring its significance as a valuable nutraceutical resource.

This work aims to determine the main histological changes in the endometrium of female camels during the postpartum period (recovered from the uterine epithelium). For this, successive samples of uterine mucosa were taken from the left uterine horn of females from the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th, 15th, 18th, and 21st postpartum day. The samples of the uterine biopsies were carried out on 10 camels. In this study, it appears that the recovery of the epithelium of the uterine endometrium is short (3 weeks) and comparable to that of mares. In conclusion, this study verified the hypothesis of short uterine involution in camels and the rapid resumption of ovarian activity.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused socio-economic disruptions across the globe. The pandemic disrupted the health system (HS) calling for reengineering in response to high infection rates, deaths, and resultant containment measures. To deal with COVID-19 and promote resilience, community health workers (CHWs) were engaged across countries. Objective: Assess the preparedness of CHWs in supporting health system response in prevention and management of COVID-19 in Kenya, Senegal, and Uganda. Methods: A mixed methods design study involving national and subnational jurisdictions in the 3 countries. Key informant interviews were conducted with policy actors (16) and health care workers (24) while in-depth interviews involved CHWs (14) and community members (312) subjected to survey interviews. Results: Most (>50%) households survived on

This paper describes selected chemical, physical and analytical composition of fresh chicken egg (FCE), whole egg powder (WEP), and irradiated whole egg powder (IWEP). WEP samples were irradiating at 0, 5, 10 and 15 kGy using gamma irradiator. Analysis determined the approximate compositions, chemical and physical properties including the percentage of moisture, crud fat, crude protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, and ash, total acidity, pH value, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), viscosity and color changes in FCE, WEP and IWEP. The results indicate that the FEP and WEP could be a fine resource of nutrients for consumers to select. In general, no considered differences observed in proximate components of WEP and IWEP. The results shows some differences in the analyzed chemical and physical parameters between WEP and IWEP. However, the tested physical and chemical parameters were all well within the acceptable limits for samples of FCE, WEP and IWEP.

We report a case of persistent disseminated mpox evolving over >6 months in an HIV/hepatitis B virus co-infected patient in France who had <200 CD4+ cells/mm 3 , pulmonary and hepatic necrotic lesions, persistent viremia, and nasopharyngeal excretion. Clinical outcome was favorable after 90 days of tecovirimat treatment and administration of human vaccinia immunoglobulins.

Within the realm of health care quality assessment, quality assurance and safety grading systems play a vital role in gauging hospital performance and communicating results to the general public. The primary objective of this review is to analyze the hospitals in California through the lens of Leapfrog Safety Grades and discuss the complex interplay of geographical location, hospital size, and larger system affiliation status. Leapfrog Safety Grades, hospital characteristics, and geographic information were collected. Hospitals were categorized by geographic region, size, rural/urban classification, and larger system affiliation status. Of the 284 hospitals included in the study, 95 were given a grade of A, 68 given a grade of B, 93 given a grade of C, 23 given a grade of D, 2 given a grade of F, and 3 were not graded. The vast majority of hospitals in California were classified as urban, with 183 falling under this category. The average number of hospital beds and SD was 227 ± 47.57. On average, hospitals that received a grade of D were significantly smaller in size than those that received a grade of A, while hospitals that received a grade of B or C were similar in size. A total of 107 hospitals were affiliated with a larger health care system. About 70% of hospitals affiliated with a system received an A or B grade, while 50% of unaffiliated hospitals received an A or B grade. Results of this study demonstrate a need for improving health care access and quality in medically underserved urban and rural areas. Hospitals affiliated with a larger health care system received higher grades than unaffiliated hospitals, suggesting that affiliation may also play a role in the implementation and mitigation of factors that contribute to Leapfrog Safety Grades., (Copyright © 2024 the American College of Medical Quality.)

