Author: "Bester A" / Publication Year Range: Last 3 years - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

1,475 results on '"Bester A"'

1. Mining the time axis with TRON. II. MeerKAT detects a stellar radio flare from a distant RS CVn candidate

Author: Smirnov, Oleg M., Golden, Aaron, Myburgh, Talon, Ngcebetsha, Buntu, Tasse, Cyril, Heywood, Ian, Ramaila, Athanaseus J. T., Thompson, Mark A., Kenyon, Jonathan S., Perkins, Simon J., Dawson, James, Bester, Hertzog L., Bright, Joe S., Oozeer, Nadeem, Samboco, Victoria G. G., Sihlangu, Isaac, and Choza, Carmen
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Medium-timescale (minutes to hours) radio transients are a relatively unexplored population. The wide field-of-view and high instantaneous sensitivity of instruments such as MeerKAT provides an opportunity to probe this class of sources, using image-plane detection techniques. The previous letter in this series describes our project and associated TRON pipeline designed to mine archival MeerKAT data for transient and variable sources. In this letter, we report on a new transient, a radio flare, associated with Gaia DR3 6865945581361480448, a G type star, whose parallax places it at a distance of 1334 pc. Its duration and high degree of circular polarization suggests electron cyclotron maser instability as the mechanism, consistent with an RS CVn variable., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to MNRAS Letters
Published: 2025

2. Mining the time axis with TRON. I. Millisecond pulsars in Omega Centauri, Terzan 5 and 47 Tucanae detected through MeerKAT interferometric imaging

Author: Smirnov, Oleg M., Heywood, Ian, Geyer, Marisa, Myburgh, Talon, Tasse, Cyril, Kenyon, Jonathan S., Perkins, Simon J., Dawson, James, Bester, Hertzog L., Bright, Joe S., Ngcebetsha, Buntu, Oozeer, Nadeem, Samboco, Victoria G. G., Sihlangu, Isaac, Choza, Carmen, and Siemion, Andrew P. V.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Medium-timescale (minutes to hours) radio transients are a relatively unexplored population. The wide field-of-view and high instantaneous sensitivity of instruments such as MeerKAT provides an opportunity to probe this class of sources, using image-plane detection techniques. We aim to systematically mine archival synthesis imaging data in order to search for medium-timescale transients and variables that are not detected by conventional long-track image synthesis techniques. We deploy a prototype blind transient and variable search pipeline named TRON. This processes calibrated visibility data, constructs high-time cadence images, performs a search for variability on multiple timescales, and extracts lightcurves for detected sources. As proof of concept, we apply it to three MeerKAT observations of globular clusters, known to host transient or variable sources. We detect a previously known eclipsing MSP suspected to be a `black widow' system, in the globular cluster Omega Centauri, with a light curve confirming the eclipsing nature of the emission. We detect a previously known `red back' eclipsing MSP in the globular cluster Terzan 5. Using observations of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, we detect two known millisecond pulsars (MSPs), and one previously reported MSP candidate, with hints of eclipsing behaviour., Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, published in MNRAS Letters
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Africanus I. Scalable, distributed and efficient radio data processing with Dask-MS and Codex Africanus

Author: Perkins, Simon J., Kenyon, Jonathan S., Andati, Lexy A. L., Bester, Hertzog L., Smirnov, Oleg M., and Hugo, Benjamin V.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: New radio interferometers such as MeerKAT, SKA, ngVLA, and DSA-2000 drive advancements in software for two key reasons. First, handling the vast data from these instruments requires subdivision and multi-node processing. Second, their improved sensitivity, achieved through better engineering and larger data volumes, demands new techniques to fully exploit it. This creates a critical challenge in radio astronomy software: pipelines must be optimized to process data efficiently, but unforeseen artefacts from increased sensitivity require ongoing development of new techniques. This leads to a trade-off among (1) performance, (2) flexibility, and (3) ease-of-development. Rigid designs often miss the full scope of the problem, while temporary research code is unsuitable for production. This work introduces a framework for developing radio astronomy techniques while balancing the above trade-offs. It prioritizes flexibility and ease-of-development alongside acceptable performance by leveraging Open Source data formats and software. To manage growing data volumes, data is distributed across multiple processors and nodes for parallel processing, utilizing HPC and cloud infrastructure. We present two Python libraries, Dask-MS and Codex Africanus, which enable distributed, high-performance radio astronomy software with Dask. Dask is a lightweight parallelization and distribution framework that integrates with the PyData ecosystem, addressing the "Big Data" challenges of radio astronomy., Comment: 20 pages, submitted to Astronomy & Computing
Published: 2024

4. Africanus IV. The Stimela2 framework: scalable and reproducible workflows, from local to cloud compute

Author: Smirnov, Oleg M., Makhathini, Sphesihle, Kenyon, Jonathan S., Bester, Hertzog L., Perkins, Simon J., Ramaila, Athanaseus J. T., and Hugo, Benjamin V.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Stimela2 is a new-generation framework for developing data reduction workflows. It is designed for radio astronomy data but can be adapted for other data processing applications. Stimela2 aims at the middle ground between ease of development, human readability, and enabling robust, scalable and reproducible workflows. It represents workflows by linear, concise and intuitive YAML-format "recipes". Atomic data reduction tasks (binary executables, Python functions and code, and CASA tasks) are described by YAML-format "cab definitions" detailing each task's "schema" (inputs and outputs). Stimela2 provides a rich syntax for chaining tasks together, and encourages a high degree of modularity: recipes may be nested into other recipes, and configuration is cleanly separated from recipe logic. Tasks can be executed natively or in isolated environments using containerization technologies such as Apptainer. The container images are open-source and maintained through a companion package called cult-cargo. This enables the development of system-agnostic and fully reproducible workflows. Stimela2 facilitates the deployment of scalable, distributed workflows by interfacing with the Slurm scheduler and the Kubernetes API. The latter allows workflows to be readily deployed in the cloud. Previous papers in this series used Stimela2 as the underlying technology to run workflows on the AWS cloud. This paper presents an overview of Stimela2's design, architecture and use in the radio astronomy context., Comment: 26 pages, submitted to Astronomy & Computing
Published: 2024

5. Africanus II. QuartiCal: calibrating radio interferometer data at scale using Numba and Dask

Author: Kenyon, Jonathan S., Perkins, Simon J., Bester, Hertzog L., Smirnov, Oleg M., Russeeawon, Cyndie, and Hugo, Benjamin V.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Calibration of radio interferometer data ought to be a solved problem; it has been an integral part of data reduction for some time. However, as larger, more sensitive radio interferometers are conceived and built, the calibration problem grows in both size and difficulty. The increasing size can be attributed to the fact that the data volume scales quadratically with the number of antennas in an array. Additionally, new instruments may have up to two orders of magnitude more channels than their predecessors. Simultaneously, increasing sensitivity is making calibration more challenging: low-level RFI and calibration artefacts (in the resulting images) which would previously have been subsumed by the noise may now limit dynamic range and, ultimately, the derived science. It is against this backdrop that we introduce QuartiCal: a new Python package implementing radio interferometric calibration routines. QuartiCal improves upon its predecessor, CubiCal, in terms of both flexibility and performance. Whilst the same mathematical framework - complex optimization using Wirtinger derivatives - is in use, the approach has been refined to support arbitrary length chains of parameterized gain terms. QuartiCal utilizes Dask, a library for parallel computing in Python, to express calibration as an embarrassingly parallel task graph. These task graphs can (with some constraints) be mapped onto a number of different hardware configurations, allowing QuartiCal to scale from running locally on consumer hardware to a distributed, cloud-based cluster. QuartiCal's qualitative behaviour is demonstrated using MeerKAT observations of PSR J2009-2026. These qualitative results are followed by an analysis of QuartiCal's performance in terms of wall time and memory footprint for a number of calibration scenarios and hardware configurations., Comment: 22 pages, submitted to Astronomy & Computing
Published: 2024

6. Africanus III. pfb-imaging -- a flexible radio interferometric imaging suite

Author: Bester, Hertzog L., Kenyon, Jonathan S., Repetti, Audrey, Perkins, Simon J., Smirnov, Oleg M., Blecher, Tariq, Mhiri, Yassine, Roth, Jakob, Heywood, Ian, Wiaux, Yves, and Hugo, Benjamin V.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The popularity of the CLEAN algorithm in radio interferometric imaging stems from its maturity, speed, and robustness. While many alternatives have been proposed in the literature, none have achieved mainstream adoption by astronomers working with data from interferometric arrays operating in the big data regime. This lack of adoption is largely due to increased computational complexity, absence of mature implementations, and the need for astronomers to tune obscure algorithmic parameters. This work introduces pfb-imaging: a flexible library that implements the scaffolding required to develop and accelerate general radio interferometric imaging algorithms. We demonstrate how the framework can be used to implement a sparsity-based image reconstruction technique known as (unconstrained) SARA in a way that scales with image size rather than data volume and features interpretable algorithmic parameters. The implementation is validated on terabyte-sized data from the MeerKAT telescope, using both a single compute node and Amazon Web Services computing instances., Comment: 29 pages, submitted to Astronomy & Computing
Published: 2024

7. Case Studies of Place-Based Education as Action to Address Health Inequities: The Health Commons

Author: Kathleen M. Clark, Katherine M. Martin, Amy K. Nelson, Michelle Ullery, and Vanessa S. Bester
Abstract: Place-based education, grounded in collaborative learning opportunities with minoritized communities, is vitally needed to change the health crises that impact our communities. Many current learning models focus on engaging in communities by centering on the deficits of particular populations or naming issues that affect individuals' health. This approach falls short of teaching students to be inclusive of those impacted by injustices such as health inequities. Many times, these learning experiences are one-time activities that are not sustainable over time. Thus, as anchor institutions, universities are responsible for using innovative learning strategies to allow students to develop skills to take action on these issues while partnering with other organizations. This paper will present a case study using the Health Commons model as an example of how institutions of higher education work with the community to implement an anchor institution framework. Stories and lessons learned from engaging in this work over the last three decades will highlight how anchor institutions in higher education can create change at the community level through place-based education. This case study highlights the significance of place-based learning for students, educators, and community partners. The essential concepts include: (1) knowledge is dynamic, (2) humility is crucial, (3) comfort with ambiguity is necessary, (4) health is interconnected with community, (5) continuous learning is vital, (6) withholding judgment is important, and (7) making time for critical self-reflection is imperative.
Published: 2024

8. Mitigating calibration errors from mutual coupling with time-domain filtering of 21 cm cosmological radio observations

Author: Charles, N., Kern, N. S., Pascua, R., Bernardi, G., Bester, L., Smirnov, O., Acedo, E. d. L., Abdurashidova, Z., Adams, T., Aguirre, J. E., Baartman, R., Beardsley, A. P., Berkhout, L. M., Billings, T. S., Bowman, J. D., Bull, P., Burba, J., Byrne, R., Carey, S., Chen, K., Choudhuri, S., Cox, T., DeBoer, D. R., Dexter, M., Dillon, J. S., Dynes, S., Eksteen, N., Ely, J., Ewall-Wice, A., Fritz, R., Furlanetto, S. R., Gale-Sides, K., Garsden, H., Gehlot, B. K., Ghosh, A., Gorce, A., Gorthi, D., Halday, Z., Hazelton, B. J., Hewitt, J. N., Hickish, J., Huang, T., Jacobs, D. C., Josaitis, A., Kerrigan, J., Kittiwisit, P., Kolopanis, M., Lanman, A., Liu, A., Ma, Y. -Z., MacMahon, D. H. E., Malan, L., Malgas, K., Malgas, C., Marero, B., Martinot, Z. E., McBride, L., Mesinger, A., Mohamed-Hinds, N., Molewa, M., Morales, M. F., Murray, S., Nikolic, B., Nuwegeld, H., Parsons, A. R., Patra, N., Plante, P. L., Qin, Y., Rath, E., Razavi-Ghods, N., Riley, D., Robnett, J., Rosie, K., Santos, M. G., Sims, P., Singh, S., Storer, D., Swarts, H., Tan, J., Wilensky, M. J., Williams, P. K. G., Wyngaarden, P. v., and Zheng, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The 21 cm transition from neutral Hydrogen promises to be the best observational probe of the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). This has led to the construction of low-frequency radio interferometric arrays, such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), aimed at systematically mapping this emission for the first time. Precision calibration, however, is a requirement in 21 cm radio observations. Due to the spatial compactness of HERA, the array is prone to the effects of mutual coupling, which inevitably lead to non-smooth calibration errors that contaminate the data. When unsmooth gains are used in calibration, intrinsically spectrally-smooth foreground emission begins to contaminate the data in a way that can prohibit a clean detection of the cosmological EoR signal. In this paper, we show that the effects of mutual coupling on calibration quality can be reduced by applying custom time-domain filters to the data prior to calibration. We find that more robust calibration solutions are derived when filtering in this way, which reduces the observed foreground power leakage. Specifically, we find a reduction of foreground power leakage by 2 orders of magnitude at k=0.5.
Published: 2024

9. GW effects on the topology of type-II Dirac cones in NiTe$_2$, PtSe$_2$ and PtTe$_2$

Author: Fischer, Franz, Torche, Abderrezak, Prada, Marta, and Bester, Gabriel
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Many-body correlations are known to be responsible for a broad range of fascinating physical phenomena, introducing corrections that appear elusive at the mean-field level. An example of this is the Lifshitz transition that occurs as the Fermi surface topology changes when {\it e.g.} Coulomb interaction effects break into the picture. In particular, the Fermi velocity renormalization can lead a type-II Weyl semimetal at mean-field level to become a trivial or a type-I Dirac material when correlations are accounted for, which is far from being obvious. In this work we scrutinize the band structure of NiTe$_2$, a material that features a type-II Dirac point near the Fermi level within the mean-field approach. Including GW-level correlations, our findings showcase anisotropic corrections on the Dirac carrier velocity exceeding $100 \, \%$ enhancements, underscoring the nuanced influence of electronic interactions in the band structure. We also consider type-II Dirac crossings in PtSe$_2$ and PtTe$_2$ and observe that including many-body effects via GW the band topology changes, featuring trivial topology and type-I Dirac crossings, respectively. Our findings highlights the necessity to evaluate the many-body effects on non-trivial bands, contributing essential insights to the broader exploration of many-body correlation effects in type-II Dirac points of condensed-matter systems., Comment: 9 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. A New Fibrin-Heparine Coated Self-Expanding Stent for the Rescue Treatment of Intracranial Stenosis—a Multicentric Study

Author: Dorn, Franziska, Voss, Yves Leonard, Zidan, Mousa, Neuhaus, Stephanie, Lehnen, Nils, Stracke, Paul, Schwindt, Wolfram, Ergawy, Mostafa, Dyzmann, Christian, Moehlenbruch, Markus, Jesser, Jessica, Vollherbst, Dominik, Moreu, Manuel, Pérez-García, Carlos, Bester, Maxim, Flottmann, Fabian, Simgen, Andreas, Schob, Stefan, Berlis, Ansgar, Maurer, Christoph, Buhk, Jan Hendrik, Hentschel, Hannah, Loehr, Christian, Eckert, Bernd, Saura, Javier, Delgado, Fernando, Paech, Daniel, and Nordmeyer, Hannes
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. The DERIVO 2 Heal Embolization Device in the Treatment of Ruptured and Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: a Retrospective Multicenter Study

Author: Schwab, Roland, Kabbasch, Christoph, Goertz, Lukas, Kaschner, Marius, Weiss, Daniel, Loehr, Christian, Wensing, Hauke, Bester, Maxim, Simgen, Andreas, Kemmling, André, Wendl, Christina, Fuchs, Erelle, Thormann, Maximilian, Behme, Daniel, and Nordmeyer, Hannes
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Discovery of a divergent apple stem pitting virus variant and development of an RT-PCR assay for improved detection in South African pear orchards

Author: Bougard, K., Maree, H. J., and Bester, R.
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Robust online drop detection for cochlear implant surgery

Author: Liu, Yuansan, Wijewickrema, Sudanthi, Bester, Christofer, O’Leary, Stephen, and Bailey, James
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Navigating stakeholder heterogeneity in carbon dioxide removal governance

Author: Malakar, Yuwan, Brent, Kerryn, Bester, Audrey, Gardner, John, Howard, Will, and Lenton, Andrew
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. fast-resolve: Fast Bayesian Radio Interferometric Imaging

Author: Roth, Jakob, Frank, Philipp, Bester, Hertzog L., Smirnov, Oleg M., Westermann, Rüdiger, and Enßlin, Torsten A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Context: Interferometric imaging is algorithmically and computationally challenging as there is no unique inversion from the measurement data back to the sky maps, and the datasets can be very large. Many imaging methods already exist, but most of them focus either on the accuracy or the computational aspect. Aims: This paper aims to reduce the computational complexity of the Bayesian imaging algorithm resolve, enabling the application of Bayesian imaging for larger datasets. Methods: By combining computational shortcuts of the CLEAN algorithm with the Bayesian imaging algorithm resolve we developed an accurate and fast imaging algorithm which we name fast-resolve. Results: We validate the accuracy of the presented fast-resolve algorithm by comparing it with results from resolve on VLA Cygnus A data. Furthermore, we demonstrate the computational advantages of fast-resolve on a large MeerKAT ESO 137-006 dataset which is computationally out of reach for resolve. Conclusions: The presented algorithm is significantly faster than previous Bayesian imaging algorithms, broadening the applicability of Bayesian interferometric imaging. Specifically for the single channel VLA Cygnus A datasets fast-resolve is about $144$ times faster than resolve. For the MeerKAT dataset with multiple channels the computational speedup of fast-resolve is even larger., Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Stochastic Diffusion: A Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Stochastic Time Series Forecasting

Author: Liu, Yuansan, Wijewickrema, Sudanthi, Hu, Dongting, Bester, Christofer, O'Leary, Stephen, and Bailey, James
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Recent innovations in diffusion probabilistic models have paved the way for significant progress in image, text and audio generation, leading to their applications in generative time series forecasting. However, leveraging such abilities to model highly stochastic time series data remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel Stochastic Diffusion (StochDiff) model which learns data-driven prior knowledge at each time step by utilizing the representational power of the stochastic latent spaces to model the variability of the multivariate time series data. The learnt prior knowledge helps the model to capture complex temporal dynamics and the inherent uncertainty of the data. This improves its ability to model highly stochastic time series data. Through extensive experiments on real-world datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model on stochastic time series forecasting. Additionally, we showcase an application of our model for real-world surgical guidance, highlighting its potential to benefit the medical community., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2024

17. Optical Properties of Gated Bilayer Graphene Quantum Dots with Trigonal Warping

Author: Albert, Matthew, Miravet, Daniel, Saleem, Yasser, Sadecka, Katarzyna, Korkusinski, Marek, Bester, Gabriel, and Hawrylak, Pawel
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: We determine the optical properties of gated bilayer graphene quantum dots with trigonal warping (TW) of single-particle energy spectra. The lateral structure of metallic gates confines electrons and holes in a quantum dot (QD) electrostatically. The gated bilayer graphene energy spectrum is characterized by two K-valleys surrounded by three minivalleys with energies depending on the applied vertical electric field. Employing an atomistic tight-binding model, we compute the single-particle QD states and analyze the influence of TW on the energy spectrum as the lateral confining potential depth varies. We find a regime where the QD levels are dominated by the presence of three minivalleys around each K-valley. Next, we compute dipole matrix elements and analyze the oscillator strengths and optical selection rules for optical valence to conduction band transitions. We then include electron-electron interactions by first computing the microscopic Coulomb matrix elements, electron self-energy, and solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation to obtain the excitonic spectrum. Finally, we obtain the absorption spectrum for a shallow confining potential depth, which further amplifies the effects of TW on the optical properties. Our results predict the existence of two degenerate bright exciton states, each built of the three minivalley states that do not exist in the deep confinement regime, where the effects of TW are negligible., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. The TruEnd-procedure: Treating trailing zero-valued balances in credit data

