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The production of tomatoes from seedlings is safer, fruiting and harvesting occur earlier, and due to the more uniform distribution of plants in the field, the fruits formed are larger and more uniform. Various substrates from own production and substrates from industrial production are used for cultivation. The research was conducted in a greenhouse, at the location of Gornji Lukavac, Gradačac. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different substrates on germination, vegetative growth and yield of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). For the purposes of this research, four nutrient substrates were used: Potgrond H, own compost, sand-soil mixture in a ratio of 1: 1, and lumbri humus. The research was conducted during 2021. The seeds first germinated in the soil substrate: sand (1: 1), the best marketable fruits were on lumbra humus.

Rootstocks of the genus Pyrus are easily adapted to climatic conditions and such trees are more resistant to Erwinia amylovora, but they also have disadvantages because these trees are more lush and difficult to grow in dense composition. The production of pears in a dense composition is a tendency of intensive pear production, and quince rootstocks are used for this purpose, because it is easier to control the height of the stem. The increase in the density of the composition in pear orchards is directly related to the use of vegetative rootstocks of less lushness, such as rootstocks of the genus Cydonia sp.The research included five autochthonous pear varieties: Takiša, Jeribasma, Šećerka, Karamut i Huseinbegovača. The tests were performed at the location Voćni rasadnik, Špionica, City Srebrenik, Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina, during the vegetation of 2021. Morphometric analyzes were performed on a sample of 30 seedlings for each pear variety. Average results are presented using MS Excel software packages. Seedlings of grafted varieties on the basis of diameter did not meet the conditions of marketing, while on the basis of vegetative growth, three varieties met the conditions of marketing of planting material. The research was conducted within the project number 02 / 9-712-1-5-4 / 21. Grafted autochthonous varieties in the year of grafting showed extremely good adhesion with the vegetative rootstock BA-29, but did not have a good diameter. Due to the possibility of remanence, it is necessary to continue research after planting seedlings in plantations.