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Abstract Despite obvious similarities in their electronic and crystallographic structures, it remains unclear whether the interactions that shape the normal and superconducting (SC) state properties of high-T c cuprates and infinite-layer nickelates (ILNs) have the same origin. This question has been brought into sharper focus with recent studies on ILNs of improved crystallinity that reveal a SC dome of comparable extent and similar transport properties above T c as the hole-doped cuprates. The evolution of these properties in the magnetic-field-induced normal state, however, has yet to be determined. Here, we examine the magnetotransport properties of new-generation Nd1−x Sr x NiO2 films in the T → 0 limit across the phase diagram in fields up to 54 T. This extensive study reveals that the limiting low-T form of the normal-state resistivity in ILNs exhibits non-Fermi-liquid behaviour over an extended doping range inside the SC dome, rather than at a singular quantum critical point. While there are clear differences in the charge dynamics of ILNs and cuprates, most notably in the magnetoresistance, our findings reveal that both systems exhibit anomalous metallicity characteristic of a quantum critical phase.

As a “cold tumor”, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits limited responsiveness to current immunotherapy. How to enhance the immunogenicity and reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment of TNBC remain a formidable challenge. Herein, an “in situ nanovaccine” Au/CuNDs-R848 was designed for imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) synergistic therapy to trigger dual immunoregulatory effects on TNBC. On the one hand, Au/CuNDs-R848 served as a promising photothermal agent and nanozyme, achieving PTT and photothermal-enhanced CDT against the primary tumor of TNBC. Meanwhile, the released antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promoted the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and facilitated the infiltration of T lymphocytes. Thus, Au/CuNDs-R848 played a role as an “in situ nanovaccine” to enhance the immunogenicity of TNBC by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). On the other hand, the nanovaccine suppressed the myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), thereby reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Through the dual immunoregulation, “cold tumor” was transformed into a “hot tumor”, not only implementing a “turning foes to friends” therapeutic strategy but also enhancing immunotherapy against metastatic TNBC. Furthermore, Au/CuNDs-R848 acted as an excellent nanoprobe, enabling high-resolution near-infrared fluorescence and computed tomography imaging for precise visualization of TNBC. This feature offers potential applications in clinical cancer detection and surgical guidance. Collectively, this work provides an effective strategy for enhancing immune response and offers novel insights into the potential clinical applications for tumor immunotherapy.

Because of their convenience, rapidness and non-invasive advantages, non-invasive skin physiological monitoring technique can be auxiliary examination of many common skin diseases and is of great significance in guiding the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Skin physiological monitor is a newly-developed non-invasive skin physiological monitoring technique, which can evaluate skin barrier by measuring transepidermal water loss rate (TEWL), skin surface pH, stratum corneum hydration (SCH), sebum content and so on. This manuscript reviews and discusses the applications and significance of non-invasive skin physiological monitors in dermatology. It will provide a basis for analyzing the correlation between skin barrier function and diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.

[Objective] Smart cities apply the next generation information technology to resource and environmental management to promote sustainable urban development. Existing studies focus on the local environmental governance effects of smart cities, but ignore their possible impacts on the environmental pollution of neighboring areas and differential spillover effects on neighboring smart cities and non-smart cities. [Methods] Based on the panel data of 217 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2020, the smart city pilot was taken as a quasi-natural experiment, and the local area-neighboring area pollution effect of smart city construction was evaluated by using the spatial Dubin differential model. [Results] The study found that: (1) Smart city policies had significant positive spillover effects on neighboring area pollution emissions under the four spatial matrices, and the results are still valid after the robustness test of data winsorization, falsification test, exclusion of other policy effects, and endogeneity test. (2) The analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamic effect of policies showed that the spillover effects of smart cities on pollution had a time lag, while the spatial distance followed the attenuation law of geographical distance. (3) The mechanism study showed that the construction of smart cities had a regional innovation effect, which reduced its pollution through knowledge spillover, but led to the transfer of traditional heavy industry and heavy polluting industries to neighboring non-smart cities and increased their pollution. [Conclusion] Although smart city policies optimize the local environment, they produce a “beggar-thy-neighbor” environmental pollution phenomenon, especially that mainly neighboring non-smart cities bear the pollution transfer. The government should emphasize the concept of collaborative governance in smart city policies and strengthen the awareness of regional joint prevention and control between local governments in neighboring areas, especially between smart cities and neighboring non-smart cities.

C22H20O5, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.8585(3) Å, b = 16.2727(10) Å, c = 18.4886(11) Å, V = 1762.59(18) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0276, wRref (F 2) = 0.0700, T = 100(2) K.

Bone cancer pain (BCP), due to cancer bone metastasis and bone destruction, is a common symptom of tumors, including breast, prostate, and lung tumors. Patients often experience severe pain without effective treatment. Here, using a mouse model of bone cancer, we report that MOTS-c, a novel mitochondrial-derived peptide, confers remarkable protection against cancer pain and bone destruction. Briefly, we find that the plasma level of endogenous MOTS-c is significantly lower in the BCP group than in the sham group. Accordingly, intraperitoneal administration of MOTS-c robustly attenuates bone cancer-induced pain. These effects are blocked by compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. Furthermore, MOTS-c treatment significantly enhances AMPKα 1/2 phosphorylation. Interestingly, mechanical studies indicate that at the spinal cord level, MOTS-c relieves pain by restoring mitochondrial biogenesis, suppressing microglial activation, and decreasing the production of inflammatory factors, which directly contribute to neuronal modulation. However, in the periphery, MOTS-c protects against local bone destruction by modulating osteoclast and immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment, providing long-term relief from cancer pain. Additionally, we find that chronic administration of MOTS-c has little effect on liver, renal, lipid or cardiac function in mice. In conclusion, MOTS-c improves BCP through peripheral and central synergistic effects on nociceptors, immune cells, and osteoclasts, providing a pharmacological and biological rationale for the development of mitochondrial peptide-based therapeutic agents for cancer-induced pain.