Author: Botha, Arno, Verster, Tanja, and Bester, Roelinde
Subjects: Quantitative Finance - Risk Management, Quantitative Finance - Statistical Finance, Statistics - Applications
Abstract: A novel procedure is presented for finding the true but latent endpoints within the repayment histories of individual loans. The monthly observations beyond these true endpoints are false, largely due to operational failures that delay account closure, thereby corrupting some loans in the dataset with `false' observations. Detecting these false observations is difficult at scale since each affected loan history might have a different sequence of zero (or very small) month-end balances that persist towards the end. Identifying these trails of diminutive balances would require an exact definition of a "small balance", which can be found using our so-called TruEnd-procedure. We demonstrate this procedure and isolate the ideal small-balance definition using residential mortgages from a large South African bank. Evidently, corrupted loans are remarkably prevalent and have excess histories that are surprisingly long, which ruin the timing of certain risk events and compromise any subsequent time-to-event model such as survival analysis. Excess histories can be discarded using the ideal small-balance definition, which demonstrably improves the accuracy of both the predicted timing and severity of risk events, without materially impacting the monetary value of the portfolio. The resulting estimates of credit losses are lower and less biased, which augurs well for raising accurate credit impairments under the IFRS 9 accounting standard. Our work therefore addresses a pernicious data error, which highlights the pivotal role of data preparation in producing credible forecasts of credit risk., Comment: 21 pages, 7545 words, 10 Figures
Published: 2024

19. Exciton-Phonon Coupling in Single Band-Gap Engineered ZnCdSe-Dot/CdS-Rod Nanocrystals

Author: Johst, Florian, Rebmann, Jannik, Werners, Hans, Klemeyer, Lars, Kesavan, Jagadesh Kopula, Koziej, Dorota, Strelow, Christian, Bester, Gabriel, Mews, Alf, and Kipp, Tobias
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract: Exciton-phonon coupling limits the homogeneous emission linewidth of nanocrystals. Hence, a full understanding of it is crucial. In this work, we statistically investigate exciton-phonon coupling by performing single-particle spectroscopy on Zn$_{1-x}$Cd$_{x}$Se/CdS dot-in-rod nanocrystals at cryogenic temperatures ($T\approx 10~\rm{K}$). In situ cation exchange enables us to analyze different band alignments and thereby different charge-carrier distributions. We find that the relative intensities of the longitudinal optical S- and Se-type phonon replicas correlate with the charge-carrier distribution. Our experimental findings are complemented with quantum mechanical calculations within the effective mass approximation that hint at the relevance of surface charges., Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2024

20. Molecular Epidemiology and AMR Perspective of Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author: Kalule, John Bosco, Bester, Linda A., Banda, Daniel L., Derra, Firehiwot Abera, Msefula, Chisomo, Smith, Anthony M., Ajayi, Abraham, Kumburu, Happiness, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Yamba, Kaunda, Mwaba, John, Fakim, Yasmina J., Sithole, Nyasha, Kanzi, Aquillah M., Njage, Patrick M. K., Chikuse, Francis, Tessema, Sofonias K., Smith, Stella I., and Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Time Series Representation Learning with Supervised Contrastive Temporal Transformer

Author: Liu, Yuansan, Wijewickrema, Sudanthi, Bester, Christofer, O'Leary, Stephen, and Bailey, James
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Finding effective representations for time series data is a useful but challenging task. Several works utilize self-supervised or unsupervised learning methods to address this. However, there still remains the open question of how to leverage available label information for better representations. To answer this question, we exploit pre-existing techniques in time series and representation learning domains and develop a simple, yet novel fusion model, called: \textbf{S}upervised \textbf{CO}ntrastive \textbf{T}emporal \textbf{T}ransformer (SCOTT). We first investigate suitable augmentation methods for various types of time series data to assist with learning change-invariant representations. Secondly, we combine Transformer and Temporal Convolutional Networks in a simple way to efficiently learn both global and local features. Finally, we simplify Supervised Contrastive Loss for representation learning of labelled time series data. We preliminarily evaluate SCOTT on a downstream task, Time Series Classification, using 45 datasets from the UCR archive. The results show that with the representations learnt by SCOTT, even a weak classifier can perform similar to or better than existing state-of-the-art models (best performance on 23/45 datasets and highest rank against 9 baseline models). Afterwards, we investigate SCOTT's ability to address a real-world task, online Change Point Detection (CPD), on two datasets: a human activity dataset and a surgical patient dataset. We show that the model performs with high reliability and efficiency on the online CPD problem ($\sim$98\% and $\sim$97\% area under precision-recall curve respectively). Furthermore, we demonstrate the model's potential in tackling early detection and show it performs best compared to other candidates., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, IJCNN 2024
Published: 2024

22. Empirical Band-Gap Correction for LDA-Derived Atomic Effective Pseudopotentials

Author: Kumar, Surender, Bui, Hanh, and Bester, Gabriel
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Atomic effective pseudopotentials enable atomistic calculations at the level of accuracy of density functional theory for semiconductor nanostructures with up to fifty thousand atoms. Since they are directly derived from ab-initio calculations performed in the local density approximation (LDA), they inherit the typical underestimated band gaps and effective masses. We propose an empirical correction based on the modification of the non-local part of the pseudopotential and demonstrate good performance for bulk binary materials (InP, ZnS, HgTe, GaAs) and quantum dots (InP, CdSe, GaAs) with diameters ranging from 1.0 nm to 4.45 nm. Additionally, we provide a simple analytic expression to obtain accurate quasiparticle and optical band gaps for InP, CdSe, and GaAs QDs, from standard LDA calculation.
Published: 2024

23. Superexchange Mechanism in Coupled Triangulenes Forming Spin-1 Chains

Author: Saleem, Yasser, Steenbock, Torben, Alhadi, Emha Riyadhul Jinan, Pasek, Weronika, Bester, Gabriel, and Potasz, Pawel
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: We show that the origin of the antiferromagnetic coupling in spin-1 triangulene chains, which were recently synthesized and measured by Mishra et al. Nature 598, 287-292 (2021) originates from a superexchange mechanism. This process, mediated by inter-triangulene states, opens the possibility to control parameters in the effective bilinear-biquadratic spin model. We start from the derivation of an effective tight-binding model for triangulene chains using a combination of tight-binding and Hartree-Fock methods fitted to hybrid density functional theory results. Next, correlation effects are investigated within the configuration interaction method. Our low-energy many-body spectrum for $N_{\rm Tr}=2$ and $N_{\rm Tr}=4$ triangulene chains agree well with the bilinear-biquadratic spin-1 chain antiferromagnetic model when indirect coupling processes, and superexchange coupling between triangulene spins are taken into account.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Towards Financially Inclusive Credit Products Through Financial Time Series Clustering

Author: Bester, Tristan and Rosman, Benjamin
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Quantitative Finance - Statistical Finance
Abstract: Financial inclusion ensures that individuals have access to financial products and services that meet their needs. As a key contributing factor to economic growth and investment opportunity, financial inclusion increases consumer spending and consequently business development. It has been shown that institutions are more profitable when they provide marginalised social groups access to financial services. Customer segmentation based on consumer transaction data is a well-known strategy used to promote financial inclusion. While the required data is available to modern institutions, the challenge remains that segment annotations are usually difficult and/or expensive to obtain. This prevents the usage of time series classification models for customer segmentation based on domain expert knowledge. As a result, clustering is an attractive alternative to partition customers into homogeneous groups based on the spending behaviour encoded within their transaction data. In this paper, we present a solution to one of the key challenges preventing modern financial institutions from providing financially inclusive credit, savings and insurance products: the inability to understand consumer financial behaviour, and hence risk, without the introduction of restrictive conventional credit scoring techniques. We present a novel time series clustering algorithm that allows institutions to understand the financial behaviour of their customers. This enables unique product offerings to be provided based on the needs of the customer, without reliance on restrictive credit practices., Comment: 9 Pages, 9 Figures, Published in AAAI W5: AI in Finance for Social Impact
Published: 2024

25. Prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization in a polluted and industrialized area: a pilot study in South Africa’s Vaal Triangle

Author: Gharbi, Dorra, Neumann, Frank Harald, Staats, Jurgens, McDonald, Marinda, Linde, Jo-hanné, Mmatladi, Tshiamo, Podile, Keneilwe, Piketh, Stuart, Burger, Roelof, Garland, Rebecca M., Bester, Petra, Lebre, Pedro Humberto, and Ricci, Cristian
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Territoriality in adult male sub-Antarctic fur seals at Gough Island

Author: Bester, M. N. and Rossouw, G. J.
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Beyond the K-valley: exploring unique trion states in indirect band gap monolayer WSe2

Author: Carl Emil Mørch Nielsen, Franz Fischer, and Gabriel Bester
Subjects: Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Abstract We calculate the optical properties of monolayer WSe2 using ab initio many-body screened configuration interaction. For this indirect band gap material we describe additional species of negatively charged trions involving the Q-valley which are energetically more favorable than those formed at the K-valley. While the results are in excellent agreement with experimental data, they shed new light on observed but yet unaddressed optical features. The analysis of the many-body interactions reveals mechanisms behind increased singlet-triplet splitting and redshifted energies in these Q-valley trions, compared to K-valley trions.
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Improving the Activity and Selectivity of a Scorpion-Derived Peptide, A3a, against Acinetobacter baumannii through Rational Design

Author: Dalton S. Möller, Mandelie van der Walt, Carel Oosthuizen, Miruna Serian, June C. Serem, Christian D. Lorenz, A. James Mason, Megan J. Bester, and Anabella R. M. Gaspar
Subjects: Chemistry, QD1-999
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. The RATT PARROT: serendipitous discovery of a peculiarly scintillating pulsar in MeerKAT imaging observations of the Great Saturn-Jupiter Conjunction of 2020. I. Dynamic imaging and data analysis

Author: Smirnov, O. M., Stappers, B. W., Tasse, C., Bester, H. L., Bignall, H., Walker, M. A., Caleb, M., Rajwade, K. M., Buchner, S., Woudt, P., Ivchenko, M., Roth, L., Noordam, J. E., and Camilo, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report on a radiopolarimetric observation of the Saturn-Jupiter Great Conjunction of 2020 using the MeerKAT L-band system, initially carried out for science verification purposes, which yielded a serendipitous discovery of a pulsar. The radiation belts of Jupiter are very bright and time variable: coupled with the sensitivity of MeerKAT, this necessitated development of dynamic imaging techniques, reported on in this work. We present a deep radio "movie" revealing Jupiter's rotating magnetosphere, a radio detection of Callisto, and numerous background radio galaxies. We also detect a bright radio transient in close vicinity to Saturn, lasting approximately 45 minutes. Follow-up deep imaging observations confirmed this as a faint compact variable radio source, and yielded detections of pulsed emission by the commensal MeerTRAP search engine, establishing the object's nature as a radio emitting neutron star, designated PSR J2009-2026. A further observation combining deep imaging with the PTUSE pulsar backend measured detailed dynamic spectra for the object. While qualitatively consistent with scintillation, the magnitude of the magnification events and the characteristic timescales are odd. We are tentatively designating this object a pulsar with anomalous refraction recurring on odd timescales (PARROT). As part of this investigation, we present a pipeline for detection of variable sources in imaging data, with dynamic spectra and lightcurves as the products, and compare dynamic spectra obtained from visibility data with those yielded by PTUSE. We discuss MeerKAT's capabilities and prospects for detecting more of such transients and variables., Comment: 21 pages, 17 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2023

30. Counting Reward Automata: Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning Through the Exploitation of Reward Function Structure

Author: Bester, Tristan, Rosman, Benjamin, James, Steven, and Tasse, Geraud Nangue
Subjects: Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, I.2, F.4
Abstract: We present counting reward automata-a finite state machine variant capable of modelling any reward function expressible as a formal language. Unlike previous approaches, which are limited to the expression of tasks as regular languages, our framework allows for tasks described by unrestricted grammars. We prove that an agent equipped with such an abstract machine is able to solve a larger set of tasks than those utilising current approaches. We show that this increase in expressive power does not come at the cost of increased automaton complexity. A selection of learning algorithms are presented which exploit automaton structure to improve sample efficiency. We show that the state machines required in our formulation can be specified from natural language task descriptions using large language models. Empirical results demonstrate that our method outperforms competing approaches in terms of sample efficiency, automaton complexity, and task completion., Comment: 14 pages, 11 Figures, Published in AAAI W25: Neuro-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning in the era of Large Language Models (NuCLeaR)
Published: 2023

31. Time-Transformer: Integrating Local and Global Features for Better Time Series Generation

Author: Liu, Yuansan, Wijewickrema, Sudanthi, Li, Ang, Bester, Christofer, O'Leary, Stephen, and Bailey, James
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Generating time series data is a promising approach to address data deficiency problems. However, it is also challenging due to the complex temporal properties of time series data, including local correlations as well as global dependencies. Most existing generative models have failed to effectively learn both the local and global properties of time series data. To address this open problem, we propose a novel time series generative model named 'Time-Transformer AAE', which consists of an adversarial autoencoder (AAE) and a newly designed architecture named 'Time-Transformer' within the decoder. The Time-Transformer first simultaneously learns local and global features in a layer-wise parallel design, combining the abilities of Temporal Convolutional Networks and Transformer in extracting local features and global dependencies respectively. Second, a bidirectional cross attention is proposed to provide complementary guidance across the two branches and achieve proper fusion between local and global features. Experimental results demonstrate that our model can outperform existing state-of-the-art models in 5 out of 6 datasets, specifically on those with data containing both global and local properties. Furthermore, we highlight our model's advantage on handling this kind of data via an artificial dataset. Finally, we show our model's ability to address a real-world problem: data augmentation to support learning with small datasets and imbalanced datasets., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures and 16 tables. SDM24
Published: 2023

32. The SARAO MeerKAT 1.3 GHz Galactic Plane Survey

Author: Goedhart, S., Cotton, W. D., Camilo, F., Thompson, M. A., Umana, G., Bietenholz, M., Woudt, P. A., Anderson, L. D., Bordiu, C., Buckley, D. A. H., Buemi, C. S., Bufano, F., Cavallaro, F., Chen, H., Chibueze, J. O., Egbo, D., Frank, B. S., Hoare, M. G., Ingallinera, A., Irabor, T., Kraan-Korteweg, R. C., Kurapati, S., Leto, P., Loru, S., Mutale, M., Obonyo, W. O., Plavin, A., Rajohnson, S. H. A., Rigby, A., Riggi, S., Seidu, M., Serra, P., Smart, B. M., Stappers, B. W., Steyn, N., Surnis, M., Trigilio, C., Williams, G. M., Abbott, T. D., Adam, R. M., Asad, K. M. B., Baloyi, T., Bauermeister, E. F., Bennet, T. G. H., Bester, H., Botha, A. G., Brederode, L. R. S., Buchner, S., Burger, J. P., Cheetham, T., Cloete, K., de Villiers, M. S., de Villiers, D. I. L., Toit, L. J. du, Esterhuyse, S. W. P., Fanaroff, B. L., Fourie, D. J., Gamatham, R. R. G., Gatsi, T. G., Geyer, M., Gouws, M., Gumede, S. C., Heywood, I., Hokwana, A., Hoosen, S. W., Horn, D. M., Horrell, L. M. G., Hugo, B. V., Isaacson, A. I., Józsa, G. I. G., Jonas, J. L., Jordaan, J. D. B. L., Joubert, A. F., Julie, R. P. M., Kapp, F. B., Kriek, N., Kriel, H., Krishnan, V. K., Kusel, T. W., Legodi, L. S., Lehmensiek, R., Lord, R. T., Macfarlane, P. S., Magnus, L. G., Magozore, C., Main, J. P. L., Malan, J. A., Manley, J. R., Marais, S. J., Maree, M. D. J., Martens, A., Maruping, P., McAlpine, K., Merry, B. C., Mgodeli, M., Millenaar, R. P., Mokone, O. J., Monama, T. E., New, W. S., Ngcebetsha, B., Ngoasheng, K. J., Nicolson, G. D., Ockards, M. T., Oozeer, N., Passmoor, S. S., Patel, A. A., Peens-Hough, A., Perkins, S. J., Ramaila, A. J. T., Ratcliffe, S. M., Renil, R., Richter, L. L., Salie, S., Sambu, N., Schollar, C. T. G., Schwardt, L. C., Schwartz, R. L., Serylak, M., Siebrits, R., Sirothia, S. K., Slabber, M. J., Smirnov, O. M., Tiplady, A. J., van Balla, T. J., van der Byl, A., Van Tonder, V., Venter, A. J., Venter, M., Welz, M. G., and Williams, L. P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present the SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey (SMGPS), a 1.3 GHz continuum survey of almost half of the Galactic Plane (251\deg $\le l \le$ 358\deg and 2\deg $\le l \le$ 61\deg at $|b| \le 1.5\deg $). SMGPS is the largest, most sensitive and highest angular resolution 1 GHz survey of the Plane yet carried out, with an angular resolution of 8" and a broadband RMS sensitivity of $\sim$10--20 $\mu$ Jy/beam. Here we describe the first publicly available data release from SMGPS which comprises data cubes of frequency-resolved images over 908--1656 MHz, power law fits to the images, and broadband zeroth moment integrated intensity images. A thorough assessment of the data quality and guidance for future usage of the data products are given. Finally, we discuss the tremendous potential of SMGPS by showcasing highlights of the Galactic and extragalactic science that it permits. These highlights include the discovery of a new population of non-thermal radio filaments; identification of new candidate supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae and planetary nebulae; improved radio/mid-IR classification of rare Luminous Blue Variables and discovery of associated extended radio nebulae; new radio stars identified by Bayesian cross-matching techniques; the realisation that many of the largest radio-quiet WISE HII region candidates are not true HII regions; and a large sample of previously undiscovered background HI galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. The data release is live and links can be found in the Data Availability Statement in the paper
Published: 2023

33. Electrically Tunable Fine Structure of Negatively Charged Excitons in Gated Bilayer Graphene Quantum Dots

Author: Sadecka, Katarzyna, Saleem, Yasser, Miravet, Daniel, Albert, Matthew, Korkusinski, Marek, Bester, Gabriel, and Hawrylak, Pawel
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: We predict here the fine structure of an electrically tunable negatively charged exciton (trion) composed of two electrons and a hole confined in a gated bilayer graphene quantum dot (QD). We start with an atomistic approach, allowing us to compute confined electron and confined hole QD states for a structure containing over one million atoms. Using atomistic wavefunctions we compute Coulomb matrix elements and self-energies. In the next step, by solving the Bethe-Salpeter-like equation for trions, we describe a negatively charged exciton, built as a strongly interacting interlayer complex of two electrons in the conduction band and one hole in the valence band. Unlike in conventional semiconducting QDs, we show that the trion contains a fine structure composed of ten states arising from the valley and spin degrees of freedom. Finally, we obtain absorption into and emission from the trion states. We predict the existence of bright low-energy states and propose to extract the fine structure of the trion using the temperature dependence of emission spectra.
Published: 2023

34. Determination of the phonon sidebands in the photoluminescence spectrum of semiconductor nanoclusters from ab initio calculations

