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2. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D., Toigo, V., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Bello, S. Dal, Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Pavei, M., Serianni, G., Zanotto, L., Agnello, R., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Berton, G., Bigi, M., Brombin, M., Candela, V., Candeloro, V., Canton, A., Casagrande, R., Cavallini, C., Cavazzana, R., Cordaro, L., Cruz, N., Palma, M. Dalla, Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., De Nardi, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gasparrini, C., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., La Rosa, A., Lopez-Bruna, D., Lorenzini, R., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marconato, N., Mario, I., Martini, G., Milazzo, R., Patton, T., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Pomaro, N., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Recchia, M., Rigoni-Garola, A., Rizzetto, D., Rizzolo, A., Santoro, F., Sartori, E., Segalini, B., Shepherd, A., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Tomsič, P., Trevisan, L., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Valisa, M., Veronese, F., Vignando, M., Zaccaria, P., Zagorski, R., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Zuin, M., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Decamps, H., Geli, F., Sharma, A., Veltri, P., Zacks, J., Simon, M., Paolucci, F., Garbuglia, A., Gutierrez, D., Masiello, A., Mico, G., Labate, C., Readman, P., Bragulat, E., Bailly-Maitre, L., Gomez, G., Kouzmenko, G., Albajar, F., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Kojima, A., Murayama, M., Hatakeyama, S., Oshita, E., Maejima, T., Shibata, N., Yamashita, Y., Watanabe, K., Singh, N. P., Singh, M. J., Dhola, H., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Wimmer, C., Wünderlich, D., Tsumori, K., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., Giacomelli, L., Rigamonti, D., Taccogna, F., Bruno, D., Rutigliano, M., Longo, S., Deambrosis, S., Miorin, E., Montagner, F., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. A Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated to developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign. Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER NBI featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of in-vessel components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants are already under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. The integrated test to confirm 1MV output by combining invertor systems, DC generators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed. Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion.

Published
2023
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3. Conceptual design of the Gas Injection and Vacuum System for DTT NBI

Author

Agostinetti, P., Bello, S. Dal, Dinh, F., Ferrara, A., Fincato, M., Grando, L., Mura, M., Murari, A., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Siviero, F., and Veronese, F.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) is a new experimental facility whose construction is starting in Frascati, Rome, Italy; its main goals are improving the understanding of plasma-wall interactions and supporting the development of ITER and DEMO. DTT will be equipped with a Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) based on negative deuterium ions, designed to inject 10 MW of power to the tokamak. A fundamental system for the good operations of the DTT NBI will be its Gas injection and Vacuum System (GVS). Indeed, the efficiency of the entire NBI strongly depends on the good performance of its GVS. The GVS for DTT NBI will be composed of two systems working in parallel: a grounded section connected to the main vacuum vessel, and a high voltage part connected to the ion source vessel and working at -510 kV voltage. The grounded part will feature a fore vacuum system (given by screw and roots pumps) plus a high vacuum system based on turbo-molecular pumps located on the side walls of the vessel and Non-Evaporable Getter (NEG) pumps located inside the vessel on the upper and lower surfaces. On the other hand, the high voltage part will feature a fore vacuum system (given by two compact screw pumps mounted on the external surface for the ion source vessel) plus a high vacuum system based on turbo-molecular pumps also located on the sidewalls of the ion source vessel. A dedicated deuterium gas injection will feed the process gas to the ion source and the neutralizer. This paper gives a description of the conceptual design of the GVS for DTT NBI, and of the procedure followed to optimize this system considering the operational requirements and the other constraints of the DTT NBI., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, presented at the SOFT 2022 conference

Published
2023
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4. Safeguarding Biodiversity and Future Generations: An Application of RESRAD Codes for Nuclear Emergency Planning and Response

Author

Bello, S., Simon, J., Ahmad, U. F., Aliyu, A. S., Godwin, I., Nasiru, A. M., Yusuf, J. A., Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Tolio, Tullio A. M., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Schmitt, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Shams, Afaque, editor, Al-Athel, Khaled, editor, Tiselj, Iztok, editor, Pautz, Andreas, editor, and Kwiatkowski, Tomasz, editor

Published
2024
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6. Status of SPIDER beam source after the first 3.5 years of operation

Author

Pavei, M., Gasparrini, C., Berton, G., Agostini, M., Candela, V., Candeloro, V., Cavallini, C., Dan, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Duteil, B. Pouradier, La Rosa, A., Marconato, N., Segalini, B., Spolaore, M., Deambrosis, S., Miorin, E., Montagner, F., Badocco, D., Pastore, P., Nocentini, R., Bello, S. Dal, Grando, L., Boldrin, M., Marcuzzi, D., Rizzolo, A., Sartori, E., Sonato, P., and Serianni, G.

Published
2023
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9. RFX-mod2 diagnostic capability enhancements for the exploration of multi-magnetic-configurations

Author

Carraro, L, Zuin, M, Abate, D, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Belpane, A, Berton, G, Bonotto, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Cinnirella, L, Ciufo, S, Croci, G, Cordaro, L, D'Isa, F, Dal Bello, S, Dal Molin, A, De Masi, G, Emma, G, Fadone, M, Fassina, A, Fiorucci, D, Franz, P, Grando, L, Guiotto, F, La Matina, M, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Marrelli, L, Milazzo, R, Molisani, S, Moresco, M, Muraro, A, Perelli Cippo, E, Peruzzo, S, Porcu, P, Pomaro, N, Puiatti, M, Putignano, O, Rigamonti, D, Rigoni Garola, A, Rizzolo, A, Ruffini, F, Scarin, P, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tardocchi, M, Terranova, D, Ugoletti, M, Valisa, M, Vianello, N, Zaniol, B, Carraro L., Zuin M., Abate D., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Belpane A., Berton G., Bonotto M., Brombin M., Cavazzana R., Cinnirella L., Ciufo S., Croci G., Cordaro L., D'Isa F., Dal Bello S., Dal Molin A., De Masi G., Emma G., Fadone M., Fassina A., Fiorucci D., Franz P., Grando L., Guiotto F., La Matina M., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Mario I., Marrelli L., Milazzo R., Molisani S., Moresco M., Muraro A., Perelli Cippo E., Peruzzo S., Porcu P., Pomaro N., Puiatti M. E., Putignano O., Rigamonti D., Rigoni Garola A., Rizzolo A., Ruffini F., Scarin P., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tardocchi M., Terranova D., Ugoletti M., Valisa M., Vianello N., Zaniol B., Carraro, L, Zuin, M, Abate, D, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Belpane, A, Berton, G, Bonotto, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Cinnirella, L, Ciufo, S, Croci, G, Cordaro, L, D'Isa, F, Dal Bello, S, Dal Molin, A, De Masi, G, Emma, G, Fadone, M, Fassina, A, Fiorucci, D, Franz, P, Grando, L, Guiotto, F, La Matina, M, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Marrelli, L, Milazzo, R, Molisani, S, Moresco, M, Muraro, A, Perelli Cippo, E, Peruzzo, S, Porcu, P, Pomaro, N, Puiatti, M, Putignano, O, Rigamonti, D, Rigoni Garola, A, Rizzolo, A, Ruffini, F, Scarin, P, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tardocchi, M, Terranova, D, Ugoletti, M, Valisa, M, Vianello, N, Zaniol, B, Carraro L., Zuin M., Abate D., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Belpane A., Berton G., Bonotto M., Brombin M., Cavazzana R., Cinnirella L., Ciufo S., Croci G., Cordaro L., D'Isa F., Dal Bello S., Dal Molin A., De Masi G., Emma G., Fadone M., Fassina A., Fiorucci D., Franz P., Grando L., Guiotto F., La Matina M., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Mario I., Marrelli L., Milazzo R., Molisani S., Moresco M., Muraro A., Perelli Cippo E., Peruzzo S., Porcu P., Pomaro N., Puiatti M. E., Putignano O., Rigamonti D., Rigoni Garola A., Rizzolo A., Ruffini F., Scarin P., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tardocchi M., Terranova D., Ugoletti M., Valisa M., Vianello N., and Zaniol B.