Objective To investigate the effect of auricular holographic copper-plate scrapping combined with auricular acupoint pressing therapy in the treatment of nonspecific low back pain of cold-dampness obstruction type. Methods Totally 90 patients with nonspecific low back pain of cold-dampness obstruction type were randomly divided into the control group and observation group, with 45 cases in each group. All patients received routine treatment and nursing, and those in the observation received auricular holographic copper-plate scrapping combined with auricular acupoint pressing therapy for three weeks. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of pain and Tradition Chinese Medicine syndrome score were compared between two groups. Results The total effective rate was 90. 48%(38/42) in the observation group, which was higher than 70. 45%(31/44) in the control group (P＜0. 01). The NRS score and Tradition Chinese Medicine syndrome score were decreased in both two groups after intervention, and NRS score and Tradition Chinese Medicine syndrome score in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0. 05). Conclusion The auricular holographic copper-plate scrapping combined with auricular acupoint pressing therapy is effective to relieve the clinical symptoms of nonspecific low back pain of cold-dampness obstruction type (目的 观察耳部全息铜砭刮痧联合耳穴贴压改善寒湿痹阻型非特异性腰痛的临床疗效。方法 选取2022年4月—2023年11月医院外科护理门诊收治的寒湿痹阻型非特异性腰痛患者90例, 按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组。对照组给予常规治疗和护理, 观察组在对照组基础上给予耳部全息铜砭刮痧联合耳穴贴压治疗。两组均治疗3周, 治疗结束后评估患者疼痛改善情况, 对比两组患者疼痛程度评分量表(NRS)及中医腰痛症候评分。结果 共脱落4例患者, 最终观察组纳入42例, 对照组纳入44例。观察组总有效率90. 48%(38/42), 高于对照组的70. 45%(31/44), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。治疗后两组NRS评分及腰痛中医症候评分相比治疗前降低, 且治疗后观察组NRS评分及腰痛中医证候评分均低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 耳部全息铜砭刮痧联合耳穴压豆能有效改善寒湿痹阻型非特异性腰痛患者的症状。)

As consciousness has always been an unsolved mystery for human beings, the diagnosis and prognosis of disorders of consciousness (DOC) after brain injury have also faced great challenges in clinical practice. Researchers and clinicians have been actively searching for clues from neuroimaging and electrophysiology to explore the biological and pathological mechanisms of human consciousness and to provide new evidence for the neural basis of consciousness injury and rehabilitation. Among them, neuroimaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), as well as electrophysiological techniques, including spontaneous electroencephalograms (EEG), event-related potentials (ERPs), and transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced electroencephalograms (TMS-EEG), have provided different dimensional features related to consciousness. They have all somewhat advance the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of DOC, and are closely linked to DOC-related clinical practice, facilitating more scientific clinical management of DOC patients.

Abstract Sensitive and stable perovskite X-ray detectors are attractive in low-dosage medical examinations. The high sensitivity, tunable chemical compositions, electronic dimensions, and low-cost raw materials make perovskites promising next-generation semiconductors. However, their ionic nature brings serious concerns about their chemical and water stability, limiting their applications in well-established technologies like crystal polishing, micro-processing, photolithography, etc. Herein we report a one-dimensional tryptamine lead iodide perovskite, which is stable in water for several months as the strong cation-π interactions between organic cations. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional tryptamine lead iodide perovskite tablets are switchable through thermal-annealing or water-soaking treatments to relax microstrains. The water-stable and microstrain-free one-dimensional perovskite tablets yield a large sensitivity of 2.5 × 106 μC Gyair −1 cm−2 with the lowest detectable dose rate of 5 nGyair s−1. Microelectrode arrays are realized by surface photolithography to construct high-performance X-ray flat mini-panels with good X-ray imaging capability, and a record spatial resolution of 17.2 lp mm−1 is demonstrated.

Abstract The accurate preoperative diagnosis and tracking of lung adenocarcinoma is hindered by non-targeting and diffusion of dyes used for marking tumors. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop a practical nanoprobe for tracing lung adenocarcinoma precisely even treating them noninvasively. Herein, Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) conjugate with thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) antibody, then multifunctional nanoprobe Au-TTF-1 is designed and synthesized, which underscores the paramount importance of advancing the machine learning diagnosis and bioimaging-guided treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. Bright fluorescence (FL) and strong CT signal of Au-TTF-1 set the stage for tracking. Furthermore, the high specificity of TTF-1 antibody facilitates selective targeting of lung adenocarcinoma cells as compared to common lung epithelial cells, so machine learning software Lung adenocarcinoma auxiliary detection system was designed, which combined with Au-TTF-1 to assist the intelligent recognition of lung adenocarcinoma jointly. Besides, Au-TTF-1 not only contributes to intuitive and targeted visualization, but also guides the following noninvasive photothermal treatment. The boundaries of tumor are light up by Au-TTF-1 for navigation, it penetrates into tumor and implements noninvasive photothermal treatment, resulting in ablating tumors in vivo locally. Above all, Au-TTF-1 serves as a key platform for target bio-imaging navigation, machine learning diagnosis and synergistic PTT as a single nanoprobe, which demonstrates attractive performance on lung adenocarcinoma. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Advanced photodetectors with intelligent functions are expected to take an important role in future technology. However, completing complex detection tasks within a limited number of pixels is still challenging. Here, we report a differential perovskite hemispherical photodetector serving as a smart locator for intelligent imaging and location tracking. The high external quantum efficiency (~1000%) and low noise (10−13 A Hz−0.5) of perovskite hemispherical photodetector enable stable and large variations in signal response. Analysing the differential light response of only 8 pixels with the computer algorithm can realize the capability of colorful imaging and a computational spectral resolution of 4.7 nm in a low-cost and lensless device geometry. Through machine learning to mimic the differential current signal under different applied biases, one more dimensional detection information can be recorded, for dynamically tracking the running trajectory of an object in a three-dimensional space or two-dimensional plane with a color classification function.

The foveal avascular zone(FAZ)is the most sensitive region of the retina, which is interconnected by the macular capillary plexus. Its morphology can indirectly reflect the alterations of macular microcirculation. With strong repeatability and reliability, optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)can non-invasively visualize and quantify the FAZ. The great value of OCTA makes it an important supplemental examination tool in ophthalmology and other professions. The area and perimeter of FAZ have been demonstrated to be an effective clinical diagnostic indicator in high myopia, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and other ocular diseases. In recent years, the geometry of FAZ has also proven to have clinical value. The parameters describing the geometry of FAZ, such as circularity index, acircularity index and axial ratio, provide a new perspective for ocular disease research. The comprehensive investigation of the morphological characteristics of the FAZ is helpful to explore the pathological mechanism of the occurrence and development of ocular diseases, predict preclinical changes, make pathological stages of the disease precise, and provide a theoretical basis for monitoring the disease's progression and assessing patients' visual prognosis.

