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Fragility functions and recovery models are often used to assess lifeline systems subjected to extreme hazards. However, even though many databases for fragility and recovery models exist for essential buildings and transportation systems, fragility and recovery models for other lifelines are fragmented across the literature. This article provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art seismic fragility functions and recovery models for energy (power, liquid fuel, and gas), water, and wastewater systems that can be applied in hazard risk and resiliency assessments of communities. The review focuses on fragility and recovery model parameters and summarizes the methods and validation used in developing the models. In addition, the reviewed fragility functions are compiled in an open-source database with a graphical user interface. Critical gaps in the literature are discussed to guide future research endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining the functionality of wastewater networks is critical to individual well-being, business continuity, public health, and safety. However, seismic damage and loss assessments of wastewater networks traditionally use fragility functions based on median repair rates without considering relevant sources of uncertainty and correlations of damage when estimating potential damage states and pipe repairs. This study presents a probabilistic methodology to incorporate modeling uncertainty (e.g. model parameter and model class uncertainty) and spatial correlations (e.g. spatial auto- and cross-correlation) of pipe repairs. The methodology was applied to a case study backbone system of a wastewater network in Portland, OR, using the expected hazard intensity maps for multiple deterministic earthquake scenarios, including a moment magnitude M6.8 Portland Hills Fault and M8.1, M8.4, M8.7, and M9.0 Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) events. As spatial-correlation models of pipeline damage were non-existent in the literature and local information on costs to repair the pipes was limited at the time of this study, correlation methods and repair costs were proposed to estimate lower and upper bounds of pipe damage and loss. The results show how the consideration of different levels of uncertainty and spatial correlation for pipe repair rate could lead to different probabilistic estimates of damage and loss at the system level of the wastewater network, even though the point estimates, such as the mean and median, remain essentially unaltered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This correction notice addresses an error in the article "Application of Multidisciplinary Community Resilience Modeling to Reduce Disaster Risk: Building Back Better" by Wanting "Lisa" Wang and others. The correction reinstates a reference to a study by Rosenheim et al. (2021) that was inadvertently removed. The correction also provides missing information for another reference by Rosenheim (2021). The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) regrets the error and has made the necessary corrections in this erratum. [Extracted from the article]

Tsunamis are low-probability high-consequence events, usually caused by an earthquake in the ocean and can result in high casualty rates and billions of dollars in damage. Tsunamis can be divided into two main categories: near-field and far-field tsunamis, based on the location of their origin with respect to the site of interest. To perform risk assessment of communities subjected to tsunamis, the current approach would be to use empirical data from historical events, making the data site specific. Recently, researchers have developed approaches to estimate the risk of structures subjected to far-field earthquake generated tsunamis using a simulated tsunami force on a structure numerically. However, for near-field tsunamis, ground motions caused by the earthquake will reach the structure earlier than the tsunami, damaging the structure, which can substantially impair its structural performance in the following tsunami. The multi-hazard case of tsunami following earthquake is discussed herein and a physics-based approach to estimate the risk of structures subjected to them is presented. An illustrative example is presented to elaborate the methodology for a steel building. Successive nonlinear analyses are used to develop fragility functions based on joint earthquake-tsunami intensity measures (spectral acceleration-flow depth-flow velocity). These functions are used in combination with hazard analysis of a specific location to obtain loss estimates. Three different approaches were used for this process and the results showed that the use of the joint three intensity-measure fragilities is essential for the accuracy when estimating damage or structural loss and neglecting their interaction results in substantial errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]