Abstract

The RFX-mod2 device, the upgraded version of the previous RFX-mod with a modified magnetic boundary, is presently under realization and will start to be operated in 2025. Significant upgrades of the diagnostic capabilities have been proposed and are under development. These include a largely increased number of in-vessel magnetic and electrostatic sensors, a new fast reciprocating manipulator for the exploration of the edge plasma in a wide range of experimental conditions, the improved Thomson scattering and soft x-ray diagnostics system for a detailed determination of the behavior of the electron temperature profile, new dedicated systems for the space and time resolved analysis of x-ray spectra and neutron rate, a reflectometric diagnostic for real-time determination of plasma position, two diagnostics devoted to the imaging of light impurities and influxes behavior along with arrays of halo current sensors. These diagnostic upgrades will be accompanied by a significant effort to improve the control of the electron density and of the impurity influxes by means of proper treatment of plasma facing components with in-vessel fixed electrodes distributed over the first wall. The described advancements will allow a deeper understanding of physics phenomena in the wide variety of magnetic configurations, including the tokamak, the reversed-field pinch and the Ultra-low q, which can be produced in RFX-mod2 thanks to its flexibility and unique MHD control capabilities.

Published
2024

11. EUROfusion contributions to ITER nuclear operation.

Author

Litaudon, X., Fantz, U., Villari, R., Toigo, V., Aumeunier, M.-H., Autran, J.-L., Batistoni, P., Belonohy, E., Bradnam, S., Cecchetto, M., Colangeli, A., Dacquait, F., Dal Bello, S., Dentan, M., De Pietri, M., Eriksson, J., Fabbri, M., Falchetto, G., Figini, L., and Figueiredo, J.

Subjects
TRITIUM, NEUTRON irradiation, RESEARCH reactors, NEUTRAL beams, NEUTRON flux, BLOOD volume, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, HYDROGEN ions
Abstract

ITER is of key importance in the European fusion roadmap as it aims to prove the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion as a future energy source. The EUROfusion consortium of labs within Europe is contributing to the preparation of ITER scientific exploitation and operation and aspires to exploit ITER outcomes in view of DEMO. The paper provides an overview of the major progress obtained recently, carried out in the frame of the new (initiated in 2021) EUROfusion work-package called ' Pr eparation of I TER O peration' (PrIO). The overview paper is directly supported by the eleven EUROfusion PrIO contributions given at the 29th Fusion Energy Conference (16–21 October 2023) London, UK [www.iaea.org/events/fec2023]. The paper covers the following topics: (i) development and validation of tools in support to ITER operation (plasma breakdown/burn-through with evolving plasma volume, new infra-red synthetic diagnostic for off-line analysis and wall monitoring using Artificial Intelligence techniques, synthetic diagnostics development, development and exploitation of multi-machine databases); (ii) R&D for the radio-frequency ITER neutral beam sources leading to long duration of negative deuterium/hydrogen ions current extraction at ELISE and participation in the neutral beam test facility with progress on the ITER source SPIDER, and, the commissioning of the 1 MV high voltage accelerator (MITICA) with lessons learned for ITER; (iii) validation of neutronic tools for ITER nuclear operation following the second JET deuterium–tritium experimental campaigns carried out in 2021 and in 2023 (neutron streaming and shutdown dose rate calculation, water activation and activated corrosion products with advanced fluid dynamic simulation; irradiation of several materials under 14.1 MeV neutron flux etc). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. A Deep Learning System to Predict Epithelial Dysplasia in Oral Leukoplakia.

Author

Adeoye, J., Chaurasia, A., Akinshipo, A., Suleiman, I.K., Zheng, L.-W., Lo, A.W.I., Pu, J.J., Bello, S., Oginni, F.O., Agho, E.T., Braimah, R.O., and Su, Y.X.

Subjects
ORAL leukoplakia, PATIENT self-monitoring, DEEP learning, PRECANCEROUS conditions, ARTIFICIAL intelligence
Abstract

Oral leukoplakia (OL) has an inherent disposition to develop oral cancer. OL with epithelial dysplasia (OED) is significantly likely to undergo malignant transformation; however, routine OED assessment is invasive and challenging. This study investigated whether a deep learning (DL) model can predict dysplasia probability among patients with leukoplakia using oral photographs. In addition, we assessed the performance of the DL model in comparison with clinicians' ratings and in providing decision support on dysplasia assessment. Retrospective images of leukoplakia taken before biopsy/histopathology were obtained to construct the DL model (n = 2,073). OED status following histopathology was used as the gold standard for all images. We first developed, fine-tuned, and internally validated a DL architecture with an EfficientNet-B2 backbone that outputs the predicted probability of OED, OED status, and regions-of-interest heat maps. Then, we tested the performance of the DL model on a temporal cohort before geographical validation. We also assessed the model's performance at external validation with opinions provided by human raters on OED status. Performance evaluation included discrimination, calibration, and potential net benefit. The DL model achieved good Brier scores, areas under the curve, and balanced accuracies of 0.124 (0.079–0.169), 0.882 (0.838–0.926), and 81.8% (76.5–87.1) at testing and 0.146 (0.112–0.18), 0.828 (0.792–0.864), and 76.4% (72.3–80.5) at external validation, respectively. In addition, the model had a higher potential net benefit in selecting patients with OL for biopsy/histopathology during OED assessment than when biopsies were performed for all patients. External validation also showed that the DL model had better accuracy than 92.3% (24/26) of human raters in classifying the OED status of leukoplakia from oral images (balanced accuracy: 54.8%–79.7%). Overall, the photograph-based intelligent model can predict OED probability and status in leukoplakia with good calibration and discrimination, which shows potential for decision support to select patients for biopsy/histopathology, obviate unnecessary biopsy, and assist in patient self-monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Optimizing the ITER NBI ion source by dedicated RF driver test stand

