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In this paper, we study isometries of $p$-Wasserstein spaces. In our first result, for every complete and separable metric space $X$ and for every $p\geq1$, we construct a metric space $Y$ such that $X$ embeds isometrically into $Y$, and the $p$-Wasserstein space over $Y$ admits mass-splitting isometries. Our second result is about embeddings into rigid constructions. We show that any complete and separable metric space $X$ can be embedded isometrically into a metric space $Y$ such that the $1$-Wasserstein space is isometrically rigid., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures

The paper is devoted to prove Allard-Michael-Simon-type $L^p$-Sobolev $(p>1)$ inequalities with explicit constants on Euclidean submanifolds of any codimension. Such inequalities contain, beside the Dirichlet $p$-energy, a term involving the mean curvature of the submanifold. Our results require separate discussions for the cases $p\geq 2$ and $1

We study $p$-Wasserstein spaces over the branching spaces $\mathbb{R}^2$ and $[0,1]^2$ equipped with the maximum norm metric. We show that these spaces are isometrically rigid for all $p\geq1,$ meaning that all isometries of these spaces are induced by isometries of the underlying space via the push-forward operation. This is in contrast to the case of the Euclidean metric since with that distance the $2$-Wasserstein space over $\mathbb{R}^2$ is not rigid. Also, we highlight that $1$-Wasserstein space is not rigid over the interval $[0,1]$, while according to our result, its two-dimensional analog with the more complicated geodesic structure is rigid. To the best of our knowledge, our results are the first ones concerning the structure of isometries of Wasserstein spaces over branching spaces. Accordingly, our proof techniques substantially deviate from those used for non-branching underlying spaces., Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures

The paper is devoted to provide Michael-Simon-type $L^p$-logarithmic-Sobolev inequalities on complete, not necessarily compact $n$-dimensional submanifolds $\Sigma$ of the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^{n+m}$. Our first result, stated for $p=2$, is sharp, it is valid on general submanifolds, and it involves the mean curvature of $\Sigma$. It implies in particular the main result of S. Brendle [Comm. Pure Appl. Math.}, 2022]. In addition, it turns out that equality can only occur if and only if $\Sigma$ is isometric to the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^{n}$ and the extremizer is a Gaussian. The second result is a general $L^p$-logarithmic-Sobolev inequality for $p\geq 2$ on Euclidean submanifolds with constants that are codimension-free in case of minimal submanifolds. In order to prove the above results - especially, to deal with the equality cases - we elaborate the theory of optimal mass transport on submanifolds between measures that are not necessarily compactly supported. Applications are provided to sharp hypercontractivity estimates of Hopf-Lax semigroups on submanifolds. The first hypercontractivity estimate is for general submanifolds with bounded mean curvature vector, the second one is for self-similar shrinkers endowed with the natural Gaussian measure. The equality cases are characterized here as well., Comment: 41 pages

We consider the affine-additive group as a metric measure space with a canonical left-invariant measure and a left-invariant sub-Riemannian metric. We prove that this metric measure space is locally 4-Ahlfors regular and it is hyperbolic, meaning that it has a non-vanishing 4-capacity at infinity. This implies that the affine-additive group is not quasiconformally equivalent to the Heisenberg group or to the roto-translation group in contrast to the fact that both of these groups are globally contactomorphic to the affine-additive group. Moreover, each quasiregular map, from the Heisenberg group to the affine-additive group must be constant., Comment: 17 pages

This paper aims to study isometries of the $1$-Wasserstein space $\mathcal{W}_1(\mathbf{G})$ over Carnot groups endowed with horizontally strictly convex norms. Well-known examples of horizontally strictly convex norms on Carnot groups are the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^n$ endowed with the Heisenberg-Kor\'anyi norm, or with the Naor-Lee norm; and $H$-type Iwasawa groups endowed with a Kor\'anyi-type norm. We prove that on a general Carnot group there always exists a horizontally strictly convex norm. The main result of the paper says that if $(\mathbf{G},N_{\mathbf{G}})$ is a Carnot group where $N_{\mathbf{G}}$ is a horizontally strictly convex norm on $\mathbf{G}$, then the Wasserstein space $\mathcal{W}_1(\mathbf{G})$ is isometrically rigid. That is, for every isometry $\Phi:\mathcal{W}_1(\mathbf{G})\to\mathcal{W}_1(\mathbf{G})$ there exists an isometry $\psi:\mathbf{G}\to \mathbf{G}$ such that $\Phi=\psi_{\#}$., Comment: 20 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2303.15095