In order to study the axial compression performance of steel pipe concrete short columns filled with steel slag micronized ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), this paper designs 27 steel pipe UHPC short columns for axial compression test and compares and analyzes the axial compression performance of the specimens in terms of the damage mode, the deformation curve, and the coefficient of strength enhancement, which is aimed at investigating the differences in the actual load-bearing performance of steel pipe UHPC short columns through changes in the aspect ratio, concrete type, and steel content rate, and so on. The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the axial compressive performance of the specimens in terms of damage mode and strength enhancement factor in order to investigate the difference in the actual bearing capacity performance of steel pipe UHPC short columns through the changes in length-to-diameter ratio, concrete type, and steel content. The test results show that the axial compressive performance of steel slag powder steel pipe UHPC short columns is greatly affected by the L/D ratio and steel content; the specimen bearing capacity increases with the increase in the wall thickness of the steel pipe and decreases slightly with the increase in the L/D ratio, and the steel fibers can effectively improve the deformation of the concrete so as to enhance the composite effect with the steel pipe; the contribution of the core UHPC to improve the value of bearing capacity accounts for a higher percentage when UHPC with 1% steel fiber dosage and 20% coarse aggregate dosage gave the best uplift with no change in the type of steel pipe. In this paper, the axial compression test bearing capacity results of steel slag micro powder steel pipe UHPC short column are compared with the calculated bearing capacity results of domestic and international specifications and analyzed from the perspectives of perimeter compression strength, steel fiber mixing of core concrete, and the relevant parameter design suggestions for high-strength steel pipe concrete specimens are put forward.

The flow and diffusion of high-temperature smoke in mine fires is an important cause of safety accidents. In response to the unclear relationship between fire hazard zones and time in typical mine roadways, a safety zone classification method for T-shaped roadway fire in deep coal mines is proposed. A three-dimensional numerical model is established using Pyrosim software to simulate the high-temperature smoke flow in the T-shaped roadway during the fire development stage under high temperature and humidity conditions. The variation law of temperature field and CO, CO2 concentration field with time and spatial location in the T-shaped roadway during the fire development stage are revealed. Based on the simulated data of the height of the human mouth and nose (i.e. the height of 1.6 meters in the roadway), the relationship between the horizontal length of the roadway and temperature, CO concentration and CO2 concentration is obtained. The airflow mixes high-temperature smoke through the roadway and spreads downwards along the top of the roadway. As the distance from the fire source increases, the temprature gradually decreases, and the longitudinal distribution of CO and CO2 concentration contour lines becomes denser. On this basis, safety zones are classified based on the temperature of the smoke and the harm degree of CO and CO2 concentration to human health. The smoke diffusion area is divided into four categories: safety zone (hazard level 1), mild hazard zone (hazard level 2), moderate hazard zone (hazard level 3), and severe hazard zone (hazard level 4). The analysis results show that in the temperature classification results, the measurement points in roadwayⅠare mainly concentrated in the severe hazard zone. In the toxic gas classification results, the safety zone range of CO2 in roadway Ⅰ is larger than that of CO. The risk factors for CO are greater, mainly concentrated in mild and moderate hazard zones. In roadway Ⅱ, it is mainly concentrated in mild hazard zones. The range of hazard level 1 in roadway Ⅰ gradually decreases over time, while the range of hazard level 4 gradually increases over time, with the maximum change rate occurring at 40 seconds. The rates of change for hazard levels 2 and 3 are very small. The regional range changes of the two classification methods in roadway Ⅱ are similar, with the maximum change rate of hazard levels 2 and 3 occurring at 60 seconds.

Abstract Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs)/polymer nanocomposites can combine the advantages of each other, but extremely few works can achieve the fabrication of PNCs/polymer nanocomposites by bulk polymerization. We originally adopt a two-type ligand strategy to fabricate bulk PNCs/polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites, including a new type of synthetic polymerizable ligand. The CsPbCl3 PNCs/PS nanocomposites show extremely high transparency even the doping content up to 5 wt%. The high transparency can be ascribed to the Rayleigh scattering as the PNCs distribute uniformly without obvious aggregation. Based on this behavior, we first exploit the potential of PNCs to serve as scatters inside light guided plate (LGP), whose surface illuminance and uniformity can be improved, and this new kind of LGP is compatible with the advanced liquid crystal display technology. Thanks to the facile composition adjustment of CsPbCl x Br3-x (1 ≤ x ≤ 3) PNCs, the Rayleigh scattering behavior can also be adjusted so as to the performance of LGP. The best-performing 5.0-inch LGP based on CsPbCl2.5Br0.5 PNCs/PS nanocomposites shows 20.5 times higher illuminance and 1.8 times higher uniformity in display than the control. The LGP based on PNCs/PS nanocomposite exhibits an enormous potential in commercialization no matter based on itself or combined with the LGP-related technology.

Cr-Ni resource-saving Sn-containing ferritic stainless steel (FSS) was taken as the research object. The microstructure evolution and properties change of the experimental steel under different hot rolling processes were explored by means of optical microscope(OM), electron backscattering diffraction(EBSD), X-ray diffraction(XRD), room temperature tensile test, electrochemical corrosion test, etc. The results show that when the finishing rolling temperature (FRT) is in the range of 940-730 ℃, properly reducing the FRT has a significant role in refining the grains of hot-rolled and annealed sheets and final cold-rolled and annealed sheets, as well as increasing the orientation density of recrystallization texture, and thus the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are significantly increased. When the FRT is 800 ℃, the tensile strength is 509 MPa, the yield strength is 331 MPa, and the elongation reaches a maximum of 42%, and meanwhile, the maximum cupping value and plastic strain ratio are obtained, leading to the best mechanical properties. In addition, the pitting potential and self-corrosion potential are increased, while the corrosion current density and corrosion rate are decreased by properly reducing the FRT. When the FRT is 800 ℃, the pitting potential reaches the maximum, the corrosion current density reaches the minimum and corrosion rate reaches the lowest, thus the optimum corrosion resistance is obtained in the steel. The properties of Sn-containing FSS are significantly improved compared with SUS430 FSS by optimizing the hot rolling process.