Author

Mario, I., primary, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Sartori, E., additional, Pouradier-Duteil, B., additional, Sheperd, A., additional, Denizeau, S., additional, Casagrande, R., additional, Agnello, R., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Aprile, D., additional, Barbato, P., additional, Baseggio, L., additional, Battistella, M., additional, Berton, G., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Carraro, M., additional, Cinetto, P., additional, Dal Bello, S., additional, Delogu, R., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Fellin, F., additional, Fincato, M., additional, Franchin, L., additional, Friso, D., additional, Grando, L., additional, La Rosa, A., additional, Laterza, B., additional, López-Bruna, D., additional, Magagna, M., additional, Maniero, M., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Pasqualotto, R., additional, Passalacqua, G., additional, Pavei, M., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Ravarotto, D., additional, Rigoni-Garola, A., additional, Romanato, L., additional, Rossetto, F., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Sonato, P., additional, Taliercio, C., additional, Toigo, V., additional, Tollin, M., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Vignando, M., additional, Zagórski, R., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Zella, D., additional, Zerbetto, E., additional, Zucchetti, S., additional, Zuin, E., additional, and Serianni, G., additional

Published
2024
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18. The new vessel complex for the RFX-mod2 experiment: An effective synergy between fusion research and technological development

Author

Peruzzo, S, Aprile, D, Dalla Palma, M, Pavei, M, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Abate, D, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Andreani, R, Anselmi, F, Battistin, F, Bernardi, A, Bernardi, M, Berton, G, Bettini, P, Bigi, M, Bonotto, M, Brombin, M, Canton, A, Carraro, L, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Corniani, G, Dal Bello, S, De Lorenzi, A, De Masi, G, Degli Agostini, F, Franchin, L, Franz, P, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Innocente, P, Laterza, B, Lotto, L, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Marrelli, L, Martines, E, Moresco, M, Novella, A, Piovan, R, Pomaro, N, Rossetto, F, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Tiso, A, Trevisan, L, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Peruzzo S., Aprile D., Dalla Palma M., Pavei M., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Abate D., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Andreani R., Anselmi F., Battistin F., Bernardi A., Bernardi M., Berton G., Bettini P., Bigi M. A., Bonotto M., Brombin M., Canton A., Carraro L., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Corniani G., Dal Bello S., De Lorenzi A., De Masi G., Degli Agostini F., Franchin L., Franz P., Gambetta G., Gnesotto F., Grando L., Innocente P., Laterza B., Lotto L., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., Marrelli L., Martines E., Moresco M., Novella A., Piovan R., Pomaro N., Rossetto F., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Terranova D., Tiso A., Trevisan L., Valente M., Valisa M., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Peruzzo, S, Aprile, D, Dalla Palma, M, Pavei, M, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Abate, D, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Andreani, R, Anselmi, F, Battistin, F, Bernardi, A, Bernardi, M, Berton, G, Bettini, P, Bigi, M, Bonotto, M, Brombin, M, Canton, A, Carraro, L, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Corniani, G, Dal Bello, S, De Lorenzi, A, De Masi, G, Degli Agostini, F, Franchin, L, Franz, P, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Innocente, P, Laterza, B, Lotto, L, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Marrelli, L, Martines, E, Moresco, M, Novella, A, Piovan, R, Pomaro, N, Rossetto, F, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Tiso, A, Trevisan, L, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Peruzzo S., Aprile D., Dalla Palma M., Pavei M., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Abate D., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Andreani R., Anselmi F., Battistin F., Bernardi A., Bernardi M., Berton G., Bettini P., Bigi M. A., Bonotto M., Brombin M., Canton A., Carraro L., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Corniani G., Dal Bello S., De Lorenzi A., De Masi G., Degli Agostini F., Franchin L., Franz P., Gambetta G., Gnesotto F., Grando L., Innocente P., Laterza B., Lotto L., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., Marrelli L., Martines E., Moresco M., Novella A., Piovan R., Pomaro N., Rossetto F., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Terranova D., Tiso A., Trevisan L., Valente M., Valisa M., Zaupa M., and Zuin M.

Published
2023

19. Highlights of recent SPIDER results and improvements

Author

Sartori, E, Agnello, R, Agostini, M, Barbisan, M, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Casagrande, R, Dal Bello, S, Dan, M, Pouradier Duteil, B, Fadone, M, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Mario, I, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Rizzolo, A, Shepherd, A, Ugoletti, M, Veltri, P, Zaniol, B, Agostinetti, P, Aprile, D, Berton, G, Cavallini, C, Cavenago, M, Chitarin, G, Croci, G, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Luchetta, A, Lunardon, F, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Mccormack, O, Milazzo, R, Muraro, A, Patton, T, Pilan, N, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Santoro, F, Segalini, B, Siragusa, M, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Toigo, V, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Serianni, G, Sartori E., Agnello R., Agostini M., Barbisan M., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Casagrande R., Dal Bello S., Dan M., Pouradier Duteil B., Fadone M., Grando L., Jain P., Maistrello A., Mario I., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Rizzolo A., Shepherd A., Ugoletti M., Veltri P., Zaniol B., Agostinetti P., Aprile D., Berton G., Cavallini C., Cavenago M., Chitarin G., Croci G., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Luchetta A., Lunardon F., Manduchi G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., McCormack O., Milazzo R., Muraro A., Patton T., Pilan N., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Santoro F., Segalini B., Siragusa M., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Toigo V., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zanotto L., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Serianni G., Sartori, E, Agnello, R, Agostini, M, Barbisan, M, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Casagrande, R, Dal Bello, S, Dan, M, Pouradier Duteil, B, Fadone, M, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Mario, I, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Rizzolo, A, Shepherd, A, Ugoletti, M, Veltri, P, Zaniol, B, Agostinetti, P, Aprile, D, Berton, G, Cavallini, C, Cavenago, M, Chitarin, G, Croci, G, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Luchetta, A, Lunardon, F, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Mccormack, O, Milazzo, R, Muraro, A, Patton, T, Pilan, N, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Santoro, F, Segalini, B, Siragusa, M, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Toigo, V, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Serianni, G, Sartori E., Agnello R., Agostini M., Barbisan M., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Casagrande R., Dal Bello S., Dan M., Pouradier Duteil B., Fadone M., Grando L., Jain P., Maistrello A., Mario I., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Rizzolo A., Shepherd A., Ugoletti M., Veltri P., Zaniol B., Agostinetti P., Aprile D., Berton G., Cavallini C., Cavenago M., Chitarin G., Croci G., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Luchetta A., Lunardon F., Manduchi G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., McCormack O., Milazzo R., Muraro A., Patton T., Pilan N., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Santoro F., Segalini B., Siragusa M., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Toigo V., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zanotto L., Zaupa M., Zuin M., and Serianni G.

