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Your search keyword '"Balcombe, Paul"' showing total 21 results
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21 results on '"Balcombe, Paul"'

1. Methane emissions from the Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks

Author

Harris, Stephen J., Schwietzke, Stefan, France, James L., Velandia Salinas, Nataly, Meixus Fernandez, Tania, Randles, Cynthia, Guanter, Luis, Irakulis-Loitxate, Itziar, Calcan, Andreea, Aben, Ilse, Abrahamsson, Katarina, Balcombe, Paul, Berchet, Antoine, Biddle, Louise C., Bittig, Henry C., Böttcher, Christian, Bouvard, Timo, Broström, Göran, Bruch, Valentin, Cassiani, Massimo, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Ciais, Philippe, Damm, Ellen, Dammers, Enrico, Denier van der Gon, Hugo, Dogniaux, Matthieu, Dowd, Emily, Dupouy, François, Eckhardt, Sabine, Evangeliou, Nikolaos, Feng, Wuhu, Jia, Mengwei, Jiang, Fei, Kaiser-Weiss, Andrea K., Kamoun, Ines, Kerridge, Brian J., Lampert, Astrid, Lana, José, Li, Fei, Maasakkers, Joannes D., Maclean, Jean-Philippe W., Mamtimin, Buhalqem, Marshall, Julia, Mauger, Gédéon, Mekkas, Anouar, Mielke, Christian, Mohrmann, Martin, Moore, David P., Nanni, Riccardo, Pätzold, Falk, Pison, Isabelle, Pisso, Ignacio, Platt, Stephen M., Préa, Raphaël, Queste, Bastien Y., Ramonet, Michel, Rehder, Gregor, Remedios, John J., Reum, Friedemann, Roiger, Anke, Schmidbauer, Norbert, Siddans, Richard, Sunkisala, Anusha, Thompson, Rona L., Varon, Daniel J., Ventress, Lucy J., Wilson, Chris, and Zhang, Yuzhong

Published
2025
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10. Indicate separate contributions of long-lived and short-lived greenhouse gases in emission targets

Author

Allen, Myles R., Peters, Glen P., Shine, Keith P., Azar, Christian, Balcombe, Paul, Boucher, Olivier, Cain, Michelle, Ciais, Philippe, Collins, William, Forster, Piers M., Frame, Dave J., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Fyson, Claire, Gasser, Thomas, Hare, Bill, Jenkins, Stuart, Hamburg, Steven P., Johansson, Daniel J. A., Lynch, John, Macey, Adrian, Morfeldt, Johannes, Nauels, Alexander, Ocko, Ilissa, Oppenheimer, Michael, Pacala, Stephen W., Pierrehumbert, Raymond, Rogelj, Joeri, Schaeffer, Michiel, Schleussner, Carl F., Shindell, Drew, Skeie, Ragnhild B., Smith, Stephen M., and Tanaka, Katsumasa

Published
2022
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11. Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments

Author

Chatenet, Marian, Pollet, Bruno G., Dekel, Dario R., Dionigi, Fabio, Deseure, Jonathan, Millet, Pierre, Braatz, Richard D., Bazant, Martin Z., Eikerling, Michael, Staffell, Iain, Balcombe, Paul, Shao-Horn, Yang, Schäfer, Helmut, Chatenet, Marian, Pollet, Bruno G., Dekel, Dario R., Dionigi, Fabio, Deseure, Jonathan, Millet, Pierre, Braatz, Richard D., Bazant, Martin Z., Eikerling, Michael, Staffell, Iain, Balcombe, Paul, Shao-Horn, Yang, and Schäfer, Helmut

Abstract

Replacing fossil fuels with energy sources and carriers that are sustainable, environmentally benign, and affordable is amongst the most pressing challenges for future socio-economic development. To that goal, hydrogen is presumed to be the most promising energy carrier. Electrocatalytic water splitting, if driven by green electricity, would provide hydrogen with minimal CO2 footprint. The viability of water electrolysis still hinges on the availability of durable earth-abundant electrocatalyst materials and the overall process efficiency. This review spans from the fundamentals of electrocatalytically initiated water splitting to the very latest scientific findings from university and institutional research, also covering specifications and special features of the current industrial processes and those processes currently being tested in large-scale applications. Recently developed strategies are described for the optimisation and discovery of active and durable materials for electrodes that ever-increasingly harness first-principles calculations and machine learning. In addition, a technoeconomic analysis of water electrolysis is included that allows an assessment of the extent to which a large-scale implementation of water splitting can help to combat climate change. This review article is intended to cross-pollinate and strengthen efforts from fundamental understanding to technical implementation and to improve the ‘junctions’ between the field's physical chemists, materials scientists and engineers, as well as stimulate much-needed exchange among these groups on challenges encountered in the different domains.

Published
2024

12. Only about 13% of global methane emissions are covered by existing policies with unclear effectiveness

Author

Olczak, Maria, Piebalgs, Andris, and Balcombe, Paul

Subjects
Measurement, reporting and verification, methane emissions, climate policies, waste, methane regulation, energy, agriculture
Abstract

Achieving the Paris Agreement 1.5°C target requires a reversal of the growing atmospheric concentrations of methane, which is about 80 times more potent than CO2 on a 20-year timescale. The IPCC 6th Assessment Report stated that methane is underregulated but little is known about the effectiveness of existing methane policies. In this Review, we systematically examine existing methane policies across the energy, waste and agriculture sectors. We find that currently only about 13% of methane emissions is covered by methane mitigation policies. Moreover, the effectiveness of these policies is far from clear mainly because methane emissions are largely calculated using potentially unrepresentative estimates instead of direct measurements. Coverage and stringency are two major blind spots in global methane policies. These findings suggest that significant and underexplored mitigation opportunities exist but unlocking them requires policymakers to identify a consistent approach for accurate quantification of methane emissions sources alongside greater policy stringency.