Our purpose in this paper is to study isometries and isometric embeddings of the $p$-Wasserstein space $\mathcal{W}_p(\mathbb{H}^n)$ over the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^n$ for all $p>1$ and for all $n\geq 1$. First, we create a link between optimal transport maps in the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$ and the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^n$. Then we use this link to understand isometric embeddings of $\mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{R}_+$ into $\mathcal{W}_p(\mathbb{H}^n)$ for $p>1$. That is, we characterize complete geodesics and geodesic rays in the Wasserstein space. Using these results we determine the metric rank of $\mathcal{W}_p(\mathbb{H}^n)$. Namely, we show that $\mathbb{R}^k$ can be embedded isometrically into $\mathcal{W}_p(\mathbb{H}^n)$ for $p>1$ if and only if $k\leq n$. As a consequence, we conclude that $\mathcal{W}_p(\mathbb{R}^k)$ and $\mathcal{W}_p(\mathbb{H}^k)$ can be embedded isometrically into $\mathcal{W}_p(\mathbb{H}^n)$ if and only if $k\leq n$. In the second part of the paper, we study the isometry group of $\mathcal{W}_p(\mathbb{H}^n)$ for $p>1$. We find that these spaces are all isometrically rigid meaning that for every isometry $\Phi:\mathcal{W}_p(\mathbb{H}^n)\to\mathcal{W}_p(\mathbb{H}^n)$ there exists a $\psi:\mathbb{H}^n\to\mathbb{H}^n$ such that $\Phi=\psi_{\#}$., Comment: 29 pages. v2: a part of this preprint discussing the isometric rigidity of the 1-Wasserstein space has been moved to the preprint "Isometric rigidity of the Wasserstein space $\mathcal{W}_1(\mathbb{G})$ over Carnot groups" by the same authors + minor improvements. v3: proof of Proposition 3.3 revised and streamlined

Given $p,N>1,$ we prove the sharp $L^p$-log-Sobolev inequality on noncompact metric measure spaces satisfying the ${\sf CD}(0,N)$ condition, where the optimal constant involves the asymptotic volume ratio of the space. This proof is based on a sharp isoperimetric inequality in ${\sf CD}(0,N)$ spaces, symmetrisation, and a careful scaling argument. As an application we establish a sharp hypercontractivity estimate for the Hopf-Lax semigroup in ${\sf CD}(0,N)$ spaces. The proof of this result uses Hamilton-Jacobi inequality and Sobolev regularity properties of the Hopf-Lax semigroup, which turn out to be essential in the present setting of nonsmooth and noncompact spaces. Furthermore, a sharp Gaussian-type $L^2$-log-Sobolev inequality is also obtained in ${\sf RCD}(0,N)$ spaces. Our results are new, even in the smooth setting of Riemannian/Finsler manifolds. In particular, an extension of the celebrated rigidity result of Ni (J. Geom. Anal., 2004) on Riemannian manifolds will be a simple consequence of our sharp log-Sobolev inequality., Comment: Published in J. Funct. Anal

We prove Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities with three weights -- verifying a joint concavity condition -- on open convex cones of $\mathbb R^n$. If the weights are equal to each other the inequalities become sharp and we compute explicitly the sharp constants. For a certain range of parameters we can characterize the class of extremal functions; in this case, we also show that the sharpness in the main three-weighted Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality implies that the weights must be equal up to some constant multiplicative factors. Our approach uses optimal mass transport theory and a careful analysis of the joint concavity condition of the weights. As applications we establish sharp weighted $p$-log-Sobolev, Faber-Krahn and isoperimetric inequalities with explicit sharp constants., Comment: 30 pages (minor changes w.r.t. the previous version); accepted for publication in SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis