Search

Constructing nanozyme-based single atoms with exposed metal-Nx catalytic sites for alendronate sodium (ALDS) tablet quality control is a complex and uncommon task. Herein, we presented an innovative colorimetric assay to detect ALDS utilizing carbon-supported Fe/Co dual-atom nanozymes (Fe/CoSA-NCs) derived from a precursor of porphyrin covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The Fe/CoSA-NC nanozymes, featuring an Fe–N5 active site and electronic interactions between Fe and Co, exhibited enhanced peroxidase-like activity. Experimental findings and theoretical calculations elucidated that the superior activity of Fe/CoSA-NCs stemmed from the synergistic effect of the dual atoms, which boosted substrate adsorption and reduced the reaction barrier. When integrated with ALDS and Fe/CoSA-NCs, the peroxidase-like activity of Fe/CoSA-NCs could be inhibited due to ALDS-Fe3+ coordination. Leveraging this mechanism, a rapid and selective colorimetric method was developed for detecting ALDS. The Fe/CoSA-NC sensor showed a detection limit of 0.96 μM for ALDS in phosphate buffer, surpassing traditional techniques in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and simplicity. Moreover, the system was successfully utilized to control the pharmaceutical quality of ALDS and to determine ALDS in urine samples. This work opens a powerful avenue for developing efficient dual-atom nanozymes from COFs and expands the potential applications of nanozyme clinical pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excessive and prolonged use of antibiotics contributes to the emergence of drug‐resistant S. aureus strains and potential dysbacteriosis‐related diseases, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches. Herein, we present a light‐activated nanocatalyst for synthesizing in situ antimicrobials through photoredox‐catalytic click reaction, achieving precise, site‐directed elimination of S. aureus skin infections. Methylene blue (MB), a commercially available photosensitizer, was encapsulated within the CuII‐based metal–organic framework, MOF‐199, and further enveloped with Pluronic F‐127 to create the light‐responsive nanocatalyst MB@PMOF. Upon exposure to red light, MB participates in a photoredox‐catalytic cycle, driven by the 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic carboxylate salts (BTC−) ligand presented in the structure of MOF‐199. This light‐activated MB then catalyzes the reduction of CuII to CuI through a single‐electron transfer (SET) process, efficiently initiating the click reaction to form active antimicrobial agents under physiological conditions. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the effectiveness of MB@PMOF‐catalyzed drug synthesis in inhibiting S. aureus, including their methicillin‐resistant strains, thereby accelerating skin healing in severe bacterial infections. This study introduces a novel design paradigm for controlled, on‐site drug synthesis, offering a promising alternative to realize precise treatment of bacterial infections without undesirable side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Necroptosis induced by receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is engaged in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) pathology. In this study, we explored the impact of RIPK3 activation on neuronal necroptosis and the mechanism of the death domain‐associated protein (DAXX)‐mediated nuclear necroptosis pathway after ICH. Methods: Potential molecules linked to the progression of ICH were discovered using RNA sequencing. The level of DAXX was assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR, ELISA, and western blotting. DAXX localization was determined by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays. The RIPK3 inhibitor GSK872 and DAXX knockdown with shRNA‐DAXX were used to examine the nuclear necroptosis pathway associated with ICH. Neurobehavioral deficit assessments were performed. Results: DAXX was increased in patients and mice after ICH. In an ICH mouse model, shRNA‐DAXX reduced brain water content and alleviated neurologic impairments. GSK872 administration reduced the expression of DAXX. shRNA‐DAXX inhibited the expression of p‐MLKL. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays showed that RIPK3 and AIF translocated into the nucleus and then bound with nuclear DAXX. Conclusions: RIPK3 revitalization promoted neuronal necroptosis in ICH mice, partially through the DAXX signaling pathway. RIPK3 and AIF interacted with nuclear DAXX to aggravate ICH injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their inherent advantages over other types of organic solar cells, including superior optical and thermal stability, as well as exceptional mechanical durability. Recently, all‐PSCs have experienced remarkable advancements in device performance thanks to the invention of polymerized small‐molecule acceptors (PSMAs) since 2017. Among these PSMAs, PY‐IT has garnered immense interest from the scientific community due to its exceptional performance in all‐PSCs. In this review, we presented the design principles of PY‐IT and discussed the various strategies employed in device engineering for PY‐IT‐based all‐PSCs. These strategies include additive and interface engineering, layer‐by‐layer processing methods, meniscus‐assisted coating methods, and ternary strategy. Furthermore, this review highlighted several novel polymeric donor materials that are paired with PY‐IT to achieve efficient all‐PSCs. Lastly, we summarized the inspiring strategies for further advancing all‐PSCs based on PY‐IT. These strategies aim to enhance the overall performance and stability of all‐PSCs by exploring new materials, optimizing device architectures, and improving fabrication techniques. By leveraging these approaches, we anticipate significant progress in the development of all‐PSCs and their potential as a viable renewable energy source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their inherent advantages over other types of organic solar cells, including superior optical and thermal stability, as well as exceptional mechanical durability. Recently, all‐PSCs have experienced remarkable advancements in device performance thanks to the invention of polymerized small‐molecule acceptors (PSMAs) since 2017. Among these PSMAs, PY‐IT has garnered immense interest from the scientific community due to its exceptional performance in all‐PSCs. In this review, we presented the design principles of PY‐IT and discussed the various strategies employed in device engineering for PY‐IT‐based all‐PSCs. These strategies include additive and interface engineering, layer‐by‐layer processing methods, meniscus‐assisted coating methods, and ternary strategy. Furthermore, this review highlighted several novel polymeric donor materials that are paired with PY‐IT to achieve efficient all‐PSCs. Lastly, we summarized the inspiring strategies for further advancing all‐PSCs based on PY‐IT. These strategies aim to enhance the overall performance and stability of all‐PSCs by exploring new materials, optimizing device architectures, and improving fabrication techniques. By leveraging these approaches, we anticipate significant progress in the development of all‐PSCs and their potential as a viable renewable energy source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymerized small molecule acceptors have recently greatly facilitated the development of all‐polymer solar cells (All‐PSCs) with respect to the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, high‐performance and low‐cost polymer donors for All‐PSCs are still lacking, limiting further large‐scale manufacturing of All‐PSCs. Herein, this work designs and synthesizes a new thiophene derivative, FETVT, featuring vinyl‐bridged fluorine and ester‐substituted monothiophene. Incorporation of FETVT into a polymer yields a high‐performance polythiophene derivative PFETVT‐T, which exhibits deep‐lying HOMO level, suitable solution pre‐aggregation ability, finely‐tuned polymer crystallinity, and appropriate thermodynamic miscibility with the polymer acceptor L15. As a result, binary based on PFETVT‐T achieves a record PCE of 11.81% with agood stability, representing a breakthrough for polythiophenes and their derivatives‐based All‐PSCs, which is also significantly higher than that (1.92%) of All‐PSCs based on its isomerized analog. Remarkably, PFETVT‐T achieves an impressive PCE exceeding 16% via the implementation of a ternary blend design. These findings offer a hopeful pathway toward attaining high‐performance, stable, and cost‐effective PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades, immunotherapy has achieved a series of clinical successes in the field of cancer. However, existing therapeutic options usually show a low immune response to solid tumors caused by immunosuppressive "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME). Several types of proinflammatory regulated cell death (RCD), mainly including ferroptosis and pyroptosis, have been studied recently, which can provide proinflammatory signals and immunogenicity necessary for remodeling TME and activating an antitumor immune response. A variety of chemotherapeutic drugs are proven to be effective in the proinflammatory RCD induction of tumor cells, but several adverse effects and intrinsic drug resistance usually occur in the therapeutic process, greatly hindering their further clinical application. The emerging organic photosensitizer (PS)‐based materials open new possibilities to effectively activate proinflammatory RCD through precise spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species‐associated signaling pathways, which can overcome many challenges encountered in current proinflammatory RCD‐mediated immunotherapy. In this review, the recent design strategies of PS probes are detailly summarized and their potential advantages for tumor‐specific proinflammatory RCD induction are discussed. Moreover, the representative examples in cancer immunotherapy are highlighted and future perspectives in this emerging field are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Bithiophene imide (BTI)‐based polymers have been promising photovoltaic materials due to their high mobility and tunable energy levels. However, BTI polymers have rarely been revisited since organic solar cells (OSCs) entered the era of non‐fullerene electron acceptors (NFEA) likely owing to their incompatibility with NFEAs. Herein, fine‐tuning the aggregation and orientation of BTI‐based donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) polymer donors was achieved by incorporating the linear n‐octyl group into thiophene π‐bridge. The resulting polymer donor G15 shows excellent compatibility with NFEA L15 (polymer acceptor). The G15‐based all‐polymer OSCs achieve high power conversion efficiency of 15.17%. This is significantly higher than that (< 5%) of its analogue with isomerized branched alkyl chains and also among the highest values for all‐polymer OSCs. The results highlight that well‐tailored BTI polymer donors are attractive photovoltaic materials for further exploration in non‐fullerene organic solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hole transport materials (HTMs) are of great significance to improve the efficiency and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Herein, a series of new HTMs based on isomeric dithienothiophene (DTT) are designed and synthesized. Effects of sulphur (S) atoms positions on defect passivation and performance of PVSCs are systematically investigated through theoretical computation, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. The three molecules display noticeable isomeric effect in energy level, light absorption, and hole mobility. With S atoms varied from bottom‐bottom‐bottom in 3T‐1 to bottom‐bottom‐top in 3T‐2, then to bottom‐top‐bottom in 3T‐3, the grown perovskite crystallite on the corresponding HTMs shows more homeogenous film morphology and less pinhole traps. Meanwhile, nonradiative recombination losses can be suppressed and hole extraction efficiency at HTM/perovskite surface can be improved from 3T‐1 to 3T‐3. As a result, the remarkable improvement of short‐circuit current density nd open‐circuit voltage in inverted perovskite solar cells can be realized