Abstract Background Tumor treatment still remains a clinical challenge, requiring the development of biocompatible and efficient anti-tumor nanodrugs. Carbon dots (CDs) has become promising nanomedicines for cancer therapy due to its low cytotoxicity and easy customization. Results Herein, we introduced a novel type of “green” nanodrug for multi-level cancer therapy utilizing Fe-doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs) derived from iron nutrient supplement. With no requirement for target moieties or external stimuli, the sole intravenous administration of Fe-CDs demonstrated unexpected anti-tumor activity, completely suppressing tumor growth in mice. Continuous administration of Fe-CDs for several weeks showed no toxic effects in vivo, highlighting its exceptional biocompatibility. The as-synthesized Fe-CDs could selectively induce tumor cells apoptosis by BAX/Caspase 9/Caspase 3/PARP signal pathways and activate antitumoral macrophages by inhibiting the IL-10/Arg-1 axis, contributing to its significant tumor immunotherapy effect. Additionally, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process was inhibited under the treatment of Fe-CDs by MAPK/Snail pathways, indicating the capacity of Fe-CDs to inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis. Conclusions A three-level tumor treatment strategy from direct killing to activating immunity to inhibiting metastasis was achieved based on “green” Fe-CDs. Our findings reveal the broad clinical potential of Fe-CDs as a novel candidate for anti-tumor nanodrugs and nanoplatform.

Abstract In the process of double-shield TBM excavation, it is difficult to directly observe and test the characteristics of the surrounding rock. In this paper, the screening test of the different type tailings in the wet state was carried out to obtain the gradation curve and curve evaluation index. Combining with the excavation parameters and the surrounding rock characteristics of the tailings, a comprehensive analysis was carried out to establish the evaluation system among with the tailings gradation characteristics, lithology characteristics and excavation parameters. The results showed that: Sparsely fissured rock: the tailings are extensional fractures, the tailings gradation curve is inverse “S” type and gentle, and the evaluation index value: (1.50 > lg(Cu) > 1.35), (1.90 > C c > 1.10). Broken surrounding rock: the curve is “L” type and steep, the content of coarse particles is much more than that of fine particles and (1.10 > lg(Cu) > 1.00), (2.60 > C c > 2.40). Fractured rock: the curve is “Step” type, the tailings particles lack the middle particle size, the minerals are mostly weathered, (2.15 > lg(Cu )> 1.95), (0.09 > C c > 0.07). The research results have good applicability to the surrounding rock stability evaluation of the example tunnel, which verifies the feasibility of the method.

The changes in dip angles of different working faces in the area affected by folding structures cause the variability of mining pressure features. In order to solve the above problem, with the seventh mining area of Baojishan Coal Mine as the engineering background, a combination of on-site research, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on-site industrial experiments is used. The dynamic and static loads during mining of different working faces in coal seams with varying dip angles are studied. The results indicate the following points. ① The accumulated acoustic emission(AE) energy of the coal rock composite system with a stiffness value greater than 0 is smaller than that of the coal rock composite system with a stiffness value less than 0. This indicates that when the stiffness value of the coal rock composite system is less than 0, AE energy is more likely to accumulate. When the stiffness value of the coal rock composite system is less than 0, the larger its absolute value, the higher the AE energy can be accumulated. ② As the dip angle of the coal seam increases, the concentrated static load inside the solid coal side of the goaf roadway decreases, and the concentrated static load inside the coal pillar side increases. The hanging top section required for the cracking of the high and thick hard key layer is longer. ③ When the dip angle of the coal seam is small, the combined system of coal and rock in the two sides of the goaf roadway is prone to inducing dynamic failure type II rock burst under the combined action of dynamic and static loads. When the dip angle of the coal seam is large, the coal rock combination system inside the coal pillar side of the goaf roadway is prone to inducing static or dynamic failure type I rock burst under high concentrated static load. ④ During the mining period of the 705 fully mechanized top coal caving face, the coal pillar side of the goaf roadway is prone to inducing static or dynamic failure type I rock burst. After implementing anti erosion measures, the electromagnetic radiation value decreases by up to 67.3%. The coal rock combination system is not easy to induce rock burst.

Abstract Assembly of nanoparticles into macroscopic materials with mechanical robustness, green processability, and recastable ability is an important and challenging task in materials science and nanotechnology. As an emerging nanoparticle with superior properties, macroscopic materials assembled from carbon dots will inherit their properties and further offer collective properties; however, macroscopic materials assembled from carbon dots solely remain unexplored. Here we report macroscopic films assembled from carbon dots modified by ureido pyrimidinone. These films show tunable fluorescence inherited from carbon dots. More importantly, these films exhibit collective properties including self-healing, re-castability, and superior mechanical properties, with Young’s modulus over 490 MPa and breaking strength over 30 MPa. The macroscopic films maintain original mechanical properties after several cycles of recasting. Through scratch healing and welding experiments, these films show good self-healing properties under mild conditions. Moreover, the molecular dynamics simulation reveals that the interplay of interparticle and intraparticle hydrogen bonding controls mechanical properties of macroscopic films. Notably, these films are processed into diverse shapes by an eco-friendly hydrosetting method. The methodology and results in this work shed light on the exploration of functional macroscopic materials assembled from nanoparticles and will accelerate innovative developments of nanomaterials in practical applications.