Author: Han, Peng and Bester, Gabriel
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: We propose a theoretical approach based on (constrained) density functional theory and the Franck-Condon approximation for the calculation of the temperature dependent photoluminescence of nanostructures. The method is computationally advantageous and only slightly more demanding than a standard density functional theory calculation and includes transitions into multiphonon final states (higher class transitions). We use the approach for Si and CdSe colloidal nanoclusters (NCs) with up to 693 atoms and obtain very good agreement with experiment which allows us to identify specific peaks and explain their origin. Generally, breathing type modes are shown to dominate the phonon replicas, while optical modes have significant contributions for CdSe NCs and play a lesser role in Si NCs. We obtain significant anti-Stokes peak starting at 140K for Si NC explaining the broadening observed in the corresponding experiment. We also apply the method to small molecular-like carbon structures (diamondoids), where electron-phonon coupling is typically large, and find that multiphonon processes (up to class 4) are very relevant and necessary to compare favorably with experiment. While it is crucial to include these multiphonon states in the small diamondoids with few tens of atoms, neglecting them in only marginally larger Si$_{87}$H$_{76}$ and Cd$_{43}$Se$_{44}$H$^*_{76}$ (and larger) quantum dots represents a good approximation., Comment: Corrected version of Physical Review B 106, 245404 (2022). An Erratum of this article will be published shortly with PRB as well. This pdf is provided for convenience, please cite the original PRB reference including the erratum reference
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Applying volumetric electron microscopy to visualize xylem tissue impacted by citrus tristeza virus-induced stem pitting

Author: Aldrich, Dirk Jacobus, Kriel, Jurgen, Bester, Rachelle, Burger, Johan Theodorus, and Maree, Hans Jacob
Subjects: CTV, 3DEM, SBF-SEM, Software renderings, Biological staining
Abstract: Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) causes several disease syndromes in different citrus hosts; namely quick decline, seedling yellows and stem pitting. CTV-induced stem pitting leads to substantial economic losses in sensitive citrus varieties, including grapefruit. The formation of stem pits has previously been linked to the ability of the virus to colonize xylem tissue outside of its typical phloem limitation, thereby disrupting normal xylem development. The nature of this compromised tissue has not been fully elucidated. In this study, stem pits were characterized at the molecular anatomical level using a combination of techniques to better understand the characteristics of the xylem and phloem tissues impacted by severe pitting. Biological staining was used to visualize CTV-induced stem pitting and was complemented with a novel technology that has not previously been used to study CTV-induced stem pitting, namely serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM). This proof-of-concept study yielded new insights into the morphology of stem pitting-affected tissue. The utility of SBF-SEM for stem pitting characterization was also demonstrated and an optimized protocol for its application on hard, woody material is presented.
Published: 2024

36. Exploring the value of ecosystem services at health clinic gardens in a South African context

Author: Gwedla, N., Muller, M., Cilliers, S. S., Niesing, C., Bester, P., and Du Toit, M.J.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Assessing the Difficulty and Long-Term Retention of Factual and Conceptual Knowledge Through Multiple-Choice Questions: A Longitudinal Study

Author: Haycocks NG, Hernandez-Moreno J, Bester JC, Hernandez Jnr R, Kalili R, Samrao D, Simanton E, and Vida TA
Subjects: medical education assessment, multiple choice questions (mcqs), long-term knowledge retention, conceptual learning, cognitive function testing, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Neil G Haycocks,1,2 Jessica Hernandez-Moreno,3 Johan C Bester,4 Robert Hernandez Jnr,3 Rosalie Kalili,3 Daman Samrao,3 Edward Simanton,3 Thomas A Vida3 1Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 2Utah Office of the Medical Examiner, Taylorsville, UT, USA; 3Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, USA; 4Office of Curricular Affairs and Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USACorrespondence: Thomas A Vida, Email thomas.vida@unlv.eduPurpose: Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are the mainstay in examinations for medical education, physician licensing, and board certification. Traditionally, MCQs tend to test rote recall of memorized facts. Their utility in assessing higher cognitive functions has been more problematic to determine. This work evaluates and compares the difficulty and long-term retention of factual versus conceptual knowledge using multiple-choice questions in a longitudinal study.Patients and Methods: We classified a series of MCQs into two groups to test recall/verbatim and conceptual/inferential thinking, respectively. We used the MCQs to test a two-part hypothesis: 1) scores for recall/verbatim questions would be significantly higher than for concept/inference questions, and 2) memory loss over time would be more significant for factual knowledge than conceptual understanding compared with a loss in the ability to reason about concepts critically. We first used the MCQs with pre-clinical medical students on a summative exam in 2020, which served as a retrospective benchmark of their performance characteristics. After two years, the same questions were re-administered to volunteers from the same cohort of students in 2020.Results: Retrospective analysis revealed that recall/verbatim questions were answered correctly more frequently (82.0% vs 60.9%, P = 0.002). Performance on concept/inference questions showed a significant decline, but a larger decline was observed for recall/verbatim questions after two years. Performance on concept/inference questions showed a slight decline across quartiles, while two years later, recall/verbatim questions experienced substantial performance loss. Subgroup analysis indicated convergence in performance on both question types, suggesting that the clinical relevance of the MCQ content may have influenced a regression toward a baseline mean.Conclusion: These findings suggest conceptual/inferential thinking is more complex than rote memorization. However, the knowledge acquired is more durable in a longitudinal fashion, especially if it is reinforced in clinical settings.Keywords: medical education assessment, multiple choice questions (MCQs), long-term knowledge retention, conceptual learning, cognitive function testing
Published: 2024

38. Applying infectious clones and untargeted metabolite profiling to characterize citrus tristeza virus-induced stem pitting in citrus

Author: D. J. Aldrich, M. Taylor, R. Bester, C. A. El-Mohtar, J. T. Burger, and H. J. Maree
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) causes economically important stem pitting in sensitive citrus types however the exact mechanisms of stem pitting development in citrus remain unclear. In this study, CTV infectious clones were used to study stem pitting induction in ‘Duncan’ grapefruit and ‘Mexican’ lime. A panel of open reading frame (ORF) replacement clones was generated focusing on the CTV ORFs implicated in stem pitting development and pathogenicity, namely p33, p18, p13 and p23. ORF replacements from severe- and mild-pitting CTV isolates were introduced into a mild-pitting infectious clone (genotype T36) to determine if stem pitting could be induced. A broad range of stem pitting outcomes were observed with ORF p18 (from isolate T3-KB) and ORF p23 (from isolate GFMS12-1.3) associated with enhanced stem pitting development. Metabolomic trends underlying the different stem pitting outcomes were further assessed by untargeted metabolite profiling. In each citrus host, the metabolite profiling identified statistically significant compounds that differed between stem pitting groups. These compounds were mainly phenolic acids and phenolic glycosides and are known to function as antioxidant and stress-signaling molecules. These metabolites can serve as targets for future time-course observations to potentially use mass spectrometry profiling to inform CTV management practices.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Co-Inoculation of Soybean Seeds with Azospirillum and/or Rhizophagus Mitigates the Deleterious Effects of Waterlogging in Plants under Enhanced CO2 Concentrations

Author: Eduardo Pereira Shimoia, Douglas Antônio Posso, Cristiane Jovelina da-Silva, Adriano Udich Bester, Nathalia Dalla Corte Bernardi, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho, Ana Cláudia Barneche de Oliveira, Luis Antonio de Avila, and Luciano do Amarante
Subjects: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, climate changes, diazotrophic bacteria, Glycine max (L.) Merril, hypoxia, nitrogen support, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Rising CO2 levels, as predicted by global climate models, are altering environmental factors such as the water cycle, leading to soil waterlogging and reduced oxygen availability for plant roots. These conditions result in decreased energy production, increased fermentative metabolism, impaired nutrient uptake, reduced nitrogen fixation, and altered leaf gas exchanges, ultimately reducing crop productivity. Co-inoculation techniques involving multiple plant growth-promoting bacteria or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have shown promise in enhancing plant resilience to stress by improving nutrient uptake, biomass production, and nitrogen fixation. This study aimed to investigate carbon and nitrogen metabolism adaptations in soybean plants co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Azospirillum brasilense, and Rhizophagus intraradices under waterlogged conditions in CO2-enriched environments. Plants were grown in pots in open-top chambers at ambient CO2 concentration (a[CO2]) and elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]). After reaching the V5 growth stage, the plants were subjected to waterlogging for seven days, followed by a four-day reoxygenation period. The results showed that plants’ co-inoculation under e[CO2] mitigated the adverse effects of waterlogging. Notably, plants inoculated solely with B. elkanii under e[CO2] displayed results similar to co-inoculated plants under a[CO2], suggesting that co-inoculation effectively mitigates the waterlogging stress, with plant physiological traits comparable to those observed under elevated CO2 conditions.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Selection of rice genotypes based on agronomic traits and commercial grain quality

Author: Adriano Udich Bester, Ivan Carvalho, Murilo Vieira Loro, Paulo Henrique Karling Facchinello, Leonardo Cesar Pradebon, Jaqueline Piesanti Sangiovo, Gabriel Almeida Aguiar, Eduardo Anibele Streck, and Ariano Martins de Magalhães Júnior
Subjects: oryza sativa, adaptability, stability, selection index, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Technology
Abstract: The study aimed to select rice genotypes based on agronomic traits and commercial grain quality. The study was carried out in the 2014/15 and 2015/16 harvests in eight growing environments, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Fourteen rice genotypes were sown in each environment. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The following agronomic traits were evaluated: number of days to flowering and grain yield as well as commercial grain quality traits: percentage of whole grains and percentage of chalky area in the grains. AMMI, GGE and MGIDI methodologies were used to select the best performing genotypes. Using the AMMI, GGE and MGDI methods, genotypes G9 and G1 performed close to the ideal ideotype for the number of days to grain flowering, yield and quality.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Transmuting Childhood Trauma: A Case Study Exploring the Impact of Childhood Trauma on the Career Choice and Teaching Experiences of Special Education Teachers

Author: Monica Bester
Abstract: In recent years, there has been a growing body of research on childhood trauma and its potential effects on the development of a child into adulthood. The findings of this research indicate that those who have undergone traumatic experiences might demonstrate effects in their behavior, interactions with others, management of stressful situations, and even in their career decisions as they mature in age. As research on the impact of trauma on career choices continues to expand, this study looks at trauma's impact on the experiences and decisions of Special Education Teachers. This qualitative case study uses Contemporary Trauma Theory as a conceptual framework to explore how childhood trauma has impacted the career choice and teaching experiences of five Special Education teachers who teach students who have also experienced trauma. The findings illustrate how Special Education teachers, administration, and teacher preparation programs can leverage teachers' personal experiences of trauma to incorporate co-regulation techniques, enhancing teacher-student relationships within a trauma-informed environment. The experiences of Special Education teachers demonstrate how adverse life situations can be transformed into positive influences on the next generation of change agents. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
Published: 2024

42. Determinants of mortality status and population attributable risk fractions of the North West Province, South African site of the international PURE study

Author: Ricci, Cristian, Kruger, Iolanthe M., Kruger, Herculina S., Breet, Yolandi, Moss, Sarah J., van Oort, Abie, Bester, Petra, and Pieters, Marlien
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Integration of transcription regulation and functional genomic data reveals lncRNA SNHG6’s role in hematopoietic differentiation and leukemia

Author: Hazan, Joshua M., Amador, Raziel, Ali-Nasser, Tahleel, Lahav, Tamar, Shotan, Stav Roni, Steinberg, Miryam, Cohen, Ziv, Aran, Dvir, Meiri, David, Assaraf, Yehuda G., Guigó, Roderic, and Bester, Assaf C.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. 'Cyclopia subternata' growth, yield, proline and relative water content in response to water deficit stress

Author: Mahlare, M S, Lewu, M N, Lewu, F B, and Bester, C
Published: 2023

45. A Clear Midnight by Simon Sargon: The Joy of Walt Whitman’s Poetry

Author: Bester, Christian
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Accurate force-field methodology capturing atomic reconstructions in transition metal dichalcogenide moir\'e systems

Author: Nielsen, Carl Emil Mørch, da Cruz, Miguel, Torche, Abderrazak, and Bester, Gabriel
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: In this work, a generalized force-field methodology for the relaxation of large moir\'e heterostructures is proposed. The force-field parameters are optimized to accurately reproduce the structural degrees of freedom of some computationally manageable cells relaxed using density functional theory. The parameters can then be used to handle large moir\'e systems. We specialize to the case of 2H-phased twisted transition-metal dichalcogenide homo- and heterobilayers using a combination of the Stillinger-Weber intralayer- and the Kolmogorov-Crespi interlayer-potential. Force-field parameters are developed for all combinations of MX$_2$ for $\text{M}\in\{\text{Mo},\text{W}\}$ and $\text{X}\in\{\text{S},\text{Se},\text{Te}\}$. The results show agreement within 20 meV in terms of band structure between density functional theory and force-field relaxation. Using the relaxed structures, a simplified and systematic scheme for the extraction of the interlayer moir\'e potential is presented for both R- and H-stacked systems. We show that in-plane and out-of-plane relaxation effects on the moir\'e potential, which is made both deeper and wider after relaxation, are essential. An interpolation based methodology for the calculation of the interlayer binding energy is also proposed. Finally, we show that atomic reconstruction, which is captured by the force-field method, becomes especially prominent for angles below 4-5$^\circ$, when there is no mismatch in lattice constant between layers., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures. Accepted by and to be published in Physical Review B
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Lossy Compression of Large-Scale Radio Interferometric Data

Author: Atemkeng, M, Perkins, S, Seck, E, Makhathini, S, Smirnov, O, Bester, L, and Hugo, B
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Mathematics - Statistics Theory
Abstract: This work proposes to reduce visibility data volume using a baseline-dependent lossy compression technique that preserves smearing at the edges of the field-of-view. We exploit the relation of the rank of a matrix and the fact that a low-rank approximation can describe the raw visibility data as a sum of basic components where each basic component corresponds to a specific Fourier component of the sky distribution. As such, the entire visibility data is represented as a collection of data matrices from baselines, instead of a single tensor. The proposed methods are formulated as follows: provided a large dataset of the entire visibility data; the first algorithm, named $simple~SVD$ projects the data into a regular sampling space of rank$-r$ data matrices. In this space, the data for all the baselines has the same rank, which makes the compression factor equal across all baselines. The second algorithm, named $BDSVD$ projects the data into an irregular sampling space of rank$-r_{pq}$ data matrices. The subscript $pq$ indicates that the rank of the data matrix varies across baselines $pq$, which makes the compression factor baseline-dependent. MeerKAT and the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network are used as reference telescopes to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed methods against traditional methods, such as traditional averaging and baseline-dependent averaging (BDA). For the same spatial resolution threshold, both $simple~SVD$ and $BDSVD$ show effective compression by two-orders of magnitude higher than traditional averaging and BDA. At the same space-saving rate, there is no decrease in spatial resolution and there is a reduction in the noise variance in the data which improves the S/N to over $1.5$ dB at the edges of the field-of-view.
Published: 2023

48. Higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trialResearch in context

Author: O. Abani, A. Abbas, F. Abbas, J. Abbas, K. Abbas, M. Abbas, S. Abbasi, H. Abbass, A. Abbott, N. Abdallah, A. Abdelaziz, M. Abdelfattah, B. Abdelqader, A. Abdul, B. Abdul, S. Abdul, A. Abdul Rasheed, A. Abdulakeem, R. Abdul-Kadir, A. Abdullah, A. Abdulmumeen, R. Abdul-Raheem, N. Abdulshukkoor, K. Abdusamad, Y. Abed El Khaleq, M. Abedalla, A. Abeer Ul Amna, L. Abel, K. Abernethy, M. Abeywickrema, C. Abhinaya, A. Abidin, A. Aboaba, A. Aboagye-Odei, C. Aboah, H. Aboelela, H. Abo-Leyah, K. Abouelela, A. Abou-Haggar, M. Abouibrahim, A. Abousamra, M. Abouzaid, M. Abraham, T. Abraham, A. Abraheem, J. Abrams, R. Abrams, H.J. Abu, A. Abu-Arafeh, S.M. Abubacker, A. Abung, Y. Abusamra, Y. Aceampong, A. Achara, D. Acharya, F. Acheampong, P. Acheampong, S. Acheampong, J. Acheson, S. Achieng, A. Acosta, R. Acquah, C. Acton, J. Adabie-Ankrah, P. Adair, A.S. Adam, F. Adam, M. Adam, H. Adamali, M. Adamczyk, C. Adams, D. Adams, K. Adams, L. Adams, N. Adams, R. Adams, T. Adams, L. Adamu-Ikeme, K. Adatia, K. Adcock, L. Addai-Boampong, A. Addo, O. Adeagbo, A. Adebiyi, O. Adedeji, Y. Adegeye, K. Adegoke, V. Adell, S. Adenwalla, F.W. Adeoye, O.A. Adesemoye, E.O. Adewunmi, A. Adeyanju, J. Adeyemi, T. Adeyemo, B. Adhikari, S.A. Adhikari, R. Adhikary, A. Aditya, P. Adjepong, G. Adkins, A. Adnan, M. Adriaanse, J. Aeron-Thomas, D. Affleck, C. Afnan, M. Afridi, P. Afrim, F.A. Afriyie, Z.A. Aftab, A. Afum-Adjei Awuah, M. Agarwal, P.N. Agasiya, R. Agbeko, C. Agbo, S. Aggarwal, A. Aghababaie, L. Aguilar Jimenez, J.A. Agyekum, K. Agyen, E.K. Ahadome, S. Ahamed Sadiq, M.H. Ahammed Nazeer, M. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, A. Ahmed, B.A.R. Ahmed, B. Ahmed, F. Ahmed, H. Ahmed, I. Ahmed, K. Ahmed, L. Ahmed, M. Ahmed, M.C. Ahmed, M.S. Ahmed, N. Ahmed, O. Ahmed, R.A. Ahmed, R. Ahmed, S. Ahmed, S.G. Ahmed, S.H. Ahmed, R. Ahmed Ali, B. Ahmed Mohamud, S. Ahmer, A. Ahonia, C. Aidoo, C. Aiken, D. Ail, M. Ainsworth, M. Aissa, L. Aitken, B. Ajay, A. Ajibode, A. Ajmi, N. Akhtar, S. Akili, B. Akinbiyi, O. Akindolie, Y. Akinfenwa, O. Akinkugbe, I. Akinpelu, M. Akram, O. Aktinade, U. Akudi, A.S.A.R. Al Aaraj, A. Al Balushi, M. Al Dakhola, A. Al Swaifi, E. Al-Abadi, A. Alabi, N. Aladangady, M. Alafifi, A. Alam, S. Alam, A. Al-Asadi, K. Alatzoglou, P. Albert, A. Albertus, L. Albon, A. Alcala, G. Alcorn, S. Alcorn, A. Aldana, D. Alderdice, A. Aldesouki, R. Aldouri, J. Aldridge, N. Aldridge, R. Ale, R.M. Ale, A. Alegria, A. Alexander, C. Alexander, J. Alexander, P.D.G. Alexander, J. Al-fori, L. Alghazawi, O. Alhabsha, B. Al-Hakim, R. Alhameed, M. Al-Hayali, S. Al-Hity, A. Ali, F.R. Ali, J. Ali, M. Ali, M.S. Ali, N. Ali, O. Ali, R. Ali, S. Ali, E. Aliberti, J. Alin, A. Alina, A. Alipustain, B. Alisjahbana, F. Aliyuda, K. Alizadeh, M. Al-Jibury, S. Al-Juboori, M. Al-Khalil, A. Alkhudhayri, M. Alkhusheh, F. Allan, N. Allan, A. Allanson, R. Allcock, E. Allen, J. Allen, K. Allen, L. Allen, P. Allen, R. Allen, S. Allen, T. Allen, A. Alli, K. Allison, B. Allman, H.K. Allsop, L. Allsop, D. Allsup, A.F.T. Almahroos, H. Al-Moasseb, M. Al-Obaidi, L. Alomari, A. Al-Rabahi, B. Al-Ramadhani, Z. Al-Saadi, R. Al-Sammarraie, I. Alshaer, R. Al-Shahi Salman, W. Al-Shamkhani, F. Alsheikh, B. Al-Sheklly, S. Altaf, A. Alty, M. Alvarez, M. Alvarez Corral, E. Alveyn, M. Alzetani, S. Amamou, N. Amar, S. Ambalavanan, R. Ambrogetti, C. Ambrose, A. Ameen, A. Amelia Ganefianty, K. Ames, M.R. Amezaga, A. Amin, K. Amin, S. Amin, T. Amin, B. Amit, A. Amjad, N. Amjad, J. Amoah-Dankwa, A. Amoako-Adusei, V. Amosun, M. Amsal, K. Amsha, J. Amuasi, N. Amutio Martin, P. Amy, A. Anada, A. Anand, S. Anandappa, S.D. Anantapatnaikuni, N.K.N. Andari, E. Anderson, J. Anderson, L. Anderson, M. Anderson, N. Anderson, R. Anderson, S. Anderson, W. Anderson, P. Andreou, A. Andrews, J. Andrews, K. Aneke, A. Ang, W.W. Ang, T. Angel, A. Angela, P. Angelini, L. Anguvaa, O. Anichtchik, M. Anim-Somuah, K. Aniruddhan, J. Annett, L. Anning, M. Ansah, P.J. Anstey, R. Anstey, A. Anthony, A. Anthony-Pillai, P. Antill, Z. Antonina, V. Anu, M. Anwar, S. Anwar, E. Apetri, A. Apostolopoulos, S. Appleby, D. Appleyard, M.F. Aquino, B. Araba, S. Aransiola, M. Araujo, A. Archer, D. Archer, S. Archer, D. Arcoria, C. Ardley, G. Arhin-Sam, A.-M. Arias, O. Aribike, R. Arimoto, N.L.P.E. Arisanti, C. Arkley, C. Armah, I. Armata, J. Armistead, A. Armitage, C. Armstrong, M. Armstrong, S. Armstrong, W. Armstrong, P. Armtrong, H. Arndt, C. Arnison-Newgass, D. Arnold, R. Arnold, A. Arnott, D. Arora, K. Arora, P. Arora, R. Arora, A. Arter, A. Arthur, N.M. Artini, A. Arumaithurai, A. Arya, R. Arya, D. Aryal, D. Asandei, G.A. Asare, A. Asghar, M. Asghar, A. Ashab, C. Ashbrook-Raby, H. Ashby, J. Ashcroft, S. Ashcroft, G. Asher, Z. Ashfak, A. Ashfaq, H.A. Asiamah, A. Ashish, D. Ashley, S. Ashman-Flavell, S. Ashok, A.-E.-A. Ashour, M.Z. Ashraf, S. Ashraf, M.B. Ashraq, D. Ashton, S. Ashton, A. Ashworth, F.J. Ashworth, R. Ashworth, A. Aslam, I. Aslam, S. Aslam, L. Aslett, H. Asogan, A. Asrar, O. Assaf, R. Astin-Chamberlain, Y.E. Atabudzi, P. Athavale, D. Athorne, B. Atkins, C. Atkins, S. Atkins, J. Atkinson, V. Atkinson, A. Atomode, B. Atraskiewicz, A.A. Attia, E. Attubato, M. Attwood, P. Aubrey, Z. Auer, A. Aujayeb, A.T. Aung, H. Aung, H.W.W. Aung, K.K. Aung, K.T. Aung, N. Aung, Y. Aung, Z.M. Aung, E. Austin, K. Austin, A. Auwal, M. Avari, M. Avery, N. Aveyard, J. Avis, G. Aviss, C. Avram, P. Avram, A. Awadelkareem, G. Awadzi, M. Awaly, A. Awan, S. Awisi, A. Aya, E. Ayaz, J.M. Ayerh, A. Ayers, J. Azam, A. Azeem, M. Azharuddin, A. Aziz, G. Aziz, I. Aziz, N. Aziz, A. Azkoul, A. Azman Shah, G. Azzopardi, H. Azzoug, F. Babatunde, M. Babi, B. Babiker, G. Babington, M. Babirecki, M. Babores, A.O. Babs-Osibodu, T. Bac, S. Bacciarelli, R. Bachar, M.-E. Bachour, A. Bachti, G. Bacon, J. Bacon, B. Badal, A. Badat, M. Bader, G.R. Badhan, S. Badhrinarayanan, J.P. Bae, A. Baggaley, A. Baggott, G. Bagley, D. Bagmane, L. Bagshaw, K. Bahadori, Y. Bahurupi, A. Bailey, J. Bailey, K. Bailey, L. Bailey, M.A. Bailey, M. Bailey, P. Bailey, S. Bailey, H. Baillie, J.K. Baillie, J. Bain, V. Bains, D. Baird, E. Baird, K. Baird, S. Baird, T. Baird, Y. Baird, A. Bajandouh, M. Bajracharya, D.C. Baker, E. Baker, J. Baker, K. Baker, M. Baker, R. Baker, T.-A. Baker, V. Baker, H. Bakere, N. Bakerly, M. Baker-Moffatt, A. Bakhai, N. Bakhtiar, P. Bakoulas, D. Bakthavatsalam, N. Balachandran, A. Balan, P. Balasingam, T. Balaskas, M. Balasubramaniam, N. Balatoni, A. Balcombe, A. Baldwin, C. Baldwin, D. Baldwin, F. Baldwin, R. Baldwin-Jones, N. Bale, J. Balfour, M. Ball, Ro Ball, K. Ballard, I. Balluz, C. Balmforth, E. Balogh, A. Baltmr, A. Baluwala, G. Bambridge, A. Bamford, P. Bamford, A. Bamgboye, E. Bancroft, H. Bancroft, J. Banda, K. Bandaru, S. Bandi, N. Bandla, S. Bandyopadhyam, A. Banerjee, R. Banerjee, P. Bang, S. Baniya, O. Bani-Saad, H. Banks, L. Banks, P. Banks, C. Bann, H. Bannister, O. Bannister, L. Banton, D.G. Bao, T. Bao, M. Baptist, T. Baqai, A.M. Baral, S.C. Baral, D. Baramova, R. Barber, E. Barbon, M. Barbosa, J. Barbour, A. Barclay, C. Barclay, G. Bardsley, S. Bareford, S. Bari, M. Barimbing, A. Barker, D. Barker, E. Barker, H. Barker, J. Barker, L. Barker, O. Barker, K. Barker-Williams, S. Barkha, J. Barla, G. Barlow, R. Barlow, V. Barlow, J. Barnacle, A. Barnard, D. Barnes, N. Barnes, R. Barnes, T. Barnes, C. Barnetson, A. Barnett, A. Barnett-Vanes, P.G. Barning, W. Barnsley, A. Barr, D. Barr, J. Barr, C. Barr, N. Barratt, S. Barratt, M. Barrera, A. Barrett, Fi Barrett, J. Barrett, S. Barrett, E. Barrow, J. Bartholomew, M.S. Barthwal, C. Bartlett, G. Bartlett, J. Bartlett, L. Bartlett, S. Bartley, S. Bartolmeu-Pires, A. Barton, G. Barton, J. Barton, L. Barton, R. Barton, R. Baruah, S. Baryschpolec, H. Bashir, A. Bashyal, B. Basker, S. Basnet, B. Basnyat, A. Basoglu, A. Basran, J. Bassett, G. Bassett, C. Bassford, B. Bassoy, V. Bastion, A. Bastola, A. Basumatary, P. Basvi, J.A. Batac, V.R. Bataduwaarachchi, T. Bate, H.J. Bateman, K. Bateman, V. Bateman, E. Bates, H. Bates, M. Bates, S. Bates, S. Batham, A. Batista, A. Batla, D. Batra, H. Batty, T. Batty, A. Batty, M. Baum, R. Baumber, C. Bautista, F. Bawa, T. Bawa, F.S. Bawani, S. Bax, M. Baxter, N. Baxter, Z. Baxter, H. Bayes, L.-A. Bayo, F. Bazari, R. Bazaz, A. Bazli, L. Beacham, W. Beadles, K. Beadon, P. Beak, A. Beale, K. Beard, J. Bearpark, A. Beasley, S. Beattie, K. Beaumont, D. Beaumont-Jewell, T. Beaver, S. Beavis, C. Beazley, S. Beck, V. Beckett, R. Beckitt, S. Beckley, H. Beddall, S. Beddows, D. Beeby, S. Beeby, G. Beech, M. Beecroft, N. Beer, Sa Beer, J. Beety, G. Bega, A. Begg, S. Begg, S. Beghini, A. Begum, S. Begum, T. Behan, R. Behrouzi, J. Beishon, C. Beith, J. Belcher, H. Belfield, K. Belfield, A. Belgaumkar, D. Bell, G. Bell, J. Bell, L. Bell, N. Bell, P. Bell, S. Bell, J. Bellamu, M. Bellamy, T. Bellamy, A. Bellini, A. Bellis, F. Bellis, L. Bendall, N. Benesh, N. Benetti, S.A. Bengu, L. Benham, G. Benison-Horner, S. Benkenstein, T. Benn, A. Bennett, C. Bennett, D. Bennett, G. Bennett, K. Bennett, L. Bennett, M.R. Bennett, S. Bennett, K. Bennion, G. Benoy, V. Benson, A. Bentley, J. Bentley, I. Benton, E. Beranova, M. Beresford, C. Bergin, M. Bergstrom, J. Bernatoniene, T. Berriman, Z. Berry, F. Best, K. Best, A.-M. Bester, Y. Beuvink, E. Bevan, S. Bevins, T. Bewick, A. Bexley, S. Beyatli, F. Beynon, A. Bhadi, S. Bhagani, S. Bhakta, R. Bhalla, K. Bhandal, A. Bhandari, L. Bhandari, L.N. Bhandari, S. Bhandari, J. Bhanich Supapol, A. Bhanot, R. Bhanot, S. Bhasin, A. Bhat, P. Bhat, R. Bhatnagar, K. Bhatt, J. Bhayani, D. Bhojwani, P. Bhuie, M.S. Bhuiyan, S. Bhuiyan, A. Bibby, F. Bibi, N. Bibi, S. Bibi, T. Bicanic, S. Bidgood, J. Bigg, S. Biggs, A. Biju, A. Bikov, S. Billingham, J. Billings, P. Binh, A. Binns, M. BinRofaie, O. Bintcliffe, C. Birch, J. Birch, K. Birchall, S. Bird, M. Birt, C. Bishop, K. Bishop, L. Bishop, K. Bisnauthsing, N. Biswas, M. Bittaye, S. Biuk, K. Blachford, E. Black, H. Black, K. Black, M. Black, P. Black, V. Black, H. Blackgrove, B. Blackledge, J. Blackler, S. Blackley, H. Blackman, C. Blackstock, C. Blair, F. Blakemore, H. Blamey, A. Bland, S. Blane, S. Blankley, P. Blaxill, K. Blaylock, J. Blazeby, N. Blencowe, B. Bloom, J. Bloomfield, A. Bloss, A. Blowers, S. Blows, H. Bloxham, S. Blrd, L. Blundell, A. Blunsum, M. Blunt, T. Blunt, I. Blyth, K. Blyth, A. Blythe, K. Blythe, K.A. Boahen, M. Boampoaa, S. Board, E. Boatemah, B. Bobie, K. Bobruk, P.N. Bodalia, N. Bodasing, M. Boden, T. Bodenham, G. Boehmer, M. Boffito, K. Bohanan, K. Bohmova, N. Bohnacker, S. Bokhandi, M. Bokhar, S. Bokhari, S.O. Bokhari, I. Bokobza, A. Boles, C. Bolger, C. Bonaconsa, C. Bond, H. Bond, S. Bond, T. Bond, A. Bone, G. Boniface, J. Bonney, L. Bonney, L. Booker, S. Boot, M. Boothroyd, J. Borbone, N. Borman, S. Bosence, K. Bostock, N. Botting, F. Bottrill, H. Bouattia, L. Bough, H. Boughton, Z. Boult, T. Boumrah, M. Bourke, S. Bourke, M. Bourne, R. Bousfield, L. Boustred, A. Bowes, P. Bowker, T. Bowker, H. Bowler, L. Bowman, S. Bowman, R. Bowmer, A. Bowring, H. Bowyer, A. Boyd, J. Boyd, L. Boyd, N. Boyer, N. Boyle, P. Boyle, R. Boyle, L. Boyles, L. Brace, A. Bracken, J. Bradder, C.J. Bradley, P. Bradley, J. Bradley-Potts, L. Bradshaw, Z. Bradshaw, C. Brady, R. Brady, S. Brady, P. Braga Sardo, D. Braganza, M. Braithwaite, S. Brammer, M. Branch, T. Brankin-Frisby, J. Brannigan, S. Brattan, F. Bray, N. Bray, M. Brazil, L. Brear, Tr Brear, S. Brearey, L. Bremner, M. Brend, C. Bresges, C. Bressington, G. Bretland, C. Brewer, M. Bridgett, G. Bridgwood, S. Brigham, J. Bright, C. Brightling, T. Brigstock, L. Brimfield, P. Brinksman, E. Brinkworth, R. Brittain-Long, V. Britten, H. Britton, L. Broad, S. Broadhead, R. Broadhurst, A. Broadley, M. Broadway, C. Brockelsby, M. Brocken, T. Brockley, M. Brodsky, F. Brogan, L. Brohan, F. Brokke, J. Brolly, D. Bromley, H. Brooke-Ball, V. Brooker, M. Brookes, D. Brooking, A. Brooks, D. Brooks, J. Brooks, K. Brooks, N. Brooks, P. Brooks, R. Brooks, S. Brooks, M. Broom, N. Broomhead, C. Broughton, N. Broughton, M. Brouns, A. Brown, C. Brown, E. Brown, H. Brown, J. Brown, L. Brown, N. Brown, P. Brown, R. Brown, S. Brown, T. Brown, B. Browne, C. Browne, D. Browne, M. Browne, S. Brownlee, A. Brraka, J. Bruce, M. Bruce, W. Brudlo, A. Brunchi, N. Brunskill, A. Brunton, M. Brunton, M. Bryant, E. Bryden, H. Brzezicki, A. Buazon, M.H. Buch, R. Buchan, R. Buchanan, D. Buche, A. Buck, L. Buck, M. Buckland, C. Buckley, L. Buckley, P. Buckley, S. Buckley, C. Buckman, A. Budds, G. Bugg, R. Bujazia, M. Bukhari, S. Bukhari, R. Bulbulia, A. Bull, D. Bull, K. Bull, R. Bull, Th Bull, E. Bullock, S. Bullock, N. Bulteel, K. Bumunarachchi, R. Bungue-Tuble, O. Burbidge, C. Burchett, D. Burda, C. Burden, T.G. Burden, Mi Burgess, R. Burgess, S. Burgess, E. Burhan, H. Burhan, H. Burke, K. Burke, A. Burman, S. Burnard, C. Burnett, S. Burnett, A. Burns, C. Burns, J. Burns, K. Burns, D. Burrage, K. Burrows, C. Burston, A. Burton, B. Burton, F. Burton, H. Burton, M. Burton, M. Butar butar, D. Butcher, A. Butler, E. Butler, J. Butler, P. Butler, S. Butler, A.