with increasing the sulphur atoms contribution to the molecular conjugation. More importantly, 3T‐3‐based dopant‐free HTM achieves a top power conversion efficiency of 19.23% in PVSCs with good device stability under green solvent processing. These results demonstrate the role of S atoms positions in HTMs on photovoltaic performance of PVSCs and the potential of DTT in developing eco‐friendly HTMs toward efficient PVSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Bithiophene imide (BTI)‐based polymers have been promising photovoltaic materials due to their high mobility and tunable energy levels. However, BTI polymers have rarely been revisited since organic solar cells (OSCs) entered the era of non‐fullerene electron acceptors (NFEA) likely owing to their incompatibility with NFEAs. Herein, fine‐tuning the aggregation and orientation of BTI‐based donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) polymer donors was achieved by incorporating the linear n‐octyl group into thiophene π‐bridge. The resulting polymer donor G15 shows excellent compatibility with NFEA L15 (polymer acceptor). The G15‐based all‐polymer OSCs achieve high power conversion efficiency of 15.17%. This is significantly higher than that (< 5%) of its analogue with isomerized branched alkyl chains and also among the highest values for all‐polymer OSCs. The results highlight that well‐tailored BTI polymer donors are attractive photovoltaic materials for further exploration in non‐fullerene organic solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimization of morphology in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) often relies on the use of solvent additives. However, their tendency to remain trapped in the device due to high boiling points leads to performance degradation over time. In this study, we introduce a novel approach involving the design and synthesis of one dual-asymmetric solid additive featuring mono-brominated-asymmetric dithienothiophene (SL-1). Leveraging the synergistic effects of asymmetric substitution and core structures, fine-tuning the molecule dipole moment enhancing solid additive interactions with host materials, thereby regulating polymer aggregation and influencing blend morphology during device fabrication. This results in highly ordered π-π stacking and a favorable phase-separated morphology within all-polymer active layer. Our work achieved a record efficiency of 19.19 % in eco-friendly all-PSCs, significantly outperforming SL-0 (18.37 %) and SL-2 (16.60 %), both featuring an asymmetric core. Furthermore, SL-1-treated all-PSCs retain over 90 % of their initial efficiency after 2140 hours of operation, with an extrapolated T 80 lifetime reaching 12400 hours. This represents a significant improvement in stability compared to devices treated with solvent additive (1-CN), which typically exhibits a T 90 lifetime of 700 hours. Our findings underscore the efficacy of utilizing dual-asymmetric solid additives as a straightforward and viable strategy for optimizing all-polymer morphology. SL-1 represents a promising advancement towards eco-friendly fabrication and application of high-efficiency and stable all-PSCs., (© 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an innovative approach in cancer treatment, effectively inducing tumor cell death through light-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Additionally, PDT can also trigger antitumor immune responses, thereby reducing the risk of postoperative tumor recurrence. However, the development of highly efficient photosensitizers aimed at activating immune responses for comprehensive tumor eradication remains at an early stage. In this study, we developed a new organic photosensitizer, ThC, which exhibits excellent mitochondrial-targeting effect and significantly enhanced ROS production compared to traditional photosensitizers, such as Chlorin e6 (Ce6). Our findings demonstrate that ThC robustly induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) process in hepatic cancer cells, which could effectively transform immunologically "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors. Through in situ injection and subsequent white light irradiation, ThC achieved superior efficacy in eliminating subcutaneous hepatic tumors. Immunological analyses revealed that ThC treatment led to elevated levels of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, along with a reduction in immunosuppressive cell populations (Tregs and tumor-associated macrophages) within the tumor microenvironment. This study provides a novel therapeutic agent with significant potential for clinical translation for the treatment of malignant tumors., (© 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Simultaneous improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability is very important for organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, oligothiophene-based polymer W19 with excellent solvent resistance is exploited as a polymer thin layer to optimize the active layer morphology and then device efficiency and stability. Polymer W19 possesses a simple skeleton of trifluromethyl-substituted dithienoquinoxaline and quaterthiophene, whose thin layer shows suitable energy level, low surface energy, and strong interchain aggregation, leading to outstanding solvent resistance and excellent hole transport ability. Optimized vertical separation alleviates trap state density and energy loss, improves hole transfer dynamics, and balances the charge transport, thus maximizing open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor simultaneously. A high PCE of 19.70% is achieved for the W19 treated devices. Noticeably, OSCs treated with W19 retained 87% of its initial PCE after continuous illumination for 800 h, which is higher than that of 74% of the control. Large area devices of 1 and 4 cm 2 can achieve high efficiencies of 17.36% and 14.46%, respectively. This work highlights that the polymer thin layer W19 with the ability of strong solvent resistance has the great potential to further improve the efficiency and photostability of OSCs., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)