Abstract

Three years of experiments on SPIDER allowed characterization of the main features of the source plasma and of the negative ion beam, in the original design configuration. For the large dimensions of the source chamber, and of the extraction area, the investigation of the single-beamlet currents and of the source plasma uniformity had to be carried out to extend the knowledge gained in smaller prototype sources. The configuration of the multiple RF drivers and filter field topologies were found to cause a peculiar behavior in the plasma confinement in the drivers, creating left-right asymmetries which were also visible in the extracted negative ion currents, even after the early implementation of a new scheme of plasma-grid current send and return busbars that greatly improved performance at high filter fields. The plasma properties in the driver and expansion region as well as the positive ion energy at the extraction region were studied in different experimental conditions, and interpreted also with the support of numerical models, suggesting that an improved plasma confinement could contribute to the increase of the plasma density, and to a certain extent to a lowering of the plasma potential profile; both effects shall contribute to increase the presence of cold negative ions for the formation of low-divergence beamlets. Early results related to unwanted RF discharges on the back of the plasma source and the gas conductance of the beam source suggested the reduction of the vessel pressure as mitigation, leading to the definition of a new pumping system. The difficulties related to the simultaneous operation, stable control and high-power operation of multiple RF self-oscillating vacuum tube based RF generators were an unambiguous obstruction to the experimentation, calling for the implementation of RF solid-state amplifiers. The initial tests related to caesium management, the non-uniform plasma properties at different locations across the plasma grid, and the c

Published
2023

20. SPIDER, the Negative Ion Source Prototype for ITER: Overview of Operations and Cesium Injection

Author

Serianni, G, Sartori, E, Agnello, R, Agostini, M, Barbisan, M, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Casagrande, R, Bello, S, Dan, M, Duteil, B, Fadone, M, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Mario, I, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Rizzolo, A, Shepherd, A, Ugoletti, M, Veltri, P, Zaniol, B, Agostinetti, P, Aprile, D, Berton, G, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cavenago, M, Chitarin, G, Cristofaro, S, Croci, G, Cruz, N, Palma, M, Delogu, R, Muri, M, Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Luchetta, A, Lunardon, F, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Mccormack, O, Milazzo, R, Muraro, A, Patton, T, Pilan, N, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Santoro, F, Segalini, B, Siragusa, M, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Toigo, V, Serianni G., Sartori E., Agnello R., Agostini M., Barbisan M., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Casagrande R., Bello S. D., Dan M., Duteil B. P., Fadone M., Grando L., Jain P., Maistrello A., Mario I., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Rizzolo A., Shepherd A., Ugoletti M., Veltri P., Zaniol B., Agostinetti P., Aprile D., Berton G., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cavenago M., Chitarin G., Cristofaro S., Croci G., Cruz N., Palma M. D., Delogu R., Muri M. D., Nardi M. D., Denizeau S., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Luchetta A., Lunardon F., Manduchi G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., McCormack O., Milazzo R., Muraro A., Patton T., Pilan N., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Santoro F., Segalini B., Siragusa M., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zanotto L., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Toigo V., Serianni, G, Sartori, E, Agnello, R, Agostini, M, Barbisan, M, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Casagrande, R, Bello, S, Dan, M, Duteil, B, Fadone, M, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Mario, I, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Rizzolo, A, Shepherd, A, Ugoletti, M, Veltri, P, Zaniol, B, Agostinetti, P, Aprile, D, Berton, G, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cavenago, M, Chitarin, G, Cristofaro, S, Croci, G, Cruz, N, Palma, M, Delogu, R, Muri, M, Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Luchetta, A, Lunardon, F, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Mccormack, O, Milazzo, R, Muraro, A, Patton, T, Pilan, N, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Santoro, F, Segalini, B, Siragusa, M, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Toigo, V, Serianni G., Sartori E., Agnello R., Agostini M., Barbisan M., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Casagrande R., Bello S. D., Dan M., Duteil B. P., Fadone M., Grando L., Jain P., Maistrello A., Mario I., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Rizzolo A., Shepherd A., Ugoletti M., Veltri P., Zaniol B., Agostinetti P., Aprile D., Berton G., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cavenago M., Chitarin G., Cristofaro S., Croci G., Cruz N., Palma M. D., Delogu R., Muri M. D., Nardi M. D., Denizeau S., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Luchetta A., Lunardon F., Manduchi G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., McCormack O., Milazzo R., Muraro A., Patton T., Pilan N., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Santoro F., Segalini B., Siragusa M., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zanotto L., Zaupa M., Zuin M., and Toigo V.

Abstract

An overview of the recent operations and the main results of cesium injection in the Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from Rf plasma (SPIDER) negative ion source are described in this contribution. In experiments without cesium injection, all SPIDER plants were tested to verify the basic expectations on the operational parameters (e.g., electron cooling effectiveness of magnetic filter field) and to determine its operational region. For beam properties, it was shown that the current density varies across the beam in the vertical direction. In preliminary cesium experiments, the expected increase of negative ion current and simultaneous decrease of co-extracted electrons were found, along with the influence of the control parameters (polarization of the plasma electrodes, magnetic filter field) on the SPIDER beam uniformity in the horizontal and vertical directions. It was shown that non-Gaussian tails can be identified in the angular distribution on the plane perpendicular to the beam propagation direction. Stray particles, nonhomogeneous beam and large divergence might result in unexpected heat and particle loads over ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) accelerator grids; it is the goal of SPIDER to assess and possibly to identify suitable methods for controlling these beam features. A major shutdown, planned for late 2021, to solve the issues identified during the operation and to carry out scheduled modifications, is outlined. Such improvements are expected to allow SPIDER to pursue the ITER requirements in terms of negative ion current, electron-to-ion ratio, and beam duration.

Published
2023

21. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Marcuzzi D., Toigo V., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Serianni G., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candela V., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., La Rosa A., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Mario I., Martini G., Milazzo R., Patton T., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Santoro F., Sartori E., Segalini B., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Valisa M., Veronese F., Vignando M., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Decamps H., Geli F., Sharma A., Veltri P., Zacks J., Simon M., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Gutierrez D., Masiello A., Mico G., Labate C., Readman P., Bragulat E., Bailly-Maitre L., Gomez G., Kouzmenko G., Albajar F., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Kojima A., Murayama M., Hatakeyama S., Oshita E., Maejima T., Shibata N., Yamashita Y., Watanabe K., Singh N. P., Singh M. J., Dhola H., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., Longo S., Deambrosis S., Miorin E., Montagner F., Tonti A., Panin F., Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Marcuzzi D., Toigo V., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Serianni G., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candela V., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., La Rosa A., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Mario I., Martini G., Milazzo R., Patton T., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Santoro F., Sartori E., Segalini B., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Valisa M., Veronese F., Vignando M., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Decamps H., Geli F., Sharma A., Veltri P., Zacks J., Simon M., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Gutierrez D., Masiello A., Mico G., Labate C., Readman P., Bragulat E., Bailly-Maitre L., Gomez G., Kouzmenko G., Albajar F., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Kojima A., Murayama M., Hatakeyama S., Oshita E., Maejima T., Shibata N., Yamashita Y., Watanabe K., Singh N. P., Singh M. J., Dhola H., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., Longo S., Deambrosis S., Miorin E., Montagner F., Tonti A., and Panin F.

Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters). Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accelerator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confir

Published
2023

22. Innovative Concepts in the DTT Neutral Beam Injector

Author

Agostinetti, P., Benedetti, E., Bonifetto, R., Bonesso, M., Calabro, G., Cavenago, M., Crisanti, F., Dal Bello, S., Dalla Palma, M., D'Ambrosio, D., Dima, R., Favero, G., Ferro, A., Fincato, M., Grando, L., Granucci, G., Lombroni, R., Marsilio, R., Murari, A., Patton, T., Pepato, A., Raffaelli, F., Rebesan, P., Recchia, M., Ripani, M., Romano, A., Sartori, E., Scarpari, M., Variale, V., Ventura, G., Veronese, F., Zanino, R., Zappatore, A., and Zavarise, G.

Abstract

The main purpose of the divertor tokamak test (DTT) facility is to study alternative solutions to mitigate the issue of the power exhaust, under integrated physics and technical conditions relevant to ITER and DEMO. One of the most complex and innovative subsystems of the entire project is certainly the negative-ion-based neutral beam injector (NBI), meant to inject 10 MW of auxiliary power with a beam of 510 keV deuterium neutrals. This contribution describes the conceptual design of the beamline for the DTT NBI system, with a particular focus on the innovative technical solutions adopted to fulfill the requirements and maximize the performance. The DTT NBI is required to operate with high efficiency in several operating scenarios, covering a large range of beam energies, between 10% and 100% of the nominal value (510 keV). To reach this challenging goal, an innovative accelerator design, the spherical and lemon hyperlens grids (SLHGs), has been developed. The implementation of this design concept of the accelerator has recently become possible thanks to recent improvements in additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Another original aspect of the DTT NBI, compared to existing devices, regards the vacuum pumping system, which will be based on nonevaporable getter (NEG) pumps. This will represent the first application of the NEG technology to an NBI for the heating and current drive system of a fusion experiment, with a possible simplification of the overall construction, with respect to typical solutions based on cryogenic pumps. Other innovative solutions are the cylindrical sawtooth structure (CSS) for the neutralizer panels and the stray field shielding system (SFSS) with encapsulated neutralizer. This article provides an overview of the injector for DTT NBI with a particular focus on innovative technical solutions.

Published
2024
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23. Corrigendum to “Status of SPIDER beam source after the first 3.5 years of operation” [Fusion Engineering and Design, Volume 192, July 2023, 113831]

Author

Pavei, M., primary, Gasparrini, C., additional, Berton, G., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Candela, V., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Cavallini, C., additional, Dan, M., additional, Denizeau, S., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Duteil, B. Pouradier, additional, La Rosa, A., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Deambrosis, S., additional, Miorin, E., additional, Montagner, F., additional, Badocco, D., additional, Pastore, P., additional, Nocentini, R., additional, Bello, S. Dal, additional, Grando, L., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Marcuzzi, D., additional, Rizzolo, A., additional, Sartori, E., additional, Sonato, P., additional, and Serianni, G., additional

Published
2023
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24. Enhancing University Students’ Ecoliteracy Through Concept Mapping Instructional Strategy

Author

Bello S., Gatawa M.I., and Mani B.U.

Abstract

Lives on earth solely depend on the environment for food, shelter and production of the next generation. Ecologically literate society ensures the sustainability of a healthy environment for future generations. This study aimed at enhancing the ecoliteracy of university students through concept mapping. To achieve that, four research questions and hypotheses were answered and tested respectively. Quasi-experimental design, involving experimental and control groups, was employed. 210 students were selected from four programmes in the two universities in Sokoto State, Nigeria using convenient and random sampling techniques. The ecological knowledge and Thinking Test was used for data collection. The statistical tool used for data analysis was independent t-test. The study found that both concept mapping and lecture methods enhanced students’ ecological knowledge, but concept maps enhanced students' critical thinking more than lecture methods. Thus, the study recommends the use of concept mapping during ecoliteracy training designed to promote ecological critical thinking.

Published
2023
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26. Highlights of recent SPIDER results and improvements

Author

Sartori, E., primary, Agnello, R., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Barbisan, M., additional, Bigi, M., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Casagrande, R., additional, Dal Bello, S., additional, Dan, M., additional, Pouradier Duteil, B., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Grando, L., additional, Jain, P., additional, Maistrello, A., additional, Mario, I., additional, Pasqualotto, R., additional, Pavei, M., additional, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Rizzolo, A., additional, Shepherd, A., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Veltri, P., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, Agostinetti, P., additional, Aprile, D., additional, Berton, G., additional, Cavallini, C., additional, Cavenago, M., additional, Chitarin, G., additional, Croci, G., additional, Delogu, R., additional, De Muri, M., additional, De Nardi, M., additional, Denizeau, S., additional, Fellin, F., additional, Ferro, A., additional, Gaio, E., additional, Gasparrini, C., additional, Luchetta, A., additional, Lunardon, F., additional, Manduchi, G., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Marcuzzi, D., additional, McCormack, O., additional, Milazzo, R., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Patton, T., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Recchia, M., additional, Rigoni-Garola, A., additional, Santoro, F., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Siragusa, M., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Taliercio, C., additional, Toigo, V., additional, Zaccaria, P., additional, Zagorski, R., additional, Zanotto, L., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Zuin, M., additional, and Serianni, G., additional