-T. Butt, M. Butt, M.M. Butt, C. Butterworth, N. Butterworth-Cowin, R. Buttery, T. Buttle, H. Button, D. Buttress, H. Bye, J. Byrne, W. Byrne, V. Byrne-Watts, N.K. C, A. Cabandugama, L. Cabrero, S. Caddy, R. Cade, A. Cadwgan, Z. Cahilog, A. Cahyareny, D. Cairney, J. Calderwood, D. Caldow, E. Cale, G. Calisti, D. Callaghan, J. Callaghan, C. Callens, D. Callum, C. Calver, M. Cambell-Kelly, T. Camburn, D.R. Cameron, E. Cameron, F. Cameron, S. Cameron, C. Camm, F.D. Cammack, A. Campbell, B. Campbell, D. Campbell, H. Campbell, J. Campbell, K. Campbell, M. Campbell, R. Campbell, W. Campbell, Q. Campbell Hewson, J. Camsooksai, L. Canclini, S.M. Candido, J. Candlish, C. Caneja, A. Cann, J. Cann, R. Cannan, A. Cannon, E. Cannon, M. Cannon, P. Cannon, V. Cannons, E. Canonizado, J. Cantliff, N. Cap, N.T. Cap, B. Caplin, S. Capocci, N. Caponi, A. Capp, R. Capstick, T. Capstick, C. Caraenache, A. Card, M. Cardwell, C. Carey, R. Carey, S. Carley, F. Carlin, T. Carlin, S. Carmichael, M. Carmody, M. Carnahan, C. Caroline, J. Carpenter, S. Carr, A. Carrasco, Z. Carrington, A. Carroll, P. Carroll, R. Carson, C. Cart, E. Carter, J. Carter, M. Carter, N. Carter, P. Carter, D. Cartwright, J.-A. Cartwright, C. Carty, L. Carty, J. Carungcong, C. Carver, E. Carver, R. Carver, S. Casey, A. Cassells, T. Castiello, G. Castle, B. Castles, M. Caswell, A.M. Catana, H. Cate, A. Catelan Zborowski, S. Cathcart, K. Cathie, D. Catibog, C. Catley, L. Catlow, M. Caudwell, A. Cavazza, A. Cave, L. Cave, S. Cavinato, F. Cawa, K. Cawley, C. Caws, K. Cawthorne, H. Cendl, H. Century, J. Cernova, M. Cesay, E. Cetti, S. Chabane, M. Chablani, C. Chabo, J. Chacko, D. Chadwick, J. Chadwick, R. Chadwick, E. Chakkarapani, A. Chakraborty, M. Chakraborty, M. Chakravorty, P. Chalakova, B. Chalise, B.S. Chalise, J. Chalmers, R. Chalmers, G. Chamberlain, S. Chamberlain, E. Chambers, J. Chambers, L. Chambers, N. Chambers, A. Chan, C. Chan, E. Chan, M. Chan, K. Chan, P. Chan, R. (P-C). Chan, X.H.S. Chan, C. Chandler, H. Chandler, K.J. Chandler, S. Chandler, Z. Chandler, S. Chandra, N. Chandran, B. Chandrasekaran, Y. Chang, H. Chanh, H.Q. Chanh, G. Chaplin, J. Chaplin, G. Chapman, J. Chapman, K. Chapman, L. Chapman, M. Chapman, P. Chapman, T. Chapman, L. Chappell, A. Charalambou, B. Charles, D. Charlton, S. Charlton, K. Chatar, C. Chatha, D. Chatterton, N. Chau, R. Chaube, A. Chaudhary, M.Y.N. Chaudhary, B. Chaudhary, I. Chaudhry, Z. Chaudhry, K. Chaudhuri, N. Chaudhuri, M. Chaudhury, A. Chauhan, R.S. Chauhan, L. Chaulagain, A. Chavasse, N. Chavasse, V. Chawla, L. Cheater, J. Cheaveau, C. Cheeld, M. Cheeseman, F. Chen, H.M. Chen, T. Chen, F. Cheng, L.Y. Cheng, Z. Cheng, H. Chenoweth, C.H. Cheong, J.J. Cherian, S. Cherian, M. Cherrie, H. Cheshire, C.K. Cheung, E. Cheung, K. Cheung, M. Cheung, C. Cheyne, S. Chhabra, W.L. Chia, E. Chiang, A. Chiapparino, R. Chicano, G. Chikara, M. Chikungwa, Z.A. Chikwanha, G. Chilcott, S. Chilcott, A. Chilvers, P. Chimbo, K.W. Chin, W.J. Chin, R. Chineka, A. Chingale, E. Chinonso, C. Chin-Saad, M. Chirgwin, H. Chisem, C. Chisenga, C. Chisholm, B. Chisnall, C. Chiswick, S. Chita, N. Chitalia, M. Chiu, L. Chiverton, B. Chivima, C. Chmiel, S. Choi, W. Choon Kon Yune, M. Chopra, V. Choudhary, O. Choudhury, S. Choudhury, B.-L. Chow, M. Chowdhury, S. Chowdhury, A. Chrisopoulou, V. Christenssen, P. Christian, A. Christides, F. Christie, D. Christmas, G. Christoforou, T. Christopherson, A. Christou, M. Christy, P. Chrysostomou, Y. Chua, D. Chudgar, R. Chudleigh, S. Chukkambotla, M.E. Chukwu, I. Chukwulobelu, C.Y. Chung, E. Church, S.R. Church, D. Churchill, N. Cianci, P. Cicconi, P. Cinardo, Z. Cipinova, B. Cipriano, S. Clamp, B. Clancy, M. Clapham, E. Clare, S. Clare, A. Clark, C. Clark, D. Clark, E. Clark, F. Clark, G. Clark, J. Clark, K. Clark, L. Clark, M. Clark, N. Clark, P. Clark, R. Clark, T. Clark, Z. Clark, A. Clarke, J. Clarke, P. Clarke, R. Clarke, S. Clarke, A. Claxton, L. Claxton, K. Clay, C. Clayton, E. Clayton, O. Clayton, J. Clayton-Smith, B. Clearyb, C. Cleaver, R. Cleeton, I. Clement, C. Clemente de la Torre, J. Clements, S. Clements, S. Clenton, S. Cliff, R. Clifford, S. Clifford, A. Clive, J. Clouston, V. Clubb, S. Clueit, L. Clutterbuck, A. Clyne, M. Coakley, P.G.L. Coakley, K. Cobain, A. Cochrane, P. Cochrane, L. Cockayne, M. Cockerell, H. Cockerill, S. Cocks, R. Codling, A. Coe, S. Coetzee, D. Coey, D. Cohen, J. Cohen, O. Cohen, M. Cohn, L. Coke, O. Coker, N. Colbeck, R. Colbert, E. Cole, J. Cole, G. Coleman, M. Coleman, N. Coleman, H. Coles, M. Colin, A. Colino-Acevedo, J. Colley, K. Collie, A. Collier, D. Collier, H. Collier, T. Collingwood, P. Collini, E. Collins, J. Collins, K. Collins, M. Collins, N. Collins, S. Collins, V. Collins, A. Collinson, B. Collinson, J. Collinson, M. Collis, M. Colmar, H.E. Colton, J. Colton, K. Colville, C. Colvin, E. Combes, D. Comer, A. Comerford, D. Concannon, A. Condliffe, R. Condliffe, E. Connell, L. Connell, N. Connell, K. Connelly, G. Connolly, E. Connor, A. Conroy, K. Conroy, V. Conteh, R. Convery, F. Conway, G. Conway, R. Conway, J.-A. Conyngham, A. Cook, C. Cook, E. Cook, G. Cook, H. Cook, J. Cook, M. Cook, S. Cook, D. Cooke, G. Cooke, H. Cooke, J. Cooke, K. Cooke, T. Cooke, V. Cooke, A. Cooper, C. Cooper, D. Cooper, H. Cooper, J. Cooper, L. Cooper, N. Cooper, R. Cooper, S. Cooray, T. Cope, S. Corbet, C. Corbett, A. Corbishley, J. Corcoran, C. Cordell, J. Cordle, A. Corfield, J. Corless, A. Corlett, J. Cornwell, M. Cornwell, D. Corogeanu, A. Corr, M. Corredera, R. Corrigan, P. Corry, R. Corser, J. Cort, D. Cosgrove, T. Cosier, P. Costa, T. Costa, C. Coston, S. Cotgrove, Z. Coton, L.-J. Cottam, R. Cotter, D. Cotterill, C. Cotton, G. Couch, M. Coulding, A. Coull, D. Counsell, D. Counter, C. Coupland, E. Courtney, J. Courtney, R. Cousins, A.J. Coutts, A. Cowan, E. Cowan, R. Cowan, R. Cowell, L. Cowen, S. Cowman, A. Cowton, E. Cox, G. Cox, H. Cox, K. Cox, M. Cox, K. Coy, A. Cradduck-Bamford, H. Craig, J. Craig, V. Craig, F. Craighead, M. Cramp, H. Cranston, S.S. Crasta, J. Crause, A. Crawford, E. Crawford, I. Crawford, S. Crawshaw, B. Creagh-Brown, A. Creamer, A. Creaser-Myers, J. Cremona, S. Cremona, A. Crepet, J. Cresswell, M. Cribb, C. Crichton, D. Crilly, L. Crisp, N. Crisp, D. Crocombe, M. Croft, J. Crooks, H. Crosby, E. Cross, T. Cross, A. Crothers, S. Crotty, S. Crouch, M. Crow, A. Crowder, K. Crowley, T. Crowley, R. Croysdill, C. Cruickshank, I. Cruickshank, J. Cruise, C. Cruz, T. Cruz Cervera, D. Cryans, G. Cui, H. Cui, L. Cullen, G. Cummings-Fosong, V. Cunliffe, N. Cunningham, J. Cupitt, H. Curgenven, G. Curnow, D. Curran, S. Curran, C. Currie, J. Currie, S. Currie, J. Curtis, K. Curtis, M. Curtis, O. Curtis, T. Curtis, R. Cuthbertson, J. Cuthill, S. Cutler, S. Cutts, M. Czekaj, P. Czylok, S. D’Souza, J. da Rocha, G.S. Dadzie, M. Dafalla, A. Dagens, H. Daggett, J. Daglish, S. Dahiya, A. Dale, K. Dale, M. Dale, S. Dale, J. Dales, U. D'Alessandro, H. Dalgleish, H. Dallow, C. D'aloia, D. Dalton, M. Dalton, Z. Daly, M. Damani, E. Damm, L. Dan, A. Danga, J. Dangerfield, A. Daniel, P. Daniel, A. Daniels, A. Dann, K.G. Danso, S. Danso-Bamfo, Q.T. Dao, S. Darby, A. Darbyshire, J. Darbyshire, P. Dargan, P. Dark, K. Darlington, S. Darnell, T. Darton, G. Darylile, A. Das, M. Das, S. Das, M. Daschel, J. Dasgin, D. Datta, A. Daunt, V. Dave, E. Davenport, M. Davey, M. David, A. Davidson, L. Davidson, N. Davidson, R. Davidson, A. Davies, B. Davies, C. Davies, D. Davies, E. Davies, F. Davies, G. Davies, H. Davies, J. Davies, K. Davies, L. Davies, M. Davies, N. Davies, O. Davies, P. Davies, R. Davies, S. Davies, A. Davis, J.-A. Davis, K. Davis, P. Davis, A. Davis-Cook, A. Davison, C. Dawe, H. Dawe, M. Dawkins, A. Dawson, D. Dawson, E. Dawson, J. Dawson, L. Dawson, M. Dawson, S. Dawson, T. Dawson, I. Dawson, A. Daxter, A. Day, J. Day, J. D'Costa, P. De, D. de Fonseka, T. de Freitas, P. De Los Santos Dominguez, R. De Pretto, F. De Santana Miranda, E. de Sausmarez, S. de Silva, T. de Silva, J. De Sousa, P. De Sousa, J. de Souza, P. De Souza, A. De Soyza, N. de Vere, J. de Vos, B. Deacon, S. Dealing, A. Dean, J. Dean, K. Dean, S. Dean, T. Dean, J. Deane, J. Dear, E. Dearden, C. Deas, S. Debbie, G. Debreceni, V. Deelchand, M. Deeley, J. Deery, E. Defever, M. Del Forno, A. Dela Rosa, G. De-La-Cedra, A. Dell, C. Demetriou, D. DeMets, J. Democratis, J. Denham, E. Denis, L. Denley, C. Denmade, A. Dent, K. Dent, M. Dent, E. Denton, T. Denwood, N. Deole, D. Depala, M. Depante, S. Dermody, A. Desai, P. Desai, S. Deshpande, V. Deshpande, S. Devkota, U. Devkota, D. Devonport, M. Devonport, P. Dey, V. Dey, R. Deylami, K. Dhaliwal, P. Dhangar, S. Dhani, A. Dhanoa, M. Dhar, A. Dhariwal, D. Dharmasena, D. Dhasmana, E. Dhillon, R. Dhillon, S. Dhillon, M. Dhimal, D. Dhiru, T. Dhorajiwala, P. Dias, S. Diaz, K. Diaz-Pratt, M. Dibas, D. Dickerson, P. Dicks, M. Dickson, S. Dickson, J. Digby, R. Digpal, S. Dillane, S. Diment, P. Dimitri, G. Dimitriadis, S. Din, T.H. Dinh, T.T.T. Dinh, C. Dipheko, A. Dipper, S. Dipro, L. Dirmantaite, L. Dismore, L. Ditchfield, S. Diver, L. Diwakar, P. Diwan, C. Dixon, G. Dixon, K. Dixon, B. Djeugam, S. Dlamini, P. Dlouhy, A. D'Mello, P. Dmitri, T. Do, T.T. Do, L. Dobbie, M. Dobranszky Oroian, C. Dobson, L. Dobson, M. Docherty, D. Dockrell, J. Dodd, J. Dodds, R. Dodds, S. Dodds, R. Dogra, C. Doherty, E. Doherty, W. Doherty, Y. Doi, I. Doig, E. Doke, D. Dolan, M. Dolman, R. Dolman, L. Donald, K. Donald, C. Donaldson, D. Donaldson, G. Donaldson, K. Donaldson, P. Dong, P.K. Dong, M. Donkor, S. Donlon, J. Donnachie, E. Donnelly, R. Donnelly, P. Donnison, A. Donohoe, G. Donohoe, B. Donohue, E. Dooks, R. Doonan, R. Doorn, G. Doran, R. Dore, K. Dorey, S. Dorgan, K. Dos Santos, M. Dosani, D. Dosanjh, P. Dospinescu, I. Doss, T. Doudouliaki, A. Dougherty, J. Doughty, K. Douglas, J. Douse, A. Dow, L. Dowden, M. Dower, S. Dowling, N. Downer, C. Downes, R. Downes, T. Downes, D. Downey, R. Downey, C. Downing, L. Downs, S. Dowson, C. Dragan, C. Dragos, M. Drain, C. Drake, V. Drew, O. Drewett, A. Drexel, C. Driscoll, H. Drogan, O. Drosos, G. Drummond, K. Drury, K. Druryk, R. Druyeh, J. Dryburgh-Jones, S. Drysdale, P. Dsouza, A. Du Thinh, I.K. Duah, H. Dube, J. Dube, S. Duberley, P. Duckenfield, H. Duckles-Leech, N. Duff, E. Duffield, H. Duffy, K. Duffy, L. Dufour, A. Duggan, P. Dugh, R. Duhoky, J. Duignan, J. Dulay, S. Dummer, A. Duncan, C. Duncan, F. Duncan, G. Duncan, H. Duncan, R. Duncan, S. Dundas, D.V. Dung, N.T.P. Dung, A. Dunleavy, J. Dunleavy, A. Dunn, C. Dunn, D. Dunn, L. Dunn, P. Dunn, C. Dunne, K. Dunne, F. Dunning, A. Dunphy, T. Duong, T.T.H. Duong, V. Duraiswamy, B. Duran, I. DuRand, L. Durdle, N. Duric, A. Durie, E. Durie, S. Durogbola, C. Durojaiye, L. Durrans, K. Durrant, H. Durrington, I. Duru, H. Duvnjak, A. Dwarakanath, L. Dwarakanath, D. Dwomoh Nkrumah, E. Dwyer, Z. Dyar, C. Dyball, K. Dyer, H. Dymond, T. Dymond, E.D. Dzidzomu, C. Eades, L. Eadie, R. Eadie, L. Eagles, B. Eapen, N. Earl, J. Early, M. Earwaker, N. Easom, C. East, A. Easthope, F. Easton, J. Easton, P. Easton, R. Eatough, O. Ebigbola, M. Ebon, A. Eccles, S. Eccles, C. Eddings, M. Eddleston, M. Edgar, K. Edgerley, N. Edmond, M. Edmondson, T. Edmunds, A. Edwards, C. Edwards, J. Edwards, K. Edwards, M. Edwards, S. Edwards, J. Eedle, A. Eggink, S. Eggleston, L. Ehiorobo, S. Eisen, M. Ekoi, A. Ekunola, N. Elashbar, L. Elawamy, D. Eleanor, S. El Behery, M. Elbeshy, K. El-Bouzidi, M. El-Din, E. Eldridge, U. Elenwa, I. Eletu, E. Elfar, M. Elgamal, A. Elgohary, N. Elkaram, R. Elmahdi, S. Eliammmknjhhhh, J. Elias, T. Elias, A. Elkins, J. Ellam, L. Ellerton, L. Elliot, A. Elliott, F. Elliott, K. Elliott, S. Elliott, A. Ellis, C. Ellis, K. Ellis, L. Ellis, R. Ellis, T. Ellis, T.-Y. Ellis, Y. Ellis, A. Ellwood, E. Elmahi, H.-M. Elmasry, A. Emery, M. El-Naggar, N. Elndari, O. Elneima, M. Elokl, A. Elradi, M. Elsaadany, M.A.S.A. Elsayed, S. El-Sayeh, H. El-Sbahi, M. Elsebaei, T. Elsefi, K. El-Shakankery, A. Elsheikh, H. El-Taweel, S. Elyoussfi, J. Emberey, J.R. Emberson, J. Emberton, J. Emmanuel, I. Emmerson, M. Emms, F. Emond, M. Emonts, N. Enachi, D. Enenche, A. Engden, K. English, C. Enimpah, E. Entwistle, H. Enyi, M. Erotocritou, P. Eskander, H. Esmail, F. Essa, B. Evans, C. Evans, D. Evans, E. Evans, G. Evans, I. Evans, J. Evans, L. Evans, M. Evans, R. Evans, S. Evans, T. Evans, C. Everden, S. Everden, L. Every, H. Evison, L. Evison, C. Ezenduka, J. Faccenda, L. Fahel, Y. Fahmay, I. Fairbairn, S. Fairbairn, T. Fairbairn, A. Fairclough, L. Fairlie, M. Fairweather, A. Fajardo, N. Falcone, E. Falconer, J. Fallon, A. Fallow, D. Faluyi, V. Fancois, A. Farah, M. Farah, Q. Farah, N.Z. Fard, L. Fares, A. Farg, A. Farmer, K. Farmer, T. Farmery, S. Farnworth, F. Farook, H. Farooq, S. Farooq, F. Farquhar, H. Farr, A. Farrell, B. Farrell, F. Farrukh, J. Farthing, S. Farzana, R. Fasina, A. Fatemi, M. Fatemi, S. Fathima, N. Fatimah, M. Faulkner, S. Faust, C. Favager, A. Fawad, J. Fawke, S. Fawohunre, A. Fazal, A. Fazleen, S. Fearby, C. Fearnley, A. Feben, F. Fedel, D. Fedorova, C. Fegan, M. Felongo, L. Felton, T. Felton, K. Fenlon, A. Fenn, R. Fennelly, I. Fenner, C. Fenton, M. Fenton, G. Ferenando, C. Ferguson, J. Ferguson, K. Ferguson, S. Ferguson, V. Ferguson, D. Fernandes, C. Fernandez, E. Fernandez, M. Fernandez, S. Fernandez Lopez, J. Fernandez Roman, C.J. Fernando, J. Fernando, A. Feroz, P. Ferranti, T. Ferrari, E. Ferrelly, A. Ferrera, E. Ferriman, S. Ferron, N. Fethers, B. Field, J. Field, R. Field, K. Fielder, L. Fieldhouse, A. Fielding, J. Fielding, S. Fielding, A. Fikree, S. Filipa, S. Filson, S. Finan, S. Finbow, D.J. Finch, J. Finch, L. Finch, S. Finch, N. Fineman, J. Finlayson, L. Finlayson, A. Finn, J. Finn, D. Finnerty, C. Finney, D. Finucane, S. Fiouni, J. Fiquet, P. Firi, J. Fisher, N. Fisher, D. Fishman, K. Fishwick, C. Fitton, F. Fitzgerald, K. Fitzjohn, J. Flaherty, M. Flanagan, C. Flanders, N. Flaris, G. Fleming, J. Fleming, L. Fleming, P. Fleming, W. Flesher, A. Fletcher, J. Fletcher, L. Fletcher, S. Fletcher, F. Flett, K. Flewitt, S. Flockhart, C. Flood, I. Floodgate, J. Flor, V. Florence, M. Flowerdew, S. Floyd, M.J. Flynn, R. Flynn, C. Foden, A. Fofana, G. Fogarty, P. Foley, L. Folkes, T. Fong, D.M. Font, A. Foo, J. Foo, A. Foot, H.R. Foot, J. Foot, J. Forbes, A. Ford, J. Ford, I. Fordham, J. Foreman, M. Forester, M. Forkan, C. Fornolles, A. Forrest, E. Forsey, M. Forsey, T. Forshall, E. Forster, A. Forsyth, J. Forton, C. Foster, E. Foster, J. Foster, R.A. Foster, T. Foster, A. Foulds, I. Foulds, F. Fowe, N. Fowkes, E. Fowler, R. Fowler, S. Fowler, A. Fox, C. Fox, H. Fox, J. Fox, L. Fox, N. Fox, O. Fox, S. Fox, S.