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Exploring how SRDI enterprises achieve high‐quality development constitutes a pivotal task for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and niche leaders. While prior research primarily concentrated on the influence of innovative policies on SRDI enterprises, it has disregarded the intrinsic propelling forces intrinsic to these enterprises. To bridge this research gap, our study leverages a machine learning model that incorporates 19 feature variables spanning four dimensions—"specialization, refinement, distinctiveness, and innovation"—to anticipate high‐quality development in enterprises. Drawing on a sample of 667 A‐share SRDI‐listed enterprises from 2012 to 2022, and after subjecting the data to preprocessing, the study employs the mean of five machine learning models to predict high‐quality development in enterprises. Moreover, we discern pivotal feature variables and dimensions. Notably, outcomes underscore the paramount significance of market share in achieving high‐quality progress within SRDI enterprises, with refinement emerging as the foremost feature dimension among the four. Moreover, during the three stages delineated by SRDI policies, research and development intensity, equity financing, and market share emerge as the preeminent feature variables within their respective stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Metastasis occurs at all stages of tumor development, with unexplored changes occurring at the primary site and distant colonization sites. The growing understanding of the metastatic process of tumor cells has contributed to the emergence of better treatment options and strategies. This review summarizes a range of features related to tumor cell metastasis and nanobased drug delivery systems for inhibiting tumor metastasis. The mechanisms of tumor metastasis in the ideal order of metastatic progression were summarized. We focus on the prominent role of nanocarriers in the treatment of tumor metastasis, summarizing the latest applications of nanocarriers in combination with drugs to target important components and processes of tumor metastasis and providing ideas for more effective nanodrug delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration and development of high-performance, durable and economic bifunctional electrocatalysts towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential but challenging for the development of rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs). Metal coordinated conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) with an inherent rigid structure and customizable elemental composition are regarded as ideal precursors for the target preparation of porous carbon-based catalysts. Whereas it is hard to obtain bifunctional catalysts from monometallic CMPs. Here, we report a bimetallic conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) composed of boron dipyrromethene (bodipy) and Fe/Co-porphyrin (BP-CMP). Direct pyrolysis of the BP-CMP yields a defect-enriched B,N-codoped carbon composite, denoted as BP-800, with embedded Co3Fe7 and Fe/Co–N sites. The high specific surface area (890 m2 g−1) and hierarchical pore structure provide easily accessible active sites, significantly enhancing the oxygen catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the additional doping of B imparts a synergistic effect to the catalyst, which could not only realize the fine adjustment of the electronic properties, but also of the surface polarities of the carbon matrix. Therefore, compared with the B-free catalyst (P-800), BP-800 presents outstanding bifunctional catalytic activity for electrochemical oxygen reactions. For example, it presents superior catalytic performance with a super long-term running stability and fuel immunity, as well as a favored 4e-reduction pathway for the reduction of oxygen (ORR) in the whole pH range. Furthermore, compared with a commercial Pt/C catalyzed battery, the homemade ZABs using BP-800 as the cathode catalyst presented a higher open-circuit voltage (1.526 V), power density (185 mW cm−2), discharge specific capacity (776 mA h gZn−1 at 10 mA cm−2) and a longer cycle life (94 h at 10 mA cm−2), as well as excellent rate capacity. Moreover, owing to the effective protection of porous carbon in the alloy nanoparticles, the rechargeable ZAB with the BP-800 catalyst delivers excellent stability during long-term charging–discharging cycles, comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C and IrO2 benchmarks. This work paves an avenue for the synthesis of stable and efficient electrocatalysts to drive the development of breathing Zn–air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional chemotherapeutic agents are limited by their lack of targeting and penetration and their short retention time, and chemotherapy might induce an immune suppressive environment. Peptide self‐assembly can result in a specific morphology, and the resulting morphological changes are stimuli responsive to the external environment, which is important for drug permeation and retention of encapsulated chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, a polypeptide (Pep1) containing the peptide sequences PLGLAG and RGD that is responsive to matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) was successfully developed. Pep1 underwent a morphological transformation from a spherical structure to aggregates with a high aspect ratio in response to MMP‐2 induction. This drug delivery system (DI/Pep1) can transport doxorubicin (DOX) and indomethacin (IND) simultaneously to target tumor cells for subsequent drug release while extending drug retention within tumor cells, which increases immunogenic cell death and facilitates the immunotherapeutic effect of CD4+ T cells. Ultimately, DI/Pep1 attenuated tumor‐associated inflammation, enhanced the body's immune response, and inhibited breast cancer growth by combining the actions of DOX and IND. Our research offers an approach to hopefully enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In tumor treatment, the highly disordered vascular system and lack of accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs in tumors severely limit the therapeutic role of nanocarriers. Smaller drug-containing nanoparticles (NPs) can better penetrate the tumor but are easily removed, which severely limits the tumor-killing properties of the drug. The chemotherapeutic medication doxorubicin (DOX) is highly toxic to the heart, but this toxicity can be effectively mitigated and the combined anticancer effect can be enhanced by clinically incorporating curcumin (CUR) as part of the dual therapy. We designed a small-molecule peptide, Pep1, containing a targeting peptide (CREKA) and a pH-responsive moiety. These NPs can target the blood vessels in tumor microthrombi and undergo a morphological shift in the tumor microenvironment. This process enhances the penetration and accumulation of drugs, ultimately improving the effectiveness of cancer treatment. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that this morphological transformation allowed rapid and effective drug release into tumors, the effective inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, and the promotion of tumor cell apoptosis, thus effectively killing tumor cells. Our findings provide a novel and simple approach to nhibit the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Muscle segment homeobox 2 (MSX2) has been confirmed to be involved in the regulation of early tooth development. However, the role of MSX2 has not been fully elucidated in enamel development. To research the functions of MSX2 in enamel formation, we used a Msx2 -/- (KO) mouse model with no full Msx2 gene. In the present study, the dental appearance and enamel microstructure were detected by scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography. The results showed that the absence of Msx2 resulted in enamel defects, leading to severe tooth wear in KO mice. To further investigate the mechanism behind the phenotype, we performed detailed histological analyses of the enamel organ in KO mice. We discovered that ameloblasts without Msx2 could secrete a small amount of enamel matrix protein in the early stage. However, the enamel epithelium occurred squamous epithelial hyperplasia and partial keratinization in the enamel organ during subsequent developmental stages. Ameloblasts depolarized and underwent pyroptosis. Overall, during the development of enamel, MSX2 affects the formation of enamel by regulating the function of epithelial cells in the enamel organ., (© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)