Published
2023
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29. Heamatological and Serum Biochemical Indices of Red Sokoto Goats Fed Different Forms of Neem Leaves and a Concentrate Diet

Author

Bukola, O. A, Sadiq, M. S, Shettima, I, Itodo, J. I, Hammed, M. A, Yusuf, S. J, Bello, S. H, and David, I. E

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

The study evaluated the heamatological and serum biochemical indices of red sokoto goats fed different forms of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves and a concentrate diet. The experiment was carried out at the small ruminants unit Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Kashere. Gombe state , Nigeria. Sixteen red sokoto goats (bucks) were allotted into four (4) treatments of four goats each. The goats were fed fresh neem leaves, neem leaves hay, neem leaves meal and neem leaves silage at 300g/goat/day for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively; and concentrate diet at 125g/goat/day for a duration of sixty three (63) days. Water was served ad-libitum. The experimental design was a completely randomized design; data were analyzed using a one way analysis of variance. The significant means were separated using least significant difference contained in SAS 2010 statistical package. The concentrate and the neem leaves were analyzed for their proximate composition using the method of AOAC 2000. Values for all the haematological indices except esinophil were not significantly different, the values for esinophil ranged from 1.07–1.57%. All the serum biochemical values were significantly (P

Published
2022
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30. Isolation, Characterization and Heavy Metals Tolerance Indices of Indigenous Fungal Flora from a Tannery located at Challawa Industrial Estate of Kano State, Nigeria

Author

Sule, A. M., Inuwa, B., Bello, S. Z., Gero, M., Mohammed, H. A., and Muhammad, Z. A.

Subjects
Fungal species, Fungal biomass, Heavy metals, Tolerance indices, General Medicine, Tannery effluent
Abstract

Seven fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizomucor pusillus, Trichophyton equinum and Rhizopus oryzae) were isolated from the tannery effluent collected at a tannery industry located at Challawa industrial estate of Kano State, Nigeria. Aspergillus niger had the highest percentage occurrence frequency of 36% (31) while Trichophyton equinum had the least percentage occurrence frequency of 4% (5). Consequently, Aspergillus niger recorded the highest mean tolerance indices of 1.175, 0.830, 0.580, 0.780 and 0.630 while Rhizomucor pusillus had the least of the tolerance indices of 0.675, 0.375, 0.346, 0.450 and 0.255 for chromium, cadmium, manganese and lead respectively. Accordingly, furthermore the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and biomass yield of the seven tested fungi isolates cultured in the presence of the five heavy metals used in this study showed different level of growth pattern. Hence the high resistant potentials and tolerance to the selected heavy metals exhibited by the fungal species isolated in this study is an indication that indigenous fungal floral isolated from tannery effluent if properly harnessed may offer a feasible solution to the serious environmental pollution problems associated with the presence of heavy metals in tannery effluent.

Published
2022
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31. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D., primary, Toigo, V., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Chitarin, G., additional, Dal Bello, S., additional, Grando, L., additional, Luchetta, A., additional, Pasqualotto, R., additional, Pavei, M., additional, Serianni, G., additional, Zanotto, L., additional, Agnello, R., additional, Agostinetti, P., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Aprile, D., additional, Barbisan, M., additional, Battistella, M., additional, Berton, G., additional, Bigi, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Candela, V., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Canton, A., additional, Casagrande, R., additional, Cavallini, C., additional, Cavazzana, R., additional, Cordaro, L., additional, Cruz, N., additional, Dalla Palma, M., additional, Dan, M., additional, De Lorenzi, A., additional, Delogu, R., additional, De Muri, M., additional, De Nardi, M., additional, Denizeau, S., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Fellin, F., additional, Ferro, A., additional, Gaio, E., additional, Gasparrini, C., additional, Gnesotto, F., additional, Jain, P., additional, La Rosa, A., additional, Lopez-Bruna, D., additional, Lorenzini, R., additional, Maistrello, A., additional, Manduchi, G., additional, Manfrin, S., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Mario, I., additional, Martini, G., additional, Milazzo, R., additional, Patton, T., additional, Peruzzo, S., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Pomaro, N., additional, Pouradier-Duteil, B., additional, Recchia, M., additional, Rigoni-Garola, A., additional, Rizzetto, D., additional, Rizzolo, A., additional, Santoro, F., additional, Sartori, E., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Shepherd, A., additional, Siragusa, M., additional, Sonato, P., additional, Sottocornola, A., additional, Spada, E., additional, Spagnolo, S., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Taliercio, C., additional, Tinti, P., additional, Tomsič, P., additional, Trevisan, L., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Valente, M., additional, Valisa, M., additional, Veronese, F., additional, Vignando, M., additional, Zaccaria, P., additional, Zagorski, R., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Zuin, M., additional, Cavenago, M., additional, Boilson, D., additional, Rotti, C., additional, Decamps, H., additional, Geli, F., additional, Sharma, A., additional, Veltri, P., additional, Zacks, J., additional, Simon, M., additional, Paolucci, F., additional, Garbuglia, A., additional, Gutierrez, D., additional, Masiello, A., additional, Mico, G., additional, Labate, C., additional, Readman, P., additional, Bragulat, E., additional, Bailly-Maitre, L., additional, Gomez, G., additional, Kouzmenko, G., additional, Albajar, F., additional, Kashiwagi, M., additional, Tobari, H., additional, Kojima, A., additional, Murayama, M., additional, Hatakeyama, S., additional, Oshita, E., additional, Maejima, T., additional, Shibata, N., additional, Yamashita, Y., additional, Watanabe, K., additional, Singh, N.P., additional, Singh, M.J., additional, Dhola, H., additional, Fantz, U., additional, Heinemann, B., additional, Wimmer, C., additional, Wünderlich, D., additional, Tsumori, K., additional, Croci, G., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Rebai, M., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, Giacomelli, L., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, Taccogna, F., additional, Bruno, D., additional, Rutigliano, M., additional, Longo, S., additional, Deambrosis, S., additional, Miorin, E., additional, Montagner, F., additional, Tonti, A., additional, and Panin, F., additional

Published
2023
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32. Design of a large nonevaporable getter pump for the full size ITER beam source prototype

Author

Sartori, E., primary, Siragusa, M., additional, Berton, G., additional, Cavallini, C., additional, Dal Bello, S., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Grando, L., additional, Marcuzzi, D., additional, Rizzetto, D., additional, Serianni, G., additional, Sonato, P., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Dinh, F., additional, Ferrara, A., additional, Maccallini, E., additional, Mura, M., additional, Siviero, F., additional, and Toigo, V., additional

Published
2023
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34. Post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV: A 10-year review of data from a tertiary health facility in northcentral Nigeria.