The physical and mechanical properties of red clay have a significant influence on the bearing characteristics of pile foundations. Therefore, this paper conducted model tests to study the influence of different red clay water content (16~−20%) and different compaction degrees (88~−92%) on the bearing characteristics of pile foundations. The results show that the load–displacement curves of the test pile generally exhibit a steep type. The ultimate bearing capacity of the test pile increases gradually with the compaction degree from 86% to 92%. However, the ratio of load borne by the side of the pile increases from 54.8% to 67.8%, while the ratio of load borne by the end decreases from 45.2% to 32.2%. The ratio of load borne by the pile end to that borne by the pile side also decreases gradually from 0.825 to 0.476. The ultimate bearing capacity of the test pile decreases gradually with the moisture content from 17% to 26%, showing a decreasing trend. However, the ratio of load borne by the pile side decreases from 69.5% to 51.9%, while the ratio of load borne by the end increases from 30.5% to 48.1%. The ratio of load borne by the pile end to that borne by the pile side also increases gradually from 0.439 to 0.927. This indicates that increasing the compaction degree or reducing the moisture content has a more significant effect on increasing the side resistance. In this paper, the ultimate bearing capacity of test piles are calculated by the Mohr–Coulomb criterion (M-CC) and Duncan–Chang hyperbolic model (D-CHM), respectively. The results show that M-CC and D-CHM methods can accurately calculate the bearing capacity of the pile foundation in red clay. The conclusion of this study can provide a reference for the design and construction of pile foundations in red clay areas.

The rigid pile composite foundation method is the most commonly used method for strengthening weak soil foundations. In this method, piles usually need to pass through weak soil layers, and the pile end falls on a bearing layer with good bearing capacity. Under existing technical conditions, the thicker the weak soil layer, the longer the pile body, and the more difficult it is to ensure the construction quality of the pile. In response to this issue, some scholars have adopted the rigid pile composite foundation method with a thick cushion layer for reinforcement treatment. This article uses PLAXIS 3D (V20.04.00.790) software to establish a finite element model of rigid pile composite foundation with a thick cushion layer and simulate the process of foundation reinforcement. The influence of parameters such as thickness, compression modulus, and shear strength index of the cushion layer on foundation settlement and pile–soil stress distribution is studied, and the reasonable range of these parameters is analyzed under the condition of considering reinforcement effect. Through comparative analysis, it can be concluded that for deep and weak soil areas, the thickness of the cushion layer can range from 0.5 to 2.6. The thickness and compressive modulus of the cushion layer have a significant impact on the settlement of the foundation, the pile–soil stress ratio, and the stress of the pile body, while the shear strength index of the cushion layer has a relatively small impact on these parameters. Reasonably selecting the geometric and mechanical parameters of the cushion layer can effectively reduce stress concentration at the pile top and better play the role of the soil between piles.

C20H18ClNO3, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 6.3252(4) Å, b = 7.3424(5) Å, c = 17.8513(12) Å, β = 90.902(2)°, V = 828.95(10) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt (F) = 0.0223, wRref (F 2) = 0.0593, T = 100(2) K.

Random wind speed causes frequent load fluctuations in the wind turbine gearbox transmission system, resulting in complex structural deformations and gear deflections, which aggravate the risk of gear contact failure. A novel method to improve the fatigue performance of wind turbine gearbox transmission systems considering the stochastic uncertainty of environmental parameters is proposed. The mapping relationship among wind turbulence intensity-gear modification parameter-gear long-term contact fatigue damage is reconstructed by the surrogate model method based on the dynamic model of the wind turbine transmission system considering global loads. And then, a multi-stage gear modification parameter optimization function considering the probability distribution of wind speed is established and the optimizing fatigue performance is compared. The results show that the long-term gear contact fatigue damage value of the low-speed stage sun gear is more than 0.7, which is one of the weak parts of the high-reliability design of the wind turbine gearbox transmission system. The long-term gear contact fatigue damage values of optimizing gears have been reduced significantly, in which the low-speed stage sun gear has been reduced by 11.37%, so the fatigue performance has been improved significantly.

The weathering at the top of bedrock in Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi is strong, and the formed weathered bedrock aquifer is the main water filling source of the mine, which poses a serious threat to the safe mining of the mine. The scientific evaluation of the water abundance of the weathered bedrock aquifer and the advanced drainage of the areas with strong water abundance are essential measures for preventing and controlling water disasters of the roof weathered bedrock. In this paper, taking Nanliang Coal Mine as an example, according to the drilling data, the weathering index, core recovery rate, brittle-plastic rock thickness ratio and rock structure index are selected to construct the evaluation system. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and coefficient of variation method are used to weigh comprehensively, and the water abundance of weathered bedrock aquifer in Nanliang Coal Mine is evaluated. The results show that the weathering degree of bedrock in Nanliang Coal Mine is strongly affected by ancient terrain, and the underlying Quaternary gully controls the thickness of the bedrock weathering zone. Combined with the evaluation results of mine water inrush status, the water inflow in the water-rich area is large.

Abstract Background Neuroblastoma is one of the common extracranial tumors in children (infants to 2 years), accounting for 8 ~ 10% of all malignant tumors. Few special drugs have been used for clinical treatment currently. Results In this work, herbal extract ginsenosides were used to synthesize fluorescent ginsenosides carbon nanodots via a one-step hydrothermal method. At a low cocultured concentration (50 µg·mL− 1) of ginsenosides carbon nanodots, the inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of SH-SY5Y cells reached ~ 45.00% and ~ 59.66%. The in vivo experiments showed tumor volume and weight of mice in ginsenosides carbon nanodots group were ~ 49.81% and ~ 34.14% to mice in model group. Since ginsenosides were used as sole reactant, ginsenosides carbon nanodots showed low toxicity and good animal response. Conclusion Low-cost ginsenosides carbon nanodots as a new type of nanomedicine with good curative effect and little toxicity show application prospects for clinical treatment of neuroblastoma. It is proposed a new design for nanomedicine based on bioactive carbon nanodots, which used natural bioactive molecules as sole source.

In this paper, a knowledge difficulty clustering algorithm (MIBKPC) based on multidimensional time-series data and learning path networks is proposed. The algorithm integrates the cyclic learning sequence, forgetting behavior and system interaction degree formed by learners learning some of the more difficult knowledge points, and constructs a computational model for the difficulty similarity of knowledge points based on system interaction behavior so as to better portray the difficulty similarity of knowledge points based on system interaction behavior. Then a knowledge point difficulty clustering algorithm (MFSKPC) based on multidimensional time-series data and maximum frequent subgraphs is proposed. The algorithm extracts the maximum frequent subgraphs of the atlas based on the learner’s directed learning path atlas using the gSpan-based maximum frequent subgraph mining algorithm and portrays the difficulty similarity of knowledge points based on system interaction behaviors by combining the system interaction degree and the maximum frequent subgraphs. In the accuracy comparison, the clustering accuracy of the MFSKPC algorithm for advanced learners was higher than that of the MIBKPC algorithm for both K=3 and K =5 conditions by 7.89% and 8.29%, respectively. In the comparative analysis of double-loop psychological instruction, the experimental class improved its pre and post-test scores by an average of 2.38 points, while the control group improved by an average of only 1.88 points. The experiment showed that the double-loop teaching based on the MFSKPC algorithm was more effective.