-J. Foxton, E. Fraile, R. Frake, A. Francioni, O. Francis, R. Francis, S. Francis, T. Francis-Bacon, H. Frankland, J. Franklin, S. Franklin, C. Fraser, A. Fratila, S. Frayling, M. Fredlund, A. Freeman, C. Freeman, E. Freeman, H. Freeman, N. Freeman, C. Freer, E. French, T. French, K. Freshwater, M. Frise, R. Fromson, A. Frosh, J. Frost, V. Frost, O. Froud, R. Frowd, A. Fryatt, A. Frygier, B. Fuller, L. Fuller, T. Fuller, D. Fullerton, C. Fung, G. Fung, S. Funnell, J. Furness, A. Fyfe, N. G, E. Gabbitas, C. Gabriel, Z. Gabriel, H. Gachi, S. Gaffarena, S. Gage, J. Gahir, S. Gajebasia, K. Gajewska-Knapik, B. Gajmer, Z. Galani, C. Gale, H. Gale, L. Gale, R. Gale, S. Gali, B. Gallagher, J. Gallagher, R. Gallagher, W. Gallagher, F. Gallam, J. Galliford, C. Galloway, E. Galloway, J. Galloway, A. Galvin, V. Galvis, G. Gamble, L. Gamble, B. Gammon, C.N. Gan, M.B. Ganaie, J. Ganapathi, R. Ganapathy, K. Gandhi, S. Gandhi, U. Ganesh, T. Ganeshanathan, S. Ganguly, A. Gani, P. Ganley, U. Garcia, E.-J. Garden, A.D. Gardener, E. Gardiner, M. Gardiner, P. Gardiner, S. Gardiner, C. Gardiner-Hill, J. Gardner, L. Gardner, M. Garfield, A. Garg, I. Garg, N. Garlick, D. Garner, J. Garner, L. Garner, Z. Garner, R. Garr, K.A. Garrero, M. Gartaula, F. Garty, R. Gascoyne, H. Gashau, A. Gatenby, E. Gaughan, A. Gaurav, M. Gavrila, J. Gaylard, S. Gayle, C. Geddie, I. Gedge, S. Gee, F. Geele, K. Geerthan, M. Gellamucho, K. Gelly, L. Gelmon, S. Gelves-Zapata, G. Genato, N. Gent, S. Gent, N. Geoghegan, A. George, B. George, S. George, T. George, V.P. George, S. Georges, D. Georgiou, P. Gerard, L. Gerdes, L. Germain, H. Gerrish, A. Getachew, L. Gethin, S. Gettings, H. Ghanayem, B. Ghavami Kia, S. Ghazal, A. Gherman, A. Ghosh, D. Ghosh, J. Ghosh, S. Ghosh, T. Giang, T.V. Giang, S. Giannopoulou, M. Gibani, C. Gibb, B. Gibbison, K. Gibbons, A. Gibson, B. Gibson, J. Gibson, K. Gibson, S. Gibson, M. Gigi, C. Gilbert, J. Gilbert, K. Gilbert, B. Giles, J. Gilham, M. Gill, L. Gill, P. Gillen, A. Gillesen, K. Gillespie, E. Gillham, A. Gillian, D. Gilliland, R. Gillott, D. Gilmour, K. Gilmour, L. Gilmour, L. Ginn, F. Ginting, T. Giokanini-Royal, A. Gipson, B. Giri, J. Girling, R. Gisby, A. Gkioni, A. Gkoritsa, E. Gkrania-Klotsas, A. Gladwell, J. Glanville, J. Glasgow, S. Glasgow, J. Glass, L. Glass, S. Glaysher, L. Gledhill, E. Glenday, A. Glennon, J. Glossop, J. Glover, K. Glover, M. Glover, J. Glover Bengtsson, D. Glowski, S. Glynn, C. Gnanalingam, J. Goddard, W. Goddard, E. Godden, J. Godden, S. Godlee, E. Godson, G. Godwin, S. Gogoi, A. Goh, M. Gohel, R. Goiriz, S. Gokaraju, R. Goldacre, A. Goldsmith, P. Goldsmith, D. Gomersall, L. Gomez, R. Gomez-Marcos, A. Gondal, C. Gonzalez, J. Goodall, V. Goodall, B. Goodenough, A. Goodfellow, L. Goodfellow, J. Goodlife, C. Goodwin, E. Goodwin, J. Goodwin, P. Goodyear, R. Gooentilleke, M. Goonasekara, S. Gooseman, S. Gopal, C. Gordon, S. Gordon, R. Gore, H. Gorick, C. Gorman, S. Gormely, M. Gorniok, D. Gorog, M. Gorst, T. Gorsuch, J. Gosai, R. Gosling, S. Gosling, G. Gosney, V. Goss, D. Gotham, N. Gott, E. Goudie, N. Gould, S. Gould, C. Goumalatsou, L. Gourbault, A. Govind, R. Govindan, S. Gowans, G. Gowda, R. Gowda, H. Gower, P. Goyal, S. Goyal, C. Graham, J. Graham, L. Graham, R. Graham, S. Graham, M. Graham-Brown, J. Grahamslaw, G. Grana, T. Grandison, L. Grandjean, A. Grant, D. Grant, K. Grant, M. Grant, P. Grant, R. Gravell, J. Graves, A. Gray, C. Gray, G. Gray, J. Gray, K. Gray, N. Gray, R. Gray, S. Gray, A. Grayson, F. Greaves, P. Greaves, A. Green, A.S. Green, C. Green, C.A. Green, D. Green, F. Green, J. Green, M. Green, N. Green, S. Green, D. Greene, P. Greenfield, A. Greenhalgh, D. Greenwood, S. Greer, J. Gregory, K. Gregory, T. Gregory, J. Greig, R. Grenfell, T. Grenier, J. Grenville, J. Gresty, S. Grevatt, G. Grey, S. Gribben, A. Gribbin, A. Gribble, N. Grieg, D. Grieve, B. Griffin, D. Griffin, M. Griffin, S. Griffith, A. Griffiths, D. Griffiths, I. Griffiths, M. Griffiths, N. Griffiths, O. Griffiths, S. Griffiths, Y. Griffiths, S. Grigoriadou, S. Grigsby, P. Grist, E. Grobovaite, D. Grogono, C. Grondin, R. Groome, P. Grose, L. Grosu, J. Grounds, M. Grout, H. Grover, J. Groves, N. Grubb, J. Grundy, F. Guarino, S. Gudur, J. Guerin, S. Guettari, S. Gulati, V. Gulia, H. Gunasekara, P. Gunasekera, M. Gunawardena, K. Gunganah, J. Gunn, E. Gunter, A. Gupta, A.K. Gupta, R. Gupta, T. Gupta, V. Gupta, A. Gupta-Wright, V. Guratsky, A. Gureviciute, S. Gurram, A. Gurung, B. Gurung, L. Gurung, S. Gurung, S. Gurung Rai, H. Guth, N. Guthrine, S. Gyambrah, P. Gyanwali, S. Gyawali, N. Ha, N.T. Ha, N.X. Ha, R. Habibi, B. Hack, J. Hackett, P. Hackney, C. Hacon, A. Haddad, D. Hadfield, N. Hadfield, S. Hadfield, M. Hadjiandreou, N. Hadjisavvas, A. Haestier, N. Hafiz, R. Hafiz-Ur-Rehman, J. Hafsa, S. Hagan, J.W. Hague, R. Hague, N. Haider, K. Haigh, V. Haile, J. Hailstone, C. Haines, S. Hainey, M. Hair, B. Hairsine, J. Hajnik, D. Hake, L. Hakeem, A. Haldeos, W. Halder, E. Hale, J. Hale, C. Halevy, P. Halford, W. Halford, A. Halim, A. Hall, C. Hall, E. Hall, F. Hall, H. Hall, J. Hall, K. Hall, L. Hall, J. Hallas, K. Hallas, C. Hallett, J. Halliday, A. Hallman, H. Halls, M. Hamdollah-Zadeh, I.A. Hamed-Adekale, B. Hameed, M. Hameed, R. Hamers, I. Hamid, M. Hamie, R. Hamill, B. Hamilton, F. Hamilton, G. Hamilton, L. Hamilton, M. Hamilton, N. Hamilton, S. Hamilton, R. Hamlin, E. Hamlyn, B. Hammans, S. Hammersley, K. Hammerton, B. Hammond, E. Hammond, L. Hammond, S. Hammond, F. Hammonds, I. Hamoodi, K. Hampshire, J.A. Hampson, J. Hampson, L. Hampson, L. Hamzah, J. Han, O. Hanci, S. Hand, L. Handayani, J. Handford, S. Handrean, N.K. Handzewniak, S. Haney, D.T.T. Hang, V. Hang, V.T.K. Hang, D. Hanh, S. Hanif, E. Hanison, J. Hannah, A. Hannington, M. Hannun, A. Hanrath, H. Hanratty, D. Hansen, A. Hanson, H. Hanson, J. Hanson, K. Hanson, S. Hanson, N. Hao, A. Haqiqi, M. Haque, H. Harcourt, L. Harden, Z. Harding, S. Hardman, M. Hardwick, G. Hardy, J. Hardy, Y. Hardy, K. Haresh, R. Harford, B. Hargadon, J. Hargraves, C. Hargreaves, A. Harin, M. Haris, E. Harlock, P. Harman, T. Harman, M. Harmer, M.A. Haroon, C. Harper, H. Harper, J. Harper, P. Harper, R. Harper, S. Harrhy, K. Harrington, S. Harrington, Y. Harrington-Davies, J. Harris, L. Harris, M.-C. Harris, N. Harris, S. Harris, D. Harrison, L. Harrison, M. Harrison, O.A. Harrison, R. Harrison, S. Harrison, T. Harrison, W. Harrison, E. Harrod, C. Hart, D. Hart, J. Hartley, L. Hartley, R. Hartley, T. Hartley, W. Hartrey, P. Hartridge, S. Hartshorn, A. Harvey, M. Harvey, C. Harwood, H. Harwood, Z. Harzeli, B. Haselden, H. Hasford, K. Hashem, M. Hashimm, T. Hashimoto, I. Hashmi, J. Haslam, Z. Haslam, G. Hasnip, A. Hassan, Z. Hassan, S. Hassasing, J. Hassell, P. Hassell, A. Hastings, B. Hastings, J. Hastings, S. Hathaway-Lees, J. Hatton, J. Hau, M. Havinden-Williams, S. Havlik, D.B. Hawcutt, K. Hawes, L. Hawes, N. Hawes, L. Hawker, A. Hawkins, J. Hawkins, N. Hawkins, W. Hawkins, D. Hawley, E. Hawley-Jones, E. Haworth, A.W. Hay, C. Hay, A. Hayat, J. Hayat, M.-R. Hayathu, A. Hayes, J. Hayes, K. Hayes, M. Hayes, F. Hayes, P. Hayle, C. Haylett, A. Hayman, M. Hayman, M. Haynes, R. Haynes, R. Hayre, C. Hays, S. Haysom, J. Hayward, P. Haywood, H. Haywood Hasford, T. Hazelton, P. Hazenberg, Z. He, E. Headon, C. Heal, B. Healy, J.L. Healy, A. Hearn, D. Heasman, A. Heath, D. Heath, R. Heath, D. Heaton, A. Heavens, K. Hebbron, C. Heckman, G. Hector, S. Heddon, A. Hedges, K. Hedges, C. Heeley, E. Heeney, R. Heinink, R. Heire, I. Helgesen, J. Hemingway, U. Hemmila, B. Hemmings, S. Hemphill, D. Hemsley, A. Henderson, E. Henderson, J. Henderson, S. Henderson, J. Henry, K. Henry, L. Henry, M. Henry, N. Henry, D. Henshall, G. Herdman, R. Herdman-Grant, M. Herkes, L.E. Hermans, F. Hernandez, E. Heron, L. Heron, W. Herrington, E. Heselden, P. Heslop, T. Heslop, S. Hester, E. Hetherington, J. Hetherington, C. Hettiarachchi, P. Hettiarachchi, H. Hewer, J. Hewertson, A. Hewetson, S. Hewins, N. Hewitson, C. Hewitt, D. Hewitt, R. Hewitt, S. Hey, R.S. Heyderman, M. Heydtmann, J. Heys, J. Heywood, M. Hibbert, J. Hickey, N. Hickey, P. Hickey, N. Hickman, A. Hicks, J. Hicks, S. Hicks, P. Hien, T. Hien, T.T. Hien, D. Higbee, L. Higgins, A. Higham, M. Highcock, J. Highgate, M. Hikmat, A. Hill, H. Hill, J. Hill, L. Hill, P. Hill, U. Hill, A. Hilldrith, C. Hillman-Cooper, J. Hilton, Z. Hilton, S. Hinch, A. Hindle, E. Hindley, A. Hindmarsh, P. Hine, K. Hinshaw, C. Hird, C. Hirst, L. Hirst, J. Hives, H.M. Hlaing, B. Ho, D.K.K. Ho, R. Ho, L. Hoa, L.N.M. Hoa, M. Hoare, D. Hobden, G. Hobden, M. Hobrok, S. Hobson, C. Hodge, S. Hodge, L. Hodgen, G. Hodgetts, H. Hodgkins, S. Hodgkinson, D. Hodgson, H. Hodgson, L. Hodgson, S. Hodgson, G. Hodkinson, K. Hodson, M. Hodson, A. Hogan, M. Hogben, L. Hogg, L. Hoggett, A. Holborow, C. Holbrook, R. Holbrook, C. Holden, J. Holden, M. Holden, S. Holden, T. Holder, N. Holdhof, H. Holdsworth, L. Holland, M. Holland, N. Holland, P. Holland, S. Holland, M.L. Hollands, E. Holliday, K. Holliday, M. Holliday, N. Holling, L. Hollos, N. Hollos, L. Holloway, S. Holloway, M. Hollowday, M. Hollyer, A. Holman, A. Holmes, M. Holmes, R. Holmes, K. Holroyd, B. Holroyd-Hind, L. Holt, S. Holt, A. Holyome, M. Home, R. Homewood, K. Hong, L. Hoole, C. Hooper, S. Hope, B. Hopkins, P.W. Horby, S. Horler, A. Hormis, D. Hornan, N. Hornby, T. Horne, Z. Horne, R. Horner, C. Horrobin, L. Horsford, M. Horsford, V. Horsham, A. Horsley, E. Horsley, S. Horton, J. Hosea, T. Hoskins, M.S. Hossain, R. Hossain, M. Hough, S. Hough, C. Houghton, K. Houghton, R. Houlihan, K. Housely, H. Houston, R. Hovvels, L. How, L. Howaniec, J. Howard, K. Howard, L. Howard, M. Howard, S. Howard, R. Howard-Griffin, L. Howard-Sandy, S. Howe, A. Howell, M. Howells, L. Howie, K. Howlett, S. Howlett, R. Howman, J. Hrycaiczuk, H. Htet, N.Z. Htoon, S. Htwe, Y. Hu, C.O.H. Huah, S. Huang, K. Hubbard, A. Huckle, S. Huda, A. Hudak, L. Hudig, H. Hudson, S. Hudson, O. Hudson, A. Hufton, C. Huggins, A. Hughes, C. Hughes, E. Hughes, G. Hughes, H. Hughes, L. Hughes, M. Hughes, R. Hughes, S. Hughes, V. Hughes, W. Hughes, L. Huhn, C. Hui, R. Hulbert, D. Hull, G. Hull, R. Hull, A. Hulme, P. Hulme, W. Hulse, G. Hulston, R. Hum, M. Hume, C. Humphrey, A. Humphries, J. Humphries, T. Hung, C. Hunt, F. Hunt, J. Hunt, K. Hunt, L. Hunt, M. Hunt, S. Hunt, A. Hunter, C. Hunter, E. Hunter, K. Hunter, N. Hunter, R. Hunter, S. Hunter, G. Huntington, F. Huq, E. Hurditch, J. Hurdman, C. Hurley, K. Hurley, M.A. Husain, S. Husaini, C. Huson, A. Hussain, C. Hussain, I. Hussain, M. Hussain, R. Hussain, S. Hussain, Y. Hussain, M. Hussam El-Din, S.F.E.M. Hussein, Z. Hussein, R. Hussey, A.H. Hussien, A. Hutchinson, C. Hutchinson, D. Hutchinson, E. Hutchinson, J. Hutchinson, C. Hutsby, P. Hutton, N. Huy, N.Q. Huy, N. Huyen, N.T.T. Huyen, T. Huyen, T.B. Huyen, N.T. Huyen Thuong, H. Huynh, D. Hydes, J. Hyde-Wyatt, N. Hynes, M. Hyslop, A. Iakovou, K. Ibison, M. Ibraheim, A. Ibrahim, J. Ibrahim, M. Ibrahim, W. Ibrahim, B. Icke, A.I. Idowu, M. Idrees, N. Idrees, H. Iftikhar, M. Iftikhar, C. Igwe, O. Igwe, M. Ijaz, A. Ikomi, C. Iles, S. Iliodromiti, M. Ilsley, L. Ilves, F.M. Ilyas, L. Imam-Gutierrez, M. Iman, C. Imray, H. Imtiaz, J. Ingham, R. Ingham, T. Ingle, J. Inglis, S. Inglis-Hawkes, A. Ingram, L. Ingram, T. Ingram, N. Innes, P. Inns, V. Inpadhas, K. Inweregbu, A.A. Ionescu, A. Ionita, I. Iordanov, A. Ipe, J. Iqbal, M. Iqbal, F. Iqbal Sait, I. Irabor, J. Irisari, R. Irons, M. Irshad, M.S. Irshad, J. Irvine, V. Irvine, R. Irving, M. Ishak, E. Isherwood, G. Isitt, A. Islam, M.D.T. Islam, S. Islam, A. Ismail, O. Ismail, C. Ison, M. Israa, S. Isralls, H. Istiqomah, M. Ivan, C. Ivenso, N. Ivin, A. Ivy, S. Iwanikiw, K. Ixer, M. Iyer, K. Jabbar, C. Jack, J. Jackman, S. Jackman, A. Jackson, B. Jackson, E. Jackson, H. Jackson, L. Jackson, M. Jackson, N. Jackson, S. Jackson, Y. Jackson, J. Jacob, P. Jacob, R. Jacob, N. Jacques, H. Jadhav, A. Jafar, D. Jafferji, A. Jaffery, C. Jagadish, V. Jagannathan, A. Jagne, M. Jagpal, N. Jain, S. Jain, S. Jaiswal, D. Jajbhay, T. Jaki, P. Jali, B. Jallow, Y. Jaly, R. Jama, A. Jamal, S. Jamal, Z. Jamal, Y. Jameel, A. James, C. James, K. James, L. James, M. James, N. James, O. James, P. James, R. James, S. James, T. James, J. Jameson, L. Jamieson, A. Jamison, P. Jane, K. Janes, A. Janmohamed, D. Japp, P. Jaques, V. Jardim, C. Jardine, C. Jarman, E. Jarnell, E. Jarvie, C. Jarvis, R. Jarvis, P. Jastrzebska, H. Javed, A. Javier, M. Jawad, L. Jawaheer, A. Jayachandran, D. Jayachandran, A. Jayadev, A. Jayakumar, D. Jayaram, R. Jayaram, G. Jayasekera, T. Jayatilleke, A. Jayebalan, J. Jeater, S. Jeddi, V. Jeebun, M.S. Jeelani, K. Jeffery, H. Jeffrey, R. Jeffrey, N. Jeffreys, B. Jeffs, C. Jeffs, J.P. Jeganathan