Author

Audu, E. S., Bello, S. O., Ablaku, A., Audu, A. A., Bako, I. A., Mathew, M., and Anazodo, M. C.

Subjects
*HIV, *HEALTH facilities, *HIV infections, *SEXUAL assault, *HIV infection transmission, *OCCUPATIONAL exposure
Abstract

Background: Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the use of short-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) following a single risk exposure to a potential source of HIV infection. If commenced within 72 hours following exposure, PEP has been reported to be very effective in preventing replication and spread of the virus and therefore prevent acquisition of infection. PEP is recommended for exposures occurring in both occupational and non-occupational settings. The objectives of this study are to review the profile of patients and determine the reasons for accessing PEP services in our facility with a view to recommending evidence-based solutions and ultimately contributing to achieving zero transmission of HIV. Methodology: A retrospective review of records of patients who received PEP for HIV in our facility over a 10-year period was carried out. Demographic and clinical variables of interest were extracted from the medical records and the PEP register of 252 eligible patients. Data were presented as frequencies, means, percentages and range. Bivariate analysis to determine association of clinical and demographic variables was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) with p<0.05 considered as statistical significance. Results: The mean age of the 252 patients studied was 26.25±11.81 years, and females accounted for 52.7%. The commonest reason for seeking HIV PEP was occupational exposure from sharps or needle sticks or splashes in 43.3% (109/252), while rape/sexual assault was the most common non-occupational reason for PEP in 29.0% (73/252) cases. Most (72.6% and 95.2%) of the patients presented within 24 hours and 72 hours respectively following exposure. While females accounted for 98.6% of cases of rape and sexual assault, children aged 10 years and below made up 28.8%. Conclusion: Although most patients sought PEP for HIV due to occupational exposure, majority of those who came for non-occupational exposure were due to rape or sexual assault, most of which occurred in children and adolescents. There is need to institute measures aimed at reducing the menace of rape and sexual assault especially of minors in our society and for health facilities to have psychosocial support mechanisms for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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35. SPIDER, the Negative Ion Source Prototype for ITER: Overview of Operations and Cesium Injection

Author

Serianni, G., primary, Sartori, E., additional, Agnello, R., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Barbisan, M., additional, Bigi, M., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Casagrande, R., additional, Bello, S. Dal, additional, Dan, M., additional, Duteil, B. P., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Grando, L., additional, Jain, P., additional, Maistrello, A., additional, Mario, I., additional, Pasqualotto, R., additional, Pavei, M., additional, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Rizzolo, A., additional, Shepherd, A., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Veltri, P., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, Agostinetti, P., additional, Aprile, D., additional, Berton, G., additional, Cavallini, C., additional, Cavazzana, R., additional, Cavenago, M., additional, Chitarin, G., additional, Cristofaro, S., additional, Croci, G., additional, Cruz, N., additional, Palma, M. Dalla, additional, Delogu, R., additional, Muri, M. De, additional, Nardi, M. De, additional, Denizeau, S., additional, Fellin, F., additional, Ferro, A., additional, Gaio, E., additional, Gasparrini, C., additional, Luchetta, A., additional, Lunardon, F., additional, Manduchi, G., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Marcuzzi, D., additional, McCormack, O., additional, Milazzo, R., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Patton, T., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Recchia, M., additional, Rigoni-Garola, A., additional, Santoro, F., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Siragusa, M., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Taliercio, C., additional, Zaccaria, P., additional, Zagorski, R., additional, Zanotto, L., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Zuin, M., additional, and Toigo, V., additional

Published
2023
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36. Awareness and Practice of COVID -19 Preventive Measures among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinic in a Tertiary Health Centre in North-Western Nigeria

Author

Burodo AT, Garba JA, Ukwu AE, Umar AG, Bello S, Alhassan UN, and Raji FA

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in death of millions of people across the world. The impact of the disease on human health and the economic hardship on the affected countries have been severe. The public must routinely practice precautionary measures to control the spread of the disease, as no antiviral treatments are currently available. However, the level of awareness and practice of these preventive measures against Covid-19 infection among pregnant women, which constitute vulnerable groups have not been evaluated in our environment. The aim of the study was to determine the awareness and knowledge of pregnant women on Covid-19, its preventive measures and the practice of those preventive measures. It was a cross-sectional study among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information on sociodemographic characteristics and also their knowledge and practice of Covid-19 preventive measures. All the respondents were aware of Covid-19 infection and the source of information was from Television. All the respondents were aware of the various preventive measures of Covid-19 and the knowledge was good among 98.7% of the respondents. However, only 19.1% had good practice of the preventive measures. Educational status of the respondents was found to have significant association with knowledge of preventive measures (χ2= 9.5, p = 0.014).

Published
2022
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37. Network Reconfiguration for Power Loss Reduction on Distribution feeder Using Particle Swarm Optimisation: Case study of 11kv feeder in Ilorin, Nigeria

Author

Rasaq A. Alao, Momoh-Jimoh E. Salami, Abimbola J. Gbenle, Bello S. Raji, and Ayodele I. Abdullateef

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

The distribution system is the largest segment of the electrical power system and the final stage in delivering electricity to consumers. It experiences power losses which could be technical or non-technical due to its radial configuration and connected components. Technical losses occur as energy dissipation in the form of heat in the system components, which is unavoidable. It affects the efficiency of the system and increases operational costs. Therefore, the reduction is essential for adequate power supply and improvement in utility revenue generation. This study focuses on reducing power losses on 11 kV Taiwo distribution feeder in Ilorin using the Network reconfiguration approach. The feeder was modelled, and its power losses were evaluated based on the Backward Forward Sweep method suitable for the radial network. The reconfigured network was optimised using the Particle Swarm Optimisation technique. The study shows that the values of feeder real power losses before and after reconfiguration are 176.883 kW and 121.972 kW, respectively.Further improvement was, however, achieved when PSO was used for the reconfiguration, as the power loss value stands at 98.465 kW. This is 44.33 % reduction compared to the initial power loss value and 19.273 % after reconfiguration. Furthermore, the values of the reactive power losses before and after reconfiguration are 9.474 kVar and 6.527 kVar, respectively, amounting to a 31.11 % reduction. However, PSO reduces the value to 3.101 kVar, which is 67.27 % of the initial value. Thus, radial distribution network reconfiguration using PSO has proven to be a robust method for reducing power loss in the distribution network.