Abstract Based on the soil arching effect theory, the magnitude and distribution of sidewall earth pressure on open caissons when the embedded depth is large was analyzed by using theory of non-limit state earth pressure theory and horizontal differential element method. The theoretical formula was deduced. The theoretical calculation results are compared with the field test results and centrifugal model test results respectively. The results show that when the embedded depth of the open caisson is large, the distribution of earth pressure on the side wall of the open caisson first increases with the increase of embedded depth, reaches a peak value, and then sharply decreases. The peak point is located at 2/3 ~ 4/5 of the embedded depth. In engineering practice, when the embedded depth of the open caisson is 40 m, the relative error between the field test value and the theoretical calculation value is − 55.8% ~ 1.2%, with an average error of 13.8%. When the equivalent embedded depth of the open caisson in the centrifugal model test is 36 m, the relative error between the centrifugal model test value and the theoretical calculation value is − 20.1% ~ 68.0%, with an average error of 10.6%, The results are consistent well. The results of this article provides reference for the design and construction of open caisson.

Abstract Film uniformity of solution-processed layers is the cornerstone of large-area perovskite light-emitting diodes, which is often determined by the ‘coffee-ring effect’. Here we demonstrate a second factor that cannot be ignored is the solid-liquid interface interaction between substrate and precursor and can be optimized to eliminate rings. A perovskite film with rings can be formed when cations dominate the solid-liquid interface interaction; whereas smooth and homogeneous perovskite emitting layers are generated when anions and anion groups dominate the interaction. This is due to the fact that the type of ions anchored to the substrate can determine how the subsequent film grows. This interfacial interaction is adjusted using carbonized polymer dots, who also orient the perovskite crystals and passivate their buried traps, enabling a 225 mm2 large-area perovskite light-emitting diode with a high efficiency of 20.2%.

Abstract Autologous skin flap transplantation is a common method for repairing complex soft tissue defects caused by cancer, trauma, and congenital malformations. Limited blood supply range and post-transplantation ischemia-reperfusion injury can lead to distal necrosis of the flap and long-term functional loss, which severely restricts the decision-making regarding the optimal surgical plan. To address this issue, we develop a hydrogel patch that releases carbon monoxide and nitric oxide gases on demand, to afford a timely blood supply for skin flap transplantation during surgery. Using an ischemia-reperfusion dorsal skin flap model in rats, we show that the hydrogel patch maintains the immediate opening of blood flow channels in transplanted tissue and effective blood perfusion throughout the perioperative period, activating perfusion of the hemodynamic donor site. We demonstrate that the hydrogel patch promotes distal vascularization and long-term functional reconstruction of transplanted tissues by inhibiting inflammatory damage and accelerating blood vessel formation.

The convolutional neural networks (CNNs) functioning on geometric learning for the urban large-scale 3D meshes are indispensable because of their substantial, complex, and deformed shape constitutions. To address this issue, we proposed a novel Geometry-Aware Multi-Source Sparse-Attention CNN (GeoSparseNet) for the urban large-scale triangular mesh classification task. GeoSparseNet leverages the non-uniformity of 3D meshes to depict both broad flat areas and finely detailed features by adopting the multi-scale convolutional kernels. By operating on the mesh edges to prepare for subsequent convolutions, our method exploits the inherent geodesic connections by utilizing the Large Kernel Attention (LKA) based Pooling and Unpooling layers to maintain the shape topology for accurate classification predictions. Learning which edges in a mesh face to collapse, GeoSparseNet establishes a task-oriented process where the network highlights and enhances crucial features while eliminating unnecessary ones. Compared to previous methods, our innovative approach outperforms them significantly by directly processing extensive 3D mesh data, resulting in more discerning feature maps. We achieved an accuracy rate of 87.5% when testing on an urban large-scale model dataset of the Australian city of Adelaide.

In Chinese mortuary research, too much reliance on traditional qualitative typological analysis renders quantitative attributes of mortuary practice data ignored. Examining the Taosi cemetery one of the famous cemeteries of Neolithic China (2300–1900 BC), this study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of typology and digital methods. Extant qualitative research has classified the Taosi burials into six vertical categories, representing a pyramidal social hierarchy. However, this approach solely relied on the labor expenditure principle, whose outcome was highly subjective and difficult to verify. This study applies a multivariant analysis. Factor analysis is used to investigate the correlations within the mortuary data. The statistical factor scores quantify the differences between the combination of burial objects in different tombs and allow clarification by cluster analysis to investigate their different social meanings. The results reveal two-axial divisions in the Taosi cemetery: vertical stratification based on hierarchy and horizontal differentiation based on social categories/identities. Compared with the simplistic typological description, such a quantitative method reveals the characteristics of each category more clearly, clarifies the classification criteria, and extracts more detailed information about the society and its mortuary practices.

Carbonized polymer dots effectively improved the stability and flexibility of perovskite photodetector by achieving no loss response after bending 10000 times and resolving a weak light of 10.1 pW cm−2

Hemispherical photodetectors allow wide sight angle without the complex optical paths of fisheye lenses. Here, Wei et al, report a spray-coated quasi-two-dimensional perovskite hemispherical photodetector with wavelength selective response from the visible to the near-infrared.