Ponraj, D. Jegede, T. Jemima, I. Jenkin, A. Jenkins, C. Jenkins, D. Jenkins, E. Jenkins, I. Jenkins, P. Jenkins, S. Jenkins, F. Jennings, J. Jennings, L. Jennings, V. Jennings, E. Jerome, D. Jerry, G. Jervis, E. Jessup-Dunton, J. Jesus Silva, C. Jetha, K. Jethwa, R. Jha, S. Jhanji, K. Jian, Z. Jiao, L. Jimenez, A. Jimenez Gil, J. Jith, T. Joefield, N. Johal, S. Johal, K. Johannessen, A. Johari, A. John, M. John, N. John, E. Johns, M. Johns, A. Johnson, E. Johnson, G. Johnson, K. Johnson, L. Johnson, M. Johnson, N. Johnson, O. Johnson, R. Johnson, B. Johnston, C. Johnston, J. Johnston, S. Johnston, V. Johnston, D. Johnstone, E. Johnstone, J. Johnstone, M. Joishy, A. Jones, B. Jones, C. Jones, C.E. Jones, D. Jones, E. Jones, G. Jones, J. Jones, K. Jones, K.E. Jones, L. Jones, L.M. Jones, M. Jones, N. Jones, O. Jones, P. Jones, P.H. Jones, R. Jones, R.E. Jones, S. Jones, T. Jones, R. Jonnalagadda, R. Jordache, M. Jordan, S. Jordan, A. Jose, L. Jose, S. Jose, A. Joseph, G. Joseph, P.A. Joseph, R. Joseph, S. Joseph, D. Joshi, M. Joshi, P. Joshi, T. Joshi, B. Josiah, D.K. Joy, L. Joy, T. Joyce, H. Ju, A. Ju Wen Kwek, A. Judd, E. Jude, P. Judge, J. Juhl, S. Jujjavarapu, M. Juniper, E. Juszczak, D. Jyothish, R. Jaiswal, R.K. Jha, K. Kabiru Dawa, M. Kacar, D. Kadad, N. Kadam, N. Kader, A. Kailey, M. Kain, G. Kakoullis, A. Kakrani, A. Kala Bhushan, R.J.K. Kalayi, R. Kaliannan Periyasami, D. Kalita, I. Kalla, E. Kallistrou, T. Kalmus Eliasz, S. Kalsoom, E. Kam, J. Kamara, A. Kamath, P. Kamath, R. Kamath, S.A. Kamerkar, N. Kametas, M. Kamfose, C. Kamundi, D. Kanabar, L. Kane, S. Kanitkar, O. Kankam, T. Kannan, A. Kant, V. Kapil, R. Kapoor, S. Kapoor, S. Kaprapina, S. Kar, J. Kara, E. Karbasi, S. Karelia, R. Kark, A. Karkey, A. Karki, S. Karki, S. Karmali, V. Karunanithi, N. Karunaratne, N. Kasianczuk, A. Kasiappan Balasubramanian, V. Kasipandian, R. Kassam, J. Kathirgamachelvam, M. Kati, V. Katsande, K. Kaul, D. Kaur, J. Kaur, S. Kaur, Z. Kausar, L. Kavanagh, S. Kavanagh, M.A.A. Kawser, A. Kay, J. Kay, R. Kay, S. Kay, J.N. Kayappurathu, S. Kayastha, C. Kaye, A. Kazeem, P. KC, M. Ke, T. Keady, R. Kearns, N. Kearsley, J. Keating, L. Keating, E. Keddie-Gray, B. Keegan, R. Keen, N. Keenan, J. Kefas, S. Kegg, L. Keith, U. Keke, J. Kellett, J. Kelliher, A. Kelly, D. Kelly, E. Kelly, H. Kelly, L. Kelly, M. Kelly, R. Kelly, S. Kelly, M. Kelly-Baxter, O. Kelsall, M. Keltos, T. Kemp, E. Kendall, A. Kendall-Smith, S. Kennard, A. Kennedy, J. Kennedy, M. Kennedy, S. Kennedy-Hay, J. Kenny, M. Kent, L. Keogan, A. Keough, D. Kernaghan, A. Kerr, C. Kerrison, A. Kerry, H. Kerslake, I. Kerslake, H. Kerss, J. Keshet-Price, E. Kestelyn, G. Keyte, A. Khadar, D. Khadka, N.V. Khai, P. Khairunnisa, A. Khalid, H. Khalid, M. Khalid, M.U. Khalid, S. Khalid, T. Khalifa, A. Khalil, S. Khalil, A. Khan, B. Khan, F. Khan, M. Khan, K. Khan, M.A. Khan, N. Khan, O. Khan, R. Khan, S. Khan, T. Khan, W. Khan, Z. Khan, M.S. Khan Tharin, N.H. Khanh, U. Khatana, J. Khatri, H. Khatun, T. Khatun, M. Kheia, J. Khera, D. Khiem, D.P. Khiem, H.H.E. Khin, T.D. Khoa, N. Khoja, K. Khokhar, M.Q. Khong, J. Khoo, V.T. Khuong, C. Khurana, J. Kibaru, F. Kibutu, A. Kidd, M. Kidd, J. Kidney, S. Kidney, W. Kieffer, T. Kien, T.V. Kien, J. Kilbane, C. Kilby, E. Killen, B. Kilner, S. Kilroy, B. Kim, J.W. Kim, M. Kim, A. Kimber, S. Kimber, A. King, B. King, H. King, J. King, K. King, M. King, R. King, S. King, V. King, E. King-Oakley, L. Kingsmore, D.J. Kinnear, F. Kinney, S. Kiran, A. Kirby, A. Kirk, J. Kirk, A. Kirkby, E. Kirkham, G. Kirkman, L. Kirkpatrick, U. Kirwan, T. Kitching, L. Kitto, L. Kittridge, T. Kjoa, S. Klaczek, F. Kleemann, S. Kmachia, V. KN, C.P. Knapp, L. Knibbs, A. Knight, F. Knight, M. Knight, S. Knight, T. Knight, E. Knights, J. Knights, M. Knolle, P. Knopp, C. Knowles, K. Knowles, L. Knowles, E. Knox, L. Knox, O. Koch, M. Kocsor, R. Kodituwakku, G. Koduri, Y.J. Koe, J. Koirala, A. Koirata, E. Kolakaluri, M. Kolodziej, E. Kolokouri, S. Kon, N. Konar, M. Kononen, A. Konstantinidis, R. Kontogonis, H. Koo, I. Koopmans, E. Kopyj, L. Korcierz, J. Korolewicz, G. Koshy, C. Kosmidis, C. Kosztolanyi, J. Kotecha, E. Kothandaraman, R. Kothavale, K. Koukou, A. Kountourgioti, K. Kouranloo, R. Kousar, M. Kousteni, A. Koutalopoula, M. Kovac, A. Kozak Eskenazia, K. Krasauskas, R. Krishnamurthy, V. Krishnamurthy, M. Krishnan, H. Krishnan, N. Krishnapalli, S. Krizak, S. Krueper, S. Krupej, J. Krzowski, R. Kubaisi, S. Kubheka, A. Kubisz-Pudelko, S. Kuckreja, S. Kudsk-Iversen, A. Kudzinskas, C. Kukadiya, N. Kulkarni, S. Kumala Dewi, M. Kuma-Mintah, A. Kumar, G. Kumar, M. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. Kumar, V. Kumar, P. Kumar Panda, A. Kundu, H. Kunst, S.S. Kunwar, K. Kupiec, A. Kurani, M. Kurdy, K. Kuriakose, R. Kurian, V. Kurmars, C. Kuronen-Stewart, R.S. Kusangaya, V. Kushakovsky, A. Kutera, A. Kuverji, A. Kyei-Mensah, H. Kyepa, T. Kyere-Diabour, M. Kyi, N.M. Kyi, L. Kyle, K.-T. Kyriaki, J. Labao, L. Labuschagne, L. Lacey, N. Lack, M. Lacson, Z. Ladan, E. Ladlow, H. Lafferty, A. Lagnado, S. Laha, S. Lahane, C. Lai, J. Lai, P. Laidler, R. Laing, I. Laing-Faiers, E. Laity, K. Lake, N. Lakeman, D. Lalloo, F. Lalloo, A. Lam, C. Lam, F. Lamb, L. Lamb, T. Lamb, O. Lambert, P. Lambert, C. Lameirinhas, M.K.G. Lami, H. Lamont, M. Lamparski, D. Lamrani, C. Lanaghan, I. Lancona-Malcolm, G. Landers, M.J. Landray, M. Lane, N. Lane, A. Lang, S. Lang, D. Langer, M. Langley, C. Langoya, E. Langridge, E. Langthorne, H. Langton, B. Lara, T. Large, L.N. Lartey, S. Lassa, A. Last, S. Latham, V. Latham, A. Latheef, L. Latif, N. Latt, C. Lau, D. Lau, E. Lau, G.G. Laura, M. Laurenson, E. Lavington, H. Law, J. Law, K.Y. Law, P. Law, R. Law, L. Lawless, C. Lawrence, E. Lawrence, G. Lawrence, H.M. Lawrence, N. Lawrence, R. Lawrie, L. Lawson, N. Lawson, R. Lawson, M. Lay, S. Laybourne, C. Laycock, R. Layug, M. Lazo, D.H. Le, T.T. Le, V. Le, A. Lea, W. Lea, L.E. Leach, I. Leadbitter, T. Leahy, R. Lean, L. Leandro, D. Leaning, R. Leary, S. Leason, M.A. Ledingham, C. Lee, E. Lee, G. Lee, H. Lee, I. Lee, J. Lee, S. Lee, S.H. Lee, T. Lee, X. Lee, R. Lee, D. Lees, J. Lees, H. Legge, J. Leggett, K. Leigh-Ellis, D. Leitch, N. Leitch, E. Lekoudis, P. Lemessy, N. Lemoine, R. Lenagh, K. Leng, K. Lennon, L. Lennon, B. Leonard, K. Leonard, W. Leong, N. Leopold, O. Lepiarczyk, I. Leslie, E.N. Lestari, E. Lester, E. Levell, C. Levett, A. Levynska, A. Lewin, A. Lewis, C. Lewis, D. Lewis, H. Lewis, J. Lewis, K. Lewis, L. Lewis, M. Lewis, N. Lewis, R. Lewis, C. Lewis-Clarke, A. Lewszuk, P. Lewthwaite, S. Ley, A. Liao, V. Licence, D. Lieberman, S. Liebeschuetz, T. Light, N. Lightfoot, P. Lillie, A. Lillis, B. Lim, C. Lim, E.T. Lim, I. Lim, T. Lim, W. Lim, W.S. Lim, J. Limb, D. Limbu, U. Limbu, C. Linares, D. Linden, G. Lindergard, K. Lindley, C. Lindsay, E. Lindsay, M. Lindsay, H. Lindsay-Clarke, M. Ling, C. Lingam, N.V.H. Linh, V.D. Linh, L. Linkson, T. Linn, M. Linney, C. Lippold, G. Lipscomb, K. Lipscomb, L. Lipskis, A. Lisboa, E. Lister, J. Little, S. Little, L. Littlejohn, S. Liu, X. Liu, D.K. Llanera, R. Llewellyn, M. Llewelyn, A. Lloyd, O. Lloyd, R. Lloyd, S. Lo, D. Loader, C. Loan, L. Lobosco, L. Lock, S. Lock, A. Locke, J. Locke, T. Locke, T. Lockett, J. Lodge, K. Lodhia, M. Lofthouse, H. Loftus, M. Logan, C. Logue, S.Y. Loh, S. Lokanathan, K. Lomme, E. London, G. Long, N. Long, K. Longbottom, B. Longhurst, M. Longshaw, S. Longstaffe, J. Lonnen, C. Lonsdale, L. Looby, R. Loosley, L. Lopes, P. Lopez, R.W. Lord, S. Lord, C. Lorimer, F. Loro, R. Lorusso, C. Loughlin, W. Lovegrove, R. Loveless, M. Lovell, A. Loverdou, A. Low, J. Low, S. Low, A. Lowe, C. Lowe, E. Lowe, F. Lowe, L. Lowe, M. Lowe, R. Lowsby, V. Lowthorpe, G. Lubimbi, A. Lubina Solomon, G. Lucas, J. Lucas, A. Lucey, O. Lucey, S. Luck, L.H. Lui, A. Luintel, H. Luke, J. Luke, N. Lungu, A. Lunia, M. Lunn, J. Luo, M. Luscombe, J. Luveta, C.N. Luximon, K. Lwin, M. Lwin, A. Lye, B. Lyell, E. Lyka, A. Lynas, C. Lynch, D. Lynch, S. Lynch, R.-G. Maamari, H. Mabb, L. Mabelin, G. Mabeza, J. Macaro, K. Macconaill, C. Macdonald, A. Macduff, C. Macfadyen, J.G. Macfarlane, J. Macfarlane, L. Macfarlane, I. Macharia, L. MacInnes, I. MacIntyre, J. MacIntyre, K. Mack, C. Mackay, E. Mackay, L. Mackay, A. Mackenzie, M. Mackenzie, R. MacKenzie Ross, A. Mackey, F. Mackie, J. Mackie, R. Mackie, C. Mackinlay, C. Mackintosh, K. Mackintosh, M.J. MacLeod, S. Macleod, M. Macmahon, A. MacNair, C. Macphee, I. Macpherson, C. Macrae, A. MacRaild, Y. Madani, A. Madden, M. Madden, C. Madden-McKee, S. Maddison, N. Madeja, P. Madhivathanan, M. Madhusudhana, A. Madu, L. Madziva, M. Mafham, S. Magar, N. Magee, F. Magezi, N. Maghsoodi, C. Magier, L.M. Magnaye, M. Magriplis, M. Magtalas, N.P. Magula, N. Mahabir, S. Mahadevan-Bava, S. Mahajan, A. Maharajh, K. Maharjan, M. Maharjan, A. Mahaveer, B. Mahay, K. Mahay, A. Mahdi, H. Mahdi, N. Mahdi, T. Mahendiran, S. Mahendran, S. Maher, A. Maheswaran, S. Maheswaran, T. Maheswaran, P. Mahjoob-Afag, A. Mahmood, F. Mahmood, H. Mahmood, W. Mahmood, Z. Mahmood, H. Mahmoud, M. Mahmud, E. Mahony, T. Mahungu, O. Maiga, L. Mair, T. Majekdunmi, K. Majid, A. Major, R. Major, J. Majumdar, M.K.H. Majumder, T.L.A. Mak, A. Makan, E. Makanju, S. Makin, W.-O. Makinde, Y. Makkeyah, O.N. Makoetlane, M. Malanca, H. Malcolm, F. Malein, N. Malhan, A. Malicka, A. Malik, G. Malik, M. Maljk, P. Mallett, P. Mallinder, G. Mallison, L. Mallon, E. Malone, G. Maloney, M. Mamman, I. Man, K. Man, R. Mancinelli, M. Mancuso-Marcello, S. Mandal, S.K. Mandal, T. Manders, L. Manderson, J. Mandeville, T. Mane, R. Manhas, C. Maniero, R. Manikonda, I. Manjra, R. Mankiewitz, B. Mann, J. Manning, S. Manning, P. Mannion, K. Mansi, K. Manso, D. Mansour, M. Mansour, R. Mansour, I.T. Mapfunde, P. Mappa, A. Maqsood, H. Maraj, C. Marchand, N. Marcus, A. Marcyniuk, M. Marecka, D. Maren, G. Margabanthu, J. Margalef, L. Margarit, G. Margaritopoulos, M. Margarson, F. Maria del Rocio, T. Maria Pfyl, V. Mariano, A. Maric, G. Markham, B. Marks, M. Marks, P. Marks, E. Marler, E. Marouzet, A. Marriott, C. Marriott, N. Marriott, C. Marsden, K. Marsden, P. Marsden, S. Marsden, T. Marsden, C. Marsh, G. Marsh, R. Marsh, A. Marshall, G. Marshall, H. Marshall, J. Marshall, N. Marshall, R. Marshall, S. Marshall, E. Martin, G. Martin, H. Martin, J. Martin, K. Martin, L. Martin, M. Martin, N. Martin, T. Martin, W. Martin, S. Martin, T. Martindale, M. Martineau, L. Martinez, J.C. Martinez Garrido, J. Martin-Lazaro, V.K. Maruthamuthu, B. Marwan, G. Maryan, R. Mary-Genetu, S. Maryosh, V. Masani, A. Mascagni, D. Maseda, Z. Maseko, S. Mashate, Y. Mashhoudi, A. Mashta, I. Masih, S. Masih, N. Maskell, P. Maskell, P. Maskey, M. Masoli, J. Mason, R. Mason, C. Mason, M. Masood, M.T. Masood, S.S.M.E. Masood, T. Massa, I. Massey, J. Masters, A. Masud, L. Matapure, C. Matei, R. Matewe, E. Matey, M. Matharu, S. Mathen, A. Mather, N. Mather, J. Mathers, J. Matheson, A. Mathew, M. Mathew, V. Mathew, J. Mathews, K. Mathias, A. Mathioudakis, S. Matibela, D. Matila, W. Matimba-Mupaya, N. Matin, E. Matisa, E. Matkins, M. Matonhodze, E. Matovu, J. Mattappillil, A.J. Matthews, C. Matthews, H. Matthews, L. Mattocks, C. Maughan, T.T. Maulidya, E. Mawson, F. Maxton, A. Maxwell, V. Maxwell, E. May, J. May, P. May, I. Mayanagao, M. Maycock, J. Mayer, G. Mayers, V.A. Maynard, K. Mayne, T. Mayo, L. Mayola, S. Mayor, I. Mazen, T. Mazhani, A. Mazzella, N. Mburu, A. Mbuyisha, C. Mc Cague, E. McAleese, P. McAlinden, L. McAllister, A. McAlpine, G. McAlpine, J. McAndrew, H. McAuley, S. McAuliffe, C. McBrearty, E. McBride, M. McBuigan, J. McBurney, L. McCabe, G.L. McCafferty, L. McCafferty, A. McCairn, J. McCammon, N. McCammon, C. McCann, E. McCann, A. McCarrick, B. McCarron, E. McCarthy, M. McCarthy, N. McCarthy, S. McCaughey, T. McClay, B. McClelland, D. McClintock, M. McCloskey, K. McCollum, A. McCorkindale, P. McCormack, J. McCormick, W. McCormick, P. McCourt, J. McCrae, S. McCready, G. McCreath, H. McCreedy, C. McCue, I.J. McCullagh, L. McCullagh, M. McCullagh, C. McCullough, K. McCullough, N. McCullough, S. McCullough, F. McCurrach, J. McDermott, P. McDermott, R. McDermott, K. McDevitt, H. McDill, B. McDonald, C. McDonald, D. McDonald, R. McDonald, S. McDonald, N. McDonnell, C. McDougall, L. McDougall, R. McDougall, I. McEleavy, F. McElwaine, J. McEntee, E. McEvoy, C. McEwan, R. McEwen, M. McFadden, D. McFarland, M. McFarland, R. McFarland, J. McFlynn, E. McGarry, L. McGarvey, A. McGeachan, F. McGee, L. McGenily, C. McGettigan, M. McGettrick, C. McGhee, F. McGill, S. McGinnity, N. McGlinchey, P. McGlone, D. McGlynn, C. McGoldrick, E. McGough, C. McGovern, R. McGovern, A. McGowan, A. McGown, B. McGrath, A. McGregor, M.P. McGuigan, H. McGuinness, S. McGuire, T. McHugh, C. McInnes, N. McInnes, J. McIntosh, K. McIntyre, M. McIntyre, L. McKay, C.P. McKeag, J. McKeane, M. McKee, J. McKeever, J. McKenna, S. McKenna, M. McKenzie, D. McKeogh, C. McKerr, A.M. McKie, H. Mckie, L. Mckie, G. McKnight, H. McLachlan, A. McLaren, B. McLaren, N. McLarty, D. Mclaughlan, M. McLaughlin, J. McLay, M. McLeish, T. McLennan, S. McLure, A.M. McMahon, G. McMahon, M. McMahon, S. McMahon, T. McManus, M. McMaster, P. McMaster, F. Mcmeeken, S. McMeekin, N. McMillan, K. McMillen, J. McMinn, L. McMorrow, H. McMullen, C. McMurran, H. McNally, F. McNeela, L. McNeil, C. McNeill, J. McNeill, S. McNeill, U. McNelis, M. McNulty, R. McNulty, C. McParland, M. McPhail, A. McQueen, A. McSkeane, D. McSorland, T. McSorley, G. McTaggart, J. McTaggart, J. Mead, P. Mead, E. Meadows, O. Meakin, B. Mearns, C. Mearns, K. Mears, W. Mears, M. Meda, A. Mediana, R. Medine, T. Medveczky, S. Meehan, E. Meeks, A. Megan, N. Meghani, S. Meghjee, S. Megson, A. Mehar, M.N. Mehmood, R. Mehra, R. Mehta, G. Meintjes, J. Meirill, J. Meiring, R. Mejri, E. Mekonnen, S. Melander, A.