Published
2023
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38. Training needs assessment of stakeholders in the health insurance industry in southwest region of Nigeria: implications for universal health coverage

Author

Adewole, D.A., Bello, S., and Oginni, A.S.

Subjects
Training needs, Hennessy-Hicks, Health insurance, Universal health coverage, Nigeria
Abstract

Background: The coverage of the social health insurance scheme in Nigeria has been low. The scheme may benefit from personnel training which has been shown to improve organisational performance.Objective: This study, therefore, aimed to assess the training needs of personnel in the health insurance industry in Southwest Nigeria.Method: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted among personnel of the health insurance industry in Southwest of Nigeria. The survey tool adapted was the Hennessy-Hicks Training Needs Analysis Questionnaire. The tool has been psychometrically tested for validity and reliability. Originally, the tool has 30 items with an allowance for modification without compromising its psychometric properties. The 30 items were grouped into six superordinate categories; management/supervisory, administration, clinical/service delivery assessment, communication/ teamwork, facility financial audit/assessment, and facility infrastructure assessments. Respondents rated each item along two seven-point scales. In the first scale, respondents rated how important (importance rating) the item is to their job while in the second scale, respondents self-rated their current performance level of the item (performance rating). A training need index was generated by subtracting performance rating from the importance rating for each of the six superordinate categories.Results: Training needs for each of the six subcategories ranked by the magnitude of the derived training need index (from highest to lowest) were; clinical/service delivery, facility infrastructure, facility financial audit, management/supervisory skills, communication, and teamwork, and administration.Conclusions: Training need was demonstrated in all six subcategories. Emphasis on the relevant training need of personnel in the health insurance industry in Nigeria is important to improve efficiency and performance.

Published
2022

39. Job satisfaction and psychological health among health workers in Lagos State teaching hospital, Nigeria

Author

Bello, S., Oni, T.E., and Salawu, M.M.

Subjects
Job satisfaction, Psychological health, Surveys and questionnaires, Workplace, Correlation, Physician
Abstract

Background: Dissatisfactions found in various jobs have been identified as workplace stressors that can directly influence an employee’s psychological and physical health. This study assessed job satisfaction and its relationship with the psychological health of health workers at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH).Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted among 440 health workers in LASUTH. Participants were selected using the stratified sampling technique with the probability proportionate to size method. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of three sections: sociodemographic characteristics and work history, the Spector Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) and the General Health Questionnaire short version 12 (GHQ-12). Apart from the multidimensional JSS, the overall job satisfaction was also assessed using the single-item measure. Data was analysed with SPSS version 25.0. The level of statistical significance was d” 0.5.Results: The mean age of respondents was 43.1 ± 9.2 years. Only 95 (21.6%) respondents expressed satisfaction on the single-item measure. Based on the JSS, the mean job satisfaction score was 126 ± 11.1 and mean GHQ score was2.88 ± 2.43. There was a consistent weak negative correlation between job satisfaction scores and GHQ scores (p < 0.001). Furthermore, respondents who were satisfied with their job were less likely to have psychological morbidity (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Job satisfaction among respondents was low. This was associated with a high level of psychological morbidity. There is need for further investigations on the contemporary causes of job dissatisfaction.

Published
2022

42. Improved Conceptual Design of the Beamline for the DTT Neutral Beam Injector

Author

Agostinetti, P., primary, Benedetti, E., additional, Bonifetto, R., additional, Bonesso, M., additional, Cavenago, M., additional, Bello, S. Dal, additional, Palma, M. Dalla, additional, D'Ambrosio, D., additional, Dima, R., additional, Favero, G., additional, Ferro, A., additional, Fincato, M., additional, Giorgetti, F., additional, Granucci, G., additional, Lombroni, R., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Marsilio, R., additional, Murari, A., additional, Patton, T., additional, Pavei, M., additional, Pepato, A., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Raffaelli, F., additional, Rebesan, P., additional, Recchia, M., additional, Ripani, M., additional, Romano, A., additional, Sartori, E., additional, Tinti, P., additional, Valente, M., additional, Variale, V., additional, Ventura, G., additional, Veronese, F., additional, Zanino, R., additional, and Zavarise, G., additional

Published
2022
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43. Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Storage Capacity of Selected Aquifers in ‘J’ Field, West Africa

Author

Raji, W. O., Bello, S. O., and Adeoye, T. O.

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), Carbon capture and storage, Saline aquifers, Global warming, Petrophysical logs, 3D Seismic data, Niger Delta, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

combination of seismic data and petrophysical logs from five wells acquired in ‘J’ Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria, have been analyzed to assess the carbon dioxide (CO2) storage potential of some saline aquifers in ‘J’ field. The study aims to evaluate the volume of CO2 that can be potentially stored in the aquifers and the risk of CO2 leakages in the storage. The sand aquifers were correlated across the five wells to evaluate their thicknesses and lateral extent. Porosity, permeability, formation water resistivity, and net sand thickness were estimated in the different wells. The Horizons corresponding to the top of the aquifers was mapped, and time and depth structured maps were generated for structural analysis and volumetric estimations. The risk of CO2 leakages through sealing layers (cap rocks) was evaluated in terms of caprock integrity and pore pressure sealing mechanism. Results of the study showed that four aquifers, namely, L20, N30, M40, and P50, are laterally extensive across the five wells and have thicknesses that range from 14 to 352 m. The individual CO2 storage capacity of L20, M30, N40, and P50 was estimated to be 6.97×1010, 1.48×1010, 7.78×109 and 1.49×1010 tons, respectively. The combined aquifer storage capacity was estimated to be 1.07×1011 tons. The sealing layers have low risk of CO2 leakages. The study concluded that the aquifers have good potential for CO2 storage and low risk of leakages. The study ranked L20 as the best among the four aquifers.

Published
2022

45. Covid-19 and Cytokine Storm

Author

Lopez Vergara, L, primary, Torralba, L, additional, De Diego, C, additional, Lasierra, A, additional, Lahoz, R, additional, Abadía, C, additional, Ruiz De Copegui, P, additional, Godino, J, additional, Cebollada, A, additional, Jimeno, B, additional, and Bello, S, additional

Published
2022
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47. Lymphocytic exhaustion in Covid-19 patients

Author

De Diego Ramos, C, primary, Torralba, L, additional, López, L, additional, Ruiz De Gopegui, P, additional, Lahoz, R, additional, Abadía, C, additional, Lasierra, A, additional, Cebollada, A, additional, Godino, J, additional, Jimeno, B, additional, and Bello, S, additional

Published
2022
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