In order to study the influence of falling rock shapes on their rolling characteristics and to determine the optimization of falling rock protection design, a series of research experiments were conducted. Model experiments were designed to explore the rolling characteristics of rockfalls with different shapes. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the slenderness ratio, center of gravity, and rotational inertia of the rockfalls can affect their rolling characteristics, leading to swaying and changing the rolling axis during the rolling process, thereby affecting their rolling speed. Building upon these findings, an analysis of the formation mechanism of rolling resistance was conducted. It was determined that the primary cause of energy loss was the rolling resistance arm formed with the rolling surface during rockfall motion. A shape parameter was proposed to quantify the rolling resistance. These parameters were incorporated into a kinematic formula that considered the influence of rockfall shape, slope, and slope roughness on the rolling speed. Combined with the offset and initial position of the rockfall, the formula could be used to calculate the rolling speed and impact energy in the rolling region at any position in the region. The calculation formula was validated using model experimental data, and the results showed that the error between the experimental and calculated values was small. The error was corrected based on the experimental data. After on-site testing and verification, it could provide reference for the management of rockfall disasters.

Colloidal liquid crystals account for various applications due to the combination of characteristics relevant for liquid crystals and colloids. The authors elaborate the impact of concave geometry on the properties of colloidal liquid crystals for development of functional materials.

Core-shell structured Au@carbon dots are fabricated to present a photoinduced-enhanced oxidative stress amplification, which can be efficiently used for tumor catalytic therapy by surface-enhanced Raman scattering technique.

Based on insufficient fault data of permanent magnet motor, it is difficult to identify and analyze the fault of permanent magnet motor. Aiming at the problem of insufficient fault data and difficult fault diagnosis of a permanent magnet motor, a fault identification method is designed to improve the stability and safety of a permanent magnet motor. Firstly, for the small sample problem of stator current fault of permanent magnet motor, DCGAN is used to generate virtual fault data and expand the training sample. Secondly, RCCNN model is used for feature extraction and classification of stator current data to realize fault diagnosis. Finally, the original data and expanded data are used to verify RCCNN, which proves that the expanded data can effectively improve the fault diagnosis ability of RCCNN. The experimental results show that by using DCGAN to expand the training samples, fault diagnosis accuracy of RCCNN permanent magnet motor is improved by 13.1%, which verifies the accuracy of the model.

Abstract Background Both massage and topically administered NSAIDs are safe and effective treatments for knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, different massage technique sects in China caused assessment difficulties for the treatment of KOA. In order to standardize the massage techniques and procedures, we organized multi-disciplinary experts in China to acquire an evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine massage treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The purposes of this study will be to provide clinicians a complementary and alternative therapy for patients and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine massage treatment of KOA compared to External Diclofenac Diethylamine Emulgel. Methods and design A randomized controlled trial in which 300 participants diagnosed with KOA will be recruited and randomly allocated to either the experimental group or the control group in a ratio of 2:1. Two hundred participants will receive evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine massage 2 sessions per week for 10 weeks as the experimental group, and 100 participants will receive External Diclofenac Diethylamine Emulgel 3–4 times per day for 10 weeks as the control group. The patients in the two groups will receive follow-up at two time points at 5 weeks and 10 weeks from the beginning of treatment, respectively. The MRI scans and X-ray will be performed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. The primary outcome will be the changes in the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Secondary outcomes will be measured by the PRO scale for knee osteoarthritis based on the concept of traditional Chinese medicine (Chinese scale for knee osteoarthritis (CSKO)), X-ray evaluation, and MRI scan evaluation. The data of WOMAC and CSKO will be analyzed at the baseline, 5 weeks, and 10 weeks from the beginning of treatment. The data from MRI scans and X-rays will be analyzed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. The significance level sets as 5%. The safety of interventions will be evaluated after each treatment session. Discussion This study will provide clinicians with much-needed knowledge for the treatment of KOA through a controlled trial. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800014400 . Registered on 10 January 2018

As emerging carbon‐based nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) are widely studied with regard to their luminescent properties. CDs obtained by the bottom‐up method exhibit polymeric characteristics after crosslinking, polymerization, and incomplete carbonization processes, herein referred to as carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). In recent years, large progress has been achieved on the room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) properties of CPDs. The developments and synthesis strategies for RTP CPD materials are reviewed. However, less attention has been devoted to the influence of polymeric structures on RTP of CPD materials. Polymer structures are a common feature of CPD materials. The extensive polymer structures are the key factors facilitating the RTP of CPD materials. Herein, the effects of the polymer structures on the RTP emission of self‐protective CPD and matrix‐assisted CPD materials are discussed. It is considered that the polymer structures can effectively immobilize subluminophores and protect triplet excited states to facilitate the RTP emission of CPD materials. The crosslink‐enhanced emission (CEE) effect is proposed to further explain the RTP emission of CPD materials, which can provide an effective strategy to immobilize CPDs. Benefiting from CEE effect, efficient RTP can be achieved for CPD materials. The applications of CPD materials are then briefly summarized.

Abstract Seeking clean energy as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels is the inevitable choice to realize the sustainable development of the society. Photocatalytic technique is considered a promising energy conversion approach to store the abundant solar energy into other wieldy energy carriers like chemical energy. Carbon dots, as a class of fascinating carbon nanomaterials, have already become the hotspots in numerous photoelectric researching fields and particularly drawn keen interests as metal‐free photocatalysts owing to strong UV–vis optical absorption, tunable energy‐level configuration, superior charge transfer ability, excellent physicochemical stability, facile fabrication, low toxicity, and high solubility. In this review, the classification, microstructures, general synthetic methods, optical and photoelectrical properties of carbon dots are systematically summarized. In addition, recent advances of carbon dots based photoinduced reactions including photodegradation, photocatalytic hydrogen generation, CO2 conversion, N2 fixation, and photochemical synthesis are highlighted in detail, deep insights into the roles of carbon dots in various systems combining with the photocatalytic mechanisms are provided. Finally, several critical issues remaining in photocatalysis field are also proposed.

Abstract Currently, there is a strong drive to discover alternative materials that exhibit room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) for displays, bioimaging, and data security. Ideally, these materials should be nontoxic, cheap, and possess controllable photoluminescent properties. Carbon dots (CDs) possess each of these characteristics, but to date, less attention has been paid to their RTP mechanism. Herein, we synthesized a series of CDs by self‐crosslinking and carbonization of precursor. The resultant CDs were luminescent and exhibited a bright, micro‐second afterglow lifetime. To increase the RTP, a second microwave processing step was used to coat the CDs with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylamide (PAM), or tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), producing CDs@PVA, CDs@PAM, and CDs@TEOS composites. The core–shell structure acted to enhance crosslinking at the surface of the CDs to boost the RTP, creating abundant energy levels for intersystem crossover. In situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy verified electron transfer during luminescence. Finally, we present a design rule that can be used to tune the quantum yields and RTP lifetime of CDs, based on the effective stabilization of triplet excited states through the extent and strength of cross‐linking. This simple strategy provides a flexible route for guiding the further development of CDs with tailored RTP properties for various applications.

