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Objective: We systematically reviewed the literature to assess the association between use of alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and young adult heavy drinking and alcohol-related consequences., Method: We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines to select and review research studies that were comprised of a sample of young adults ages 18-26, included PBS derived from one of 10 validated scales as an independent variable, measured heavy alcohol use or alcohol consequences as the dependent variable, and tested the direct association between the two. Studies were gathered via PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, APA PsycInfo, and Global Health. All identified study records underwent a two-step screening process and risk of bias assessment., Results: Data were extracted from 94 studies that met inclusion criteria; 16 studies (17%) examined associations with heavy alcohol use and 91 studies (97%) tested effects of PBS on alcohol consequences. All studies that measured a total effect of PBS use (summations across all strategies) found significant negative associations with heavy alcohol use and 91% were negatively associated with alcohol consequences. Most studies that examined subscales of PBS found at least one significant, negative relation with heavy alcohol use (73%) and alcohol-related consequences (78%), though effects varied across type of subscale (e.g., manner of drinking)., Conclusions: Our results support the use of PBS to address heavy alcohol consumption and related harms among young adults. Opportunities for refinement of current PBS in preventive interventions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Highly reactive thermosets are currently expanding the processability of high-performance structures for transportation industry. The short polymerization time makes it a suitable process to replace metallic structures with polymer matrix-based composite materials. The resin characterization is a fundamental step to obtain the properties and the associated constitutive models, which are required to design and optimize the manufacturing process parameters of composite materials. However, the short time on polymerization requires to use the characterization equipment at their performance capability limits. This work presents a comprehensive methodology to characterize the thermo-chemical properties of highly reactive resin systems, which are relevant for resin impregnation into the preform for liquid injection processes. Four different commercial resin systems are analyzed in this study. Experimental methodologies are analyzed and adapted for best data acquisition at high temperature isothermals. Based on the experimental data, Cure kinetics and viscosity equation-based models are used to describe the behaviour of these complex resin systems. Processing maps are developed based on the cure kinetics and viscosity models to predict the processability time for specific process conditions than can be used on liquid injection moulding processes., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

With the advancements in therapeutics and available treatment options, almost all deaths and permanent disabilities from snakebite envenoming (SBE) are preventable. The challenge lies in implementing these evidence-based treatments and practices across different settings and populations. This study aims to compare data on provider perceptions of SBE care across health systems and cultural contexts to inform potential implementation science approaches. We hypothesize different health systems and cultural contexts will influence specific perceived needs to provide adequate snakebite care within central tenets of care delivery (e.g., cost, access, human resources). We previously conducted exploratory descriptive studies in the US and Brazil in order to understand the experience, knowledge, and perceptions of health professionals treating SBE. In the US, in-depth interviews were performed with emergency physicians from January 2020 to March 2020. In BR, focus group discussions were conducted with health professionals from community health centers at the end of June 2021. The focus group discussions (BR) were originally analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis approach. We conducted a secondary qualitative analysis in which this codebook was then applied to the interviews (US) in a deductive content analysis. The analysis concluded in August 2022. Brazil participants were physicians (n=5) or nurses (n=20) from three municipalities in the State of Amazonas with an average of three years of professional experience. US participants were emergency physicians (n=16) with an average of 15 years of professional experience. Four main themes emerged: 1) barriers to adequate care on the patient and/or community side and 2) on the health system side, 3) perceived considerations for how to address SBE, and 4) identified needs for improving care. There were 25 subthemes within the four themes. These subthemes were largely the same across the Brazil and US data, but the rationale and content within each shared subtheme varied significantly. For example, the subtheme "role of health professionals in improving care" extended across Brazil and the US. Brazil emphasized the need for task-shifting and -sharing amongst health care disciplines, whereas the US suggested specialized approaches geared toward increasing access to toxicologists and other referral resources. Despite similar core barriers to adequate snakebite envenoming care and factors to consider when trying to improve care delivery, health professionals in different health systems and sociocultural contexts identified different needs. Accounting for, and understanding, these differences is crucial to the success of initiatives intended to strengthen snakebite envenoming care. Implementation science efforts, with explicit health professional input, should be applied to develop new and/or adapt existing evidence-based treatments and practices for SBE., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Charles J Gerardo reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Wuelton Monteiro, Jacqueline Sachett, and Flavia Regina Ramos report financial support was provided by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. Wuelton Monteiro reports financial support was provided by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Felipe Murta reports financial support was provided by Fiocruz. Wuelton Monteiro and Joao RN Vissoci have served in an editorial capacity for Toxicon:X., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)