Published
2023
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16. Indicate separate contributions of long-lived and short-lived greenhouse gases in emission targets

Author

Environmental Sciences, Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Allen, Myles R., Peters, Glen P., Shine, Keith P., Azar, Christian, Balcombe, Paul, Boucher, Olivier, Cain, Michelle, Ciais, Philippe, Collins, William, Forster, Piers M., Frame, Dave J., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Fyson, Claire, Gasser, Thomas, Hare, Bill, Jenkins, Stuart, Hamburg, Steven P., Johansson, Daniel J.A., Lynch, John, Macey, Adrian, Morfeldt, Johannes, Nauels, Alexander, Ocko, Ilissa, Oppenheimer, Michael, Pacala, Stephen W., Pierrehumbert, Raymond, Rogelj, Joeri, Schaeffer, Michiel, Schleussner, Carl F., Shindell, Drew, Skeie, Ragnhild B., Smith, Stephen M., Tanaka, Katsumasa, Environmental Sciences, Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Allen, Myles R., Peters, Glen P., Shine, Keith P., Azar, Christian, Balcombe, Paul, Boucher, Olivier, Cain, Michelle, Ciais, Philippe, Collins, William, Forster, Piers M., Frame, Dave J., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Fyson, Claire, Gasser, Thomas, Hare, Bill, Jenkins, Stuart, Hamburg, Steven P., Johansson, Daniel J.A., Lynch, John, Macey, Adrian, Morfeldt, Johannes, Nauels, Alexander, Ocko, Ilissa, Oppenheimer, Michael, Pacala, Stephen W., Pierrehumbert, Raymond, Rogelj, Joeri, Schaeffer, Michiel, Schleussner, Carl F., Shindell, Drew, Skeie, Ragnhild B., Smith, Stephen M., and Tanaka, Katsumasa

Published
2022

18. Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments

Author

Chatenet, Marian, primary, Pollet, Bruno G., additional, Dekel, Dario R., additional, Dionigi, Fabio, additional, Deseure, Jonathan, additional, Millet, Pierre, additional, Braatz, Richard D., additional, Bazant, Martin Z., additional, Eikerling, Michael, additional, Staffell, Iain, additional, Balcombe, Paul, additional, Shao-Horn, Yang, additional, and Schäfer, Helmut, additional

Published
2022
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20. Total Methane and CO2Emissions from Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Ships: The First Primary Measurements

Author

Balcombe, Paul, Heggo, Dalia A., and Harrison, Matthew

Abstract

Mitigating methane emissions is vital in meeting global climate targets, but there is a lack of understanding of emissions and abatement opportunities to enable this. The natural gas supply chain is a key emission source, where methane emissions from liquefied natural gas (LNG) shipping have until now not been directly measured. This study provides the first measurement and modeling of total methane and CO2emissions from an LNG carrier on a round trip voyage from the USA to Belgium and back, including loading, laden voyage, unloading, and ballast voyage, measuring emissions from exhaust stacks, vents, and fugitives. Venting and fugitive emissions were extremely low, contributing less than 0.1% of total greenhouse gas emissions. CO2emissions from fuel usage were also lower than previous estimates due to improved efficiencies in modern engines and ship design. However, methane slip through the engines were higher than those in prior studies, averaging 3.8% across all engines: equating to 0.1% of delivered LNG. Generator engines are not typically included in emissions analyses but were the key cause of methane emissions. Engines exhibited higher methane slip rates at low loads, and optimized operation could reduce slip rates by half. More measurement studies are now needed to better understand fleet emissions and enable cost-effective mitigation strategies.

Published
2022
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21. Total Methane and CO 2 Emissions from Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Ships: The First Primary Measurements.

Author

Balcombe P, Heggo DA, and Harrison M

Subjects
Carbon Dioxide, Methane analysis, Ships, Air Pollutants analysis, Natural Gas analysis
Abstract

Mitigating methane emissions is vital in meeting global climate targets, but there is a lack of understanding of emissions and abatement opportunities to enable this. The natural gas supply chain is a key emission source, where methane emissions from liquefied natural gas (LNG) shipping have until now not been directly measured. This study provides the first measurement and modeling of total methane and CO 2 emissions from an LNG carrier on a round trip voyage from the USA to Belgium and back, including loading, laden voyage, unloading, and ballast voyage, measuring emissions from exhaust stacks, vents, and fugitives. Venting and fugitive emissions were extremely low, contributing less than 0.1% of total greenhouse gas emissions. CO 2 emissions from fuel usage were also lower than previous estimates due to improved efficiencies in modern engines and ship design. However, methane slip through the engines were higher than those in prior studies, averaging 3.8% across all engines: equating to 0.1% of delivered LNG. Generator engines are not typically included in emissions analyses but were the key cause of methane emissions. Engines exhibited higher methane slip rates at low loads, and optimized operation could reduce slip rates by half. More measurement studies are now needed to better understand fleet emissions and enable cost-effective mitigation strategies.

Published
2022
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