Abstract Currently, the most efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water dissociation is Pt‐based catalyst. Unfortunately, the high cost and less than perfect efficiency hinder wide‐range industrial/technological applications. Here, by controlling the treatment temperature of tris (2,2‐bipyridine) ruthenium dichloride hexahydrate, synthesis of compounds with novel ruthenium single/dual atoms (Ru S/DAs) mixed with Ru nanoclusters (Ru S/DAs + Ru NCs) and supported by carbon dots is demonstrated. These compounds are shown to be highly efficient and competitive catalysts for hydrogen evolution. Ru S/DAs + Ru NCs exhibit very high activity, with overpotentials of 15 and 40 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 in 1.0 mol/L KOH and 0.5 mol/L H2SO4, respectively. Furthermore, the composites are found to possess outstanding stability and rapid HER kinetics. X ray absorption fine structure analysis, supported by density functional theory calculations, shows charge rearrangement in single‐atomic Ru, and the Ru dual sites promote active hydrogen adsorption and recombination. Ru S/DAs and Ru NCs demonstrate high electroactivity due to the electroactive Ru 4d orbitals. The introduction of Ru NCs activates the carbon support, providing a high electronic conductivity to transfer electrons from Ru NCs to Ru S/DAs, and facilitates water dissociation for the HER process.

Abstract Due to the complex core–shell structure and variety of surface functional groups, the photoluminescence (PL) mechanism of carbon dots (CDs) remain unclear. o-Phenylenediamine (oPD), as one of the most common precursors for preparing red emissive CDs, has been extensively studied. Interestingly, most of the red emission CDs based on oPD have similar PL emission characteristics. Herein, we prepared six different oPD-based CDs and found that they had almost the same PL emission and absorption spectra after purification. Structural and spectral characterization indicated that they had similar carbon core structures but different surface polymer shells. Furthermore, single-molecule PL spectroscopy confirmed that the multi-modal emission of those CDs originated from the transitions of different vibrational energy levels of the same PL center in the carbon core. In addition, the phenomenon of “spectral splitting” of single-particle CDs was observed at low temperature, which confirmed these oPD-based CDs were unique materials with properties of both organic molecules and quantum dots. Finally, theoretical calculations revealed their potential polymerization mode and carbon core structure. Moreover, we proposed the PL mechanism of red-emitting CDs based on oPD precursors; that is, the carbon core regulates the PL emission, and the polymer shell regulates the PL intensity. Our work resolves the controversy on the PL mechanism of oPD-based red CDs. These findings provide a general guide for the mechanism exploration and structural analysis of other types of CDs.

Li intercalation of MoS2 induces a transition from the insulating H-phase to the metallic T-phase, with a sharp boundary in between. Here the authors stabilize the intermediate phase in twisted bilayer MoS2, by leveraging the Moiré potential which facilitates fast Li diffusion and uniform intercalation.

To study the influence of grouting defects on the mechanical properties of grouting sleeves, 49 groups of specimens with different specifications were made considering the length and location of defects, monotonic axial tension tests were carried out to study the influence of grouting defects on its failure process, failure mode, load-displacement curve, bearing capacity and other mechanical properties, and the influence law of different distribution defects on the grouting sleeve was analyzed. This research shows that there are two forms of sleeve failure: steel bar fracture failure and steel bar pullout failure. The bearing capacity of specimens with a defect length of 2D and 3D varies with the defect type. The ultimate displacement of specimens with a defect length of 2D varies with the defect type. The ultimate displacement of specimens with a defect length of 3D increases with the increase in bearing capacity. By moving defects, it is found that if there is a vertical overlap of defects in the upper or middle part of the specimen, the bearing capacity of the specimen will be greatly affected.

To explore the influence of rock shape on rolling distance and effectively mitigate rockfall hazards, the following research was conducted. Factors influencing the rolling distance of rocks were determined through model experiments, and the mechanics of rolling resistance were analyzed. The coefficient RF, reflecting the ease of rock rolling, and the shape parameter ψ, quantifying the rolling distance, were proposed. By incorporating the shape parameter into kinematic equations, formulas for calculating the rolling distance of rocks with varying shapes on diverse ground characteristics were derived. These formulas underwent validation using data from model experiments, revealing minimal disparities between the experimental and calculated values. Irregularities on the rolling surface, commonly referred to as “steps” due to the differences in surface hardness among various materials, as well as deviations and shifts in the rolling axis during rock movement, were identified as the primary factors influencing rolling distance and contributing to calculation errors. Combining these deviations for rocks of distinct shapes with theoretical formulas enabled the determination of the range of influence of rock rolling at various velocities, offering valuable insights for assessing areas prone to rockfall hazards.

Confined-domain crosslink-enhanced emission effect was first studied to reveal the photoluminescence mechanism of carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). A general strategy was exploited to synthesize CPDs exhibiting tunable photoluminescence properties.

A 42-year-old man with four months of retrosternal pain and two months of skin rashes and proximal muscle weakness was diagnosed with dermatomyositis (DM) based on muscle enzyme analysis and needle electromyography. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed scattered inflammation nodules in both lungs’ upper lobes with negative sputum smear for lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). A good clinical response to oral prednisone was obtained, except for the retrosternal pain in the preceding two months. Urgent CT pulmonary angiography ruled out pulmonary thromboembolism but revealed squamous cell lung cancer with metastases in the sternum and mediastinal lymph nodes. In retrospect, we found osteolytic destruction consistent with sternal metastasis on CT taken at the initial treatment of DM, which was missed by radiologists. Simultaneously, the man was diagnosed with pulmonary TB based on rapid mycobacterial TB detection. This case report indicates the radiologic errors and highlights the importance of a thorough search for underlying lung cancer and pulmonary TB in patients with DM, especially in countries with a high TB burden.