The question of why parents parent the way they do is central in parenting studies. Research about the predictors of parenting has been guided by Belsky's classical model of parenting determinants. In this model, socioeconomic status was not explicitly considered as a determinant of parenting. However, there is ample research that came later that found relations between socioeconomic status and parenting. The aim of this study was to find an aggregate estimate of the relations between socioeconomic status and parenting practices using meta-analytic methods. We found that socioeconomic status was positively linked to positive parenting, and negatively linked to negative parenting. In particular, socioeconomic status was positively linked to parental warmth and parental behavioral control, but negatively linked to parental psychological control. The relations between socioeconomic status and positive or negative parenting were not moderated by child's age or sex and did not differ based on the type of socioeconomic status indicator. Moreover, all the correlations were small in magnitude, and were comparable to other predictors of parenting such as parent's depression, parent's personality traits, and child's temperament. Our results suggest that parent's overall socioeconomic status, or its different constituents, supplement Belsky's model of parenting determinants., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Importance: Given the high risk of thrombosis and anticoagulation-related bleeding in patients with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia, identifying the lowest effective dose of anticoagulation therapy for these patients is imperative., Objectives: To determine whether therapeutic anticoagulation (TA) or high-dose prophylactic anticoagulation (HD-PA) decreases mortality and/or disease duration compared with standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation (SD-PA), and whether TA outperforms HD-PA; and to compare the net clinical outcomes among the 3 strategies., Design, Settings, and Participants: The ANTICOVID randomized clinical open-label trial included patients with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen and having no initial thrombosis on chest computer tomography with pulmonary angiogram at 23 health centers in France from April 14 to December 13, 2021. Of 339 patients randomized, 334 were included in the primary analysis-114 patients in the SD-PA group, 110 in the HD-PA, and 110 in the TA. At randomization, 90% of the patients were in the intensive care unit. Data analyses were performed from April 13, 2022, to January 3, 2023., Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive either SD-PA, HD-PA, or TA with low-molecular-weight or unfractionated heparin for 14 days., Main Outcomes and Measures: A hierarchical criterion of all-cause mortality followed by time to clinical improvement at day 28. Main secondary outcome was net clinical outcome at day 28 (composite of thrombosis, major bleeding, and all-cause death)., Results: Among the study population of 334 individuals (mean [SD] age, 58.3 [13.0] years; 226 [67.7%] men and 108 [32.3%] women), use of HD-PA and SD-PA had similar probabilities of favorable outcome (47.3% [95% CI, 39.9% to 54.8%] vs 52.7% [95% CI, 45.2% to 60.1%]; P = .48), as did TA compared with SD-PA (50.9% [95% CI, 43.4% to 58.3%] vs 49.1% [95% CI, 41.7% to 56.6%]; P = .82) and TA compared with HD-PA (53.5% [95% CI 45.8% to 60.9%] vs 46.5% [95% CI, 39.1% to 54.2%]; P = .37). Net clinical outcome was met in 29.8% of patients receiving SD-PA (20.2% thrombosis, 2.6% bleeding, 14.0% death), 16.4% receiving HD-PA (5.5% thrombosis, 3.6% bleeding, 11.8% death), and 20.0% receiving TA (5.5% thrombosis, 3.6% bleeding, 12.7% death). Moreover, HD-PA and TA use significantly reduced thrombosis compared with SD-PA (absolute difference, -14.7 [95% CI -6.2 to -23.2] and -14.7 [95% CI -6.2 to -23.2], respectively). Use of HD-PA significantly reduced net clinical outcome compared with SD-PA (absolute difference, -13.5; 95% CI -2.6 to -24.3)., Conclusions and Relevance: This randomized clinical trial found that compared with SD-PA, neither HD-PA nor TA use improved the primary hierarchical outcome of all-cause mortality or time to clinical improvement in patients with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia; however, HD-PA resulted in significantly better net clinical outcome by decreasing the risk of de novo thrombosis., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04808882.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that occurs in old age due to a decrease in dopamine, which causes nerve cell destruction. This disease is difficult to diagnose since its symptoms are similar to those of the aging process. Those with PD have impaired motor control and function, dyskinesia, and tremors. To treat PD, drugs that enhance the amount of dopamine given to the brain are administered to alleviate symptoms. This inquiry examines the prescription of rotigotine to achieve this objective. The primary objective of this review is to examine the usage of rotigotine in both the late and early stages of PD. The statistical model utilized in the review found that there was not a significant difference in the dosage of rotigotine prescribed to late and early-stage PD patients, however, there were some confounding variables that may have skewed this result; therefore, further research is necessary to validate or nullify this hypothesis., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Rajendran et al.)

Purpose: This study aimed to assess specific gamma irradiation doses to be applied as a post-preparation process to assure the chemical, physical and sensory properties of plum molasses (PM)., Materials and Methods: Samples of PM were treated with 0, 3, 6 and 9 kGy in a 60 Co gamma irradiation plant. Proximate composition, chemical, the physical and sensory determination was accomplished immediately after treatment., Results: Our results showed that, the moisture content of PM were significantly ( p  < .05) rise by treating with 3 kGy. Whereas, ash and reducing sugar quantity of PM was significantly ( p  < .05) decreased by treatment at the same dose (3 kGy). Irradiation treatment induced small and not significant alterations ( p  > .05) in crude protein, crud fat, and total sugar of PM. The chemical and physical parameters including; total acidity (TA), pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), total soluble solids (TSS) (%, Brix), viscosity and color, which were elected as the indicators of quality, were all well within the recommended values for PM treated with 0, 3, 6 and 9 kGy. Sensory determination indicated no significant ( p  > .05) alterations between irradiated samples and non-irradiated samples of PM., Conclusion: Irradiation treatment at 3 kGy was considered as acceptable to be used for the preservation purpose of PM without modifying their quality properties.

When laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery is employed for myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, the process requires the usage of anesthetics to ensure that there is minimal patient harm and negative consequences once the procedure is complete. Statistical analysis was conducted as part of this review to evaluate the application of and distinctions between the different analgesics used for LASIK surgery by compiling and filtering information from multiple research studies. Topically administered oxybuprocaine and proparacaine were found to be the most commonly used anesthetics for LASIK, according to the data included in the review. It was also determined that there were no significant differences in terms of patient outcomes and drug concentrations when proparacaine was substituted for oxybuprocaine. This is particularly intriguing given their different chemical compositions. Temporary dry eyes were the most commonly reported adverse effect of LASIK when the anesthetic was employed. Perhaps cocaine derivatives produce similar anesthetic and post-surgical effects, but further investigations are needed to verify this hypothesis., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Riazi Esfahani et al.)

The ability of clopidogrel (Plavix) to work in tandem with aspirin in a dual therapy strategy to boost the anti-platelet therapeutic impact and diminish platelet aggregation induced by platelet receptor inhibition is one of its many key advantages. The researchers discovered that the average reduction in risk of adverse cardiovascular events related to Plavix much outweighed any potential systemic effects. The analysis also revealed that, even though treatment results for diabetic patients with coronary microvascular disease (CMD) are poorer, the dosage and administration of clopidogrel for dual therapy are not modified to address this issue. Although it has been established that the current standard of care for microvascular disease decreases damage, more study is necessary to ensure that this standard is enhanced. It may become more usual in the future to include patient groups in trials who do not have diabetes as a criterion. Patients with diabetes often have higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels than the general population, therefore, it is possible that the research findings are flawed. To confirm or reject this assumption, further research is necessary., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Iskandar et al.)

Infantile malignant osteopetrosis is a debilitating disease that requires total bone marrow irradiation and transplant procedures for patients to survive. The major complication of this procedure is graft vs host disease (GVHD), followed by infections and end organ toxicity. Therefore, current research efforts into treatment mainly aim to reduce GVHD while limiting infections and organ toxicity. Different regimens of alkylating agents have been used to try to reduce GVHD. The most common regimen is cyclophosphamide (Cy) with busulfan (Bu), followed by Cy with Bu and thiotepa (Thio). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different treatments by comparing mortality and morbidity causes and rates across groups. The mean one-year survival rate for the Cy, Bu, Thio regimen studies in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) unmatched group (45.01%) was statistically lower than the one-year survival rate for the studies using just a Cy, Bu regimen (70.8%) in the HLA unmatched studies (p<0.00142). The one-year survival in the studies which had HLA-matched donors was 80.56%, which is statistically higher (p<0.001) than the one-year survival in the HLA-unmatched studies (53.96%), indicating a benefit of finding HLA-matched donors. It seems that price and availability could be a factor in the widespread use of Cy., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Wagh et al.)

Objectives: Isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis (HR-TB) requires early diagnosis and adapted treatment to achieve optimal outcomes. The primary aim of the study was to assess the impact of the implementation of rapid diagnostic tests on HR-TB treatment in France., Methods: We designed a retrospective multicentre study including consecutive HR-TB patients diagnosed in 2016 and 2017. Implementation of a molecular assay detecting isoniazid resistance directly on a clinical sample was recorded. The association between early implementation of such assays and adequate treatment was assessed by a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model., Results: Overall, 99 HR-TB patients were included from 20 University Hospitals. Among all smear-positive HR-TB patients, only 26% beneficiated from early molecular HR detection. This detection was independently associated with shorter time to adequate treatment (HR = 2.0 [1.1-3.8], p = 0.03)., Conclusion: In our study, molecular detection of HR on an initial sample was independently associated with earlier treatment adaptation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Although it is not a very common condition, people who have suffered from neuro-damage or neuro-diseases are at risk for developing a condition known as Alien hand syndrome (AHS). Individuals who have this condition are unable to control the movement of their hands for certain brief intervals of time. In order to improve upon the treatment of individuals with AHS, it is important that signs and symptoms of the disease are identified as soon as possible. The purpose of this investigation is to catalog the data regarding the pre-existing conditions and the method of diagnosis for AHS. Within the review, it was revealed that stroke was the most common pre-existing condition for the disease. Therefore, physicians who have stroke patients within their care should carefully monitor their condition in case they do develop AHS. Additionally, it was found that using an MRI machine was the most common method of diagnosing a patient with AHS. This was most likely because MRI scans provide the most information about a patient's brain functionality which can be used to deduce if an individual has AHS., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Pradhan et al.)