-S. Melinte, J. Mellersh, L. Melling, C. Mellish, F. Mellor, J. Mellor, S. Mellor, Z. Mellor, K. Mellows, V. Melnic, A. Melville, D. Melville, J. Melville, H. Membrey, M. Mencias, A. Mendelski, M. Mendelson, C. Mendonca, C. Meney, C. Menezes, W. Mensah, J.E. Mensshan, A. Mentzer, D. Menzies, S. Menzies, S. Mepham, O. Mercer, P. Mercer, A. Merchant, F. Merchant, M. Mercioniu, M. Meredith, M. Merida Morillas, B. Merrick, J. Merritt, S. Merritt, P. Merron, E. Merwaha, S. Message, J. Messenger, G. Metcalf-Cuenca, A. Metcalfe, B. Metcalfe, K. Metcalfe, S. Metherell, A. Metryka, L. Mew, S. Meyrick, N. Mguni, J. Mhlongo, A. Miah, J. Miah, N. Miah, A. Mian, G. Mic, L. Micah-Amuah, D. Micallef, A. Michael, S. Michael, N. Michalak, L. Michalca-Mason, O. Michalec, J. Middle, H. Middleton, J. Middleton, M. Middleton, S. Middleton, S. Mieres, L. Mihalca-Mason, T. Mikolasch, S. Milgate, C. Millar, J. Millar, J. Millard, D. Miller, J. Miller, L. Miller, R. Miller, N. Miller-Biot, A. Miller-Fik, L. Millett, B. Milligan, H. Milligan, I. Milligan, C. Milliken, K. Millington, R. Millington, S. Millington, H. Mills, J. Mills, R. Mills, H. Millward, R. Miln, A. Milne, C. Milne, L. Milne, J. Milner, L. Milner, Z. Min, S. Mindel, N. Minh, P.A. Minkah, C. Minnis, P. Minnis, K. Minou, N. Minskip, J. Minton, F. Miranda, M. Mirela, T. Mirza, A. Misbahuddin, A. Mishra, B. Mishra, E. Mishra, R. Mishra, S. Misra, D. Mistry, H. Mistry, D. Mital, S. Mitchard, B. Mitchell, C. Mitchell, L.J. Mitchell, P. Mitchell, P. Mitchelmore, A. Mitra, S. Mitra, N. Mlambo, E. Moakes, K. Moar, E. Moatt, D. Mock Font, G. Modgil, A. Mohamed, O. Mohamed, A. Mohammad, W. Mohammad, A. Mohammed, O. Mohammed, Y.N.S. Mohammed, B. Mohamud, A. Moharram, H.-P. Mok, J. Mok, L. Mokogwu, M. Molina, C. Moller-Christensen, M. Mollet, M. Molloholli, A. Molloy, L. Molloy, A. Molyneux, R. Molyneux, T. Momoniat, H. Monaghan, K. Monaghan, S. Mongolu, T. Monika, K. Monsell, M. Montasser, A. Montgomery, H. Montgomery, P. Moodley, M. Moody, N. Moody, A. Moon, J. Moon, J.-H. Moon, M. Moon, M. Moonan, P. Moondi, S. Moorby, J. Moorcroft, A. Moore, C. Moore, D.A.J. Moore, F. Moore, J. Moore, L. Moore, N. Moore, S. Moore, V. Moore, R. Moores, E. Morab, J. Morales, N. Moramorell, L. Moran, G. Moray, J. Moreno-Cuesta, A. Morgan, C. Morgan, H. Morgan, K. Morgan, L. Morgan, M. Morgan, P. Morgan, K. Morgan-Jones, E. Morgan-Smith, J. Morilla, A. Morley, T. Morley, W. Morley, A. Morris, D. Morris, F. Morris, H. Morris, J. Morris, K. Morris, L. Morris, M.-A. Morris, N. Morris, P. Morris, S. Morris, D. Morrison, M. Morrison, S. Morrison, M. Morrissey, A.C. Morrow, A. Morrow, F. Morselli, G. Mortem, V. Mortland, C. Morton, G. Morton, P. Morzaria, D. Mosby, L. Moseley, K. Moshal, B. Moshy, A. Moss, C. Moss, J. Moss, S. Moss, O. Mostafa, G. Moth, N. Motherwell, S. Mottershaw, H. Moudgil, J. Mouland, C. Moulds, H. Moulton, G. Mounce, E. Mousley, C. Mowatt, K. Moxham, B. Moya, Q. Moyo, E. Mshengu, S. Mtuwa, A. Muazzam, I.A. Muazzam, N. Muchenje, D. Mudawi, G. Muddegowda, R. Mufti, I. Mugal, A. Mughal, J. Muglu, F. Muhammad, J. Muhammad, C. Muir, A. Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, J. Mukhtar, S.A.A. Mukhtar, D. Mukimbiri, J. Mulcahy, M. Mulcahy, P. Mulgrew, B. Mulhearn, A. Mulla, D. Mullan, D. Mullasseril Kutten, N. Mullen, R. Mullett, C. Mulligan, S. Mulligan, L. Mumelj, A. Mumford, M. Munavvar, H. Munby, H. Munday, A. Munro, S. Munt, M. Mupudzi, A. Murad, O.H. Muraina, K. Muralidhara, M. Murdoch, J. Murira, A. Murphy, B. Murphy, C. Murphy, E. Murphy, G. Murphy, H. Murphy, P. Murphy, R. Murphy, S. Murphy, C. Murray, D. Murray, E. Murray, K. Murray, L. Murray, T. Murray, E. Murtagh, M. Murthy, C. Murton, R. Murton, N. Muru, R. Musanhu, M. Mushabe, O. Mushtaq, S. Musini, A.M.M. Mustafa, E. Mustafa, M. Mustafa, I. Mustapha, N. Mustfa, Z. Mustufvi, C. Mutch, R. Mutch, E. Mutema, B. Muthukrishnan, S. Mutton, N. Muzengi, M. Mwadeyi, B. Mwale, E. Mwaura, R. Myagerimath, A. Myers, S. Myers, J.S. Myerson, K. Myint, Y. Myint, G. Mynott, L. Myslivecek, P. Nabayego, E. Nadar, I. Nadeem, M. Nadheem, B. Nadjm, A. Naeem, H. Naeem, S. Naeem, S. Nafees, M. Nafei, W. Naftalia, T. Nagarajan, L. Naglik, I. Nagra, D. Nagra, M. Naguib, K. Naguleswaran, K.S. Nagumantry, K. Naicker, S. Naidoo, V. Naidoo, G. Naik, R. Naik, S. Naik, D.S. Nair, R. Nair, T. Nair, J. Naisbitt, K. Naismith, D. Nakiboneka-Ssenabulya, S. Nallapareddy, S. Nallapeta, A. Nallasivan, H. Nam, U. Nanda, A. Nandani, T. Nandwani, A.R. Naqvi, A. Naqvi, S. Naqvi, S. Nasa, D. Nash, N. Nasheed, A. Nasimudeen, U. Nasir, N. Nasronudin, T. Nasser, A. Natarajan, G. Natarajan, N. Natarajan, R. Natarajan, P. Nath, N. Nathaniel, M. Nathvani, P. Nathwani, G. Nava, N. Navaneetham, J. Navaratnam, H. Navarra, S. Naveed, J. Navin, K. Nawaz, S. Nawaz, B. Nayar, S. Naylor, M. Nayyar, F. Naz, M. Naz, B. Nazari, A. Nazir, S. Nazir, D. Ncomanzi, O. Ndefo, N.B. Ndoumbe, A. Neal, E. Neary, M. Negmeldin, J. Neil, P. Neill, H.E. Neils, A. Nejad, J. Nel, L. Nel, A. Nelson, B. Nelson, L. Nelson, M. Nelson, R. Nelson, S. Nelson, E. Nelwan, E.J. Nelwan, R. Nemane, S. Nepal, D. Nethercott, K. Netherton, K. Nettleton, J. Neupane, K. Neupane, A. Newby, D. Newby, T. Newcombe, H. Newell, C. Newman, D. Newman, H. Newman, J. Newman, O. Newman, T. Newman, R. Newport, M. Newton, A.Y.K.C. Ng, H.E.J. Ng, K.W. Ng, M. Ng, S. Ng, W.J. Ng, Y.W.M. Ng, T. Ngan, T.H. Ngo, G.C.E. Ngui, A. Ngumo, H.K. Nguyen, M.T. Nguyen, N. Nguyen, N.T. Nguyen, N.T.T. Nguyen, Q. Nguyen, T.H. Nguyen, T.H.T. Nguyen, T.T. Nguyen, T.T.N. Nguyen, T.T.P. Nguyen, K. Ngwenya, N.Y. Nhi, C. Nic Fhogartaigh, N. Nicholas, P. Nicholas, R. Nicholas, D. Nicholls, L. Nicholls, S. Nicholls, A. Nicholson, I. Nickson, E. Nicol, R. Nicol, P. Nicola, A. Nicoll, T. Nightingale, F. Nikita, P. Nikolaos, G. Nikonovich, A. Nilsson, K. Nimako, L. Nimako, C. Nimmo, P. Ninan, T. Ninh, M. Nirmalan, R. Niroula, A. Nisar, M. Nisar, T. Nisar, T. Nisbett, A. Nisha James, S. Nishat, T. Nishiyama, S. Nix, J. Nixon, M. Nixon, K. Nizam Ud Din, M. Nizami, S. Nizamis, R. Njafuh, I. Noakes, L. Noba, J. Noble, H. Noble, H.M. Noe, J. Nolan, J. Nolasco, Z. Noor, Z. Noori, J. Norcliffe, L. Norman, R. Norman, E. Norris, K. Norris, L. Norris, S.A. Nortcliffe, F. North, J. North, T. North, J. Northfield, S. Northover, J. Nortje, D. Norton, R. Norton, H. Notman, K. Nourein, T. Novak, N. Novas Duarte, C. Novis, J.A. Nowak, K.P. Nu, M. Nugdallah, A. Nugent, J. Nugent, C. Nugroho, N. Numbere, K. Nundlall, A. Nune, K. Nunn, M. Nunn, J. Nunnick, Y. Nupa, F. Nur, Z. Nurgat, R. Nurpeni, A. Nuttall, L. Nwafor, P. Nwajiugo, G. Nyamugunduru, L. Nyanor, M. Nyirenda, K. Nyland, D.O. Rinn, D.O. Shea, M. O Toole, M. O’Hara, C. O’Hara, L. O’Keefe, K. O’Reilly, W. O’Rourke, C. Oakley, N. Oakley, S. Oakley, H.T.K. Oanh, B. Obale, C. Oboh, C. O'Brien, J. O'Brien, K. O'Brien, L. O'Brien, N. O'Brien, R. O'Brien, T. O'Brien, E. O'Bryan, R. Obukofe, C. O'Callaghan, L. O'Connell, T. OConnor, C. O'Connor, G. O'Connor, M. Odam, S. Oddie, S. Oddy, Y. Odedina, K. Odedra, S. Odelberg, N. Odell, O. Oderinde, J. Odone, L. O'Donohoe, C. O'Donovan, I. Odysseos-Beaumont, S. O'Farrell, P. Offord, M. O'Flaherty, E. Ofori, T. Ogbara, C. Ogilvie, C. O'Gorman, I. Ogunjembola, O. Ogunkeye, U. Ohia, S. Ojha, O. Ojo, F. O'kane, M. O'Kane, T. Okeke, E. OKell, A. Okines, I. Okpala, E. Okpo, F. Okpoko, M. Okubanjo, C. Oladipo, L. Olaivar, R. Olaiya, J. Olatujoye, T. Old, G. Oleszkiewicz, A. Oliver, C. Oliver, J. Oliver, L. Oliver, M. Oliver, Z. Oliver, J. Oliver-Commey, N.O. Olokoto, F. Olonipile, O. Olufuwa, O. Olukoya, A. Oluwole-Ojo, L. O'Malley, I.V. Omale, P.K. Omane-Donkor, M. Omar, Z. Omar, N. Omer, E. Omoregie, C. O'Neill, L. O'Neill, C. Ong, O. Onuoha, C. Onyeagor, C.N. Oo, Z. Oo, H.C. Ooi, S.H. Ooi, A. Oomatia, A. Opata, M. Opena, R. Oram, C. Ord, J. Ord, C. Oreilly, L. Orekoya, D. O'Riordan, S. O'Riordan, I. Orlikowska, A. Orme, H. Orme, L. O'Rourke, C. Orr, S. Orr, C. Orton, A. Osadcow, R. Osagie, R. Osanlou, L. Osborne, N. Osborne, R. Osborne, W. Osborne, C. Osbourne, J. Osei-Bobie, J. Osman, W. Osman, B. Osman, G. Osoata, M. Ostermann, E. O'Sullivan, S. O'Sullivan, M.A. Oteng, N. Otey, O.K. Otite, M. O'Toole, J. Ouyang, R. Owen, S. Owen, E. Owens, C. Owoo, Y. Owoseni, M. Owston, R. Oxlade, F. Ozdes, J. Pack, A. Packham, S. Packham, P. Paczko, G. Padden, A. Padmakumar, C. Page, I. Page, J. Page, S. Page, V. Page, J. Paget, K. Pagett, V. Pai, L. Paisley, S. Pajak, G. Pakou, A. Pakozdi, S. Pal, A. Palacios, V.B. Palagiri Sai, V. Palaniappan, P. Palanivelu, A. Palfreeman, H. Palfrey, V. Palissery, D. Palit, S. Pallipparambil Antony, J. Palman, A. Palmer, H. Palmer, J. Palmer, L. Palmer, R. Palmer, A. Pambouka, I. Pamphlett, D. Pan, A. Pandey, N. Pandian, K. Pandya, T. Pandya, H.R. Paneru, A. Panes, J. Pang, Y.W. Pang, R. Pangeni, L. Pannell, K. Pannu, S. Pant, S. Panthakalam, C.T. Pantin, N. Pao, H. Papaconstantinou, N.S. Papavarnavas, P. Papineni, K. Paques, A.W. Paracha, K. Paradowski, V. Parambil, S. Paranamana, S.R. Parashar, I. Parberry, A. Parekh, D. Parekh, L. Parfitt, H. Parfrey, O. Parikh, G. Parish, J. Park, V. Parkash, A. Parker, B. Parker, E. Parker, H. Parker, J. Parker, L. Parker, N. Parker, S. Parker, K. Parkin, A. Parkinson, M. Parkinson, V. Parkinson, C. Parmar, V. Parmar, V. Parris, C. Parrish, B. Parry, H.C. Parry, S. Parslow-Williams, M. Parsonage, G. Parsons, J. Parsons, P. Parsons, R. Partridge, Z. Parvez, K. Parvin, L. Passby, S. Passey, H. Passmore, J. Pastrana, J. Patachako, M. Patal, S. Patch, A. Patel, B. Patel, D. Patel, H. Patel, J. Patel, K. Patel, M. Patel, N. Patel, P. Patel, S. Patel, T. Patel, Z. Patel, V. Patel, K. Paterson, S. Pathak, N. Pathan, A. Patience, D. Patience, B. Patil, R. Patmore, S. Patole, L. Paton, A. Patrick, G. Patrick, J. Patrick, S. Patten, B. Pattenden, C. Patterson, J. Patterson, L. Patterson, M. Patterson, R. Patterson, M. Pattrick, D. Paudel, K. Paudel, M. Paudel, S. Paudel, M. Paul, S. Paul, L. Pauls, S. Paulus, A. Pavely, M.J. Pavitt, S. Pavord, B. Payne, E. Payne, M. Payne, R. Payne, L. Peacock, S. Peacock, H. Peake, J. Pearce, R. Pearse, A. Pearson, D. Pearson, H. Pearson, K. Pearson, S. Pearson, S.A. Pearson, A. Peasley, H. Peddie, S. Peebles, R. Peek, A. Peer, S. Peerbhoy, C. Pegg, E. Peggie, H. Peggie, S. Peglar, B.H. Peirce, M. Peirse, C. Pelham, A. Pemberton, M. Penacerrada, A. Pender, C. Pendlebury, J. Pendlebury, R. Penfold, C. Penman, J. Penman, R. Penman, J. Penner, K. Penney, A. Pennington, J. Penny, J. Pepperell, R. Percival, A. Pereira, R. Pereira, C. Pereira Dias Alves, I. Perera, M. Perera, E. Perez, J. Perez, T. Perinpanathan, L. Periyasamy, E. Perkins, I. Pernicova, E. Perritt, A. Perry, E. Perry, M. Perry, T.M. Perumpral, G. Pessoa-Amorim, R. Petch, L. Peter, C. Peters, L. Peters, M. Peters, S. Peters, T. Peters, A. Peterson, R. Petersen, L. Peto, I. Petras, B. Petrova, M. Petrova, E. Petrovics, T. Pettigrew, M. Pezard-Snell, P. Pfeffer, G. Phalod, N.T. Pham, V.P. Pham, T.T.H. Phan, M. Phanish, P. Phelan, C. Philbey, J. Philbin, A. Phillips, B. Phillips, D. Phillips, N. Phillips, P. Phillips, R. Phillips, T. Phillips, M. Phipps, N. Phong, N.T. Phong, V. Phongsathorn, P. Phuc, P.V. Phuc, M. Phull, H. Phung, H.T.K. Phung, H.M. Phuong, N. Phuong, A. Phuyal, A.K. Phyo, M.T.T. PI, S. Pick, J. Pickard, C. Pickering, F. Pickering, G. Pickering, T. Pickett, J. Pickles, S. Pickstock, B. Pickwell-Smith, N. Pieniazek, C. Piercy, A. Pieris, S. Pilgrim, P.A. Pillai, S. Pillay, L. Pilling, Z. Pilsworth, H. Pinches, S. Pinches, K. Pine, M.T. Pinjala, S. Pintus, G. Piper, T. Pirani, M. Pitchford, M. Pittman, S. Pitts, N. Plaatjies, N. Platt, R. Pleass, M. Plowright, L. Plummer, C. Plumptre, J. Pobjoy, T. Pogreban, C. Poku, S. Poku, P. Polgarova, R. Pollard, L. Pollock, O. Poluyi, G.J. Polwarth, F. Pomery, I.M.F. Ponce, P. Ponnusamy, S. Ponnusamy, A. Ponnuswamy, I. Ponte Bettencourt dos Reis, S. Pooboni, A. Poole, L. Poole, M. Poole, S. Poon, T. Poonian, J. Porteous, M. Porteous, D. Porter, J. Porter, L. Porter, R. Porter, A. Posada, K. Postlethwaite, M. Potdar, C. Pothecary, N. Pothina, P. Potla, D. Potoczna, J. Pott, A. Potter, J. Potter, S. Potter, T. Potter, E. Potton, J.B. Potts, J. Potts, K. Potts, K. Poudel, B. Poudyal, U. Poultney, K. Poulton, V. Poustie, J. Powell, N. Powell, S. Powell, D. Power, N. Power, S. Power, J. Poxon, E. Poyner, R. Poyner, A. Prabhu, S. Prabowo, V. Pradhan, G. Pradip, H. Prady, R. Prananingtias, A. Prasad, K. Prasad, U. Prasad, F. Prasanth Raj, S. Prasath, Prathima, N. Pratiwi, A. Pratley, S. Pratt, C.B. Prayuda, D. Preiss, C. Prendergast, L. Prentice, P. Prentice, V. Prescott, L. Presland, C. Prest, S. Preston, M. Pretorius, N. Prevatt, S. Prew, A. Price, C. Price, D. Price, E. Price, K. Price, L.J. Price, N. Price, V. Price, R. Price-Eland, A. Priest, J. Prieto, L. Primrose, C. Prince, J. Prince, L. Prince, S. Pringle, M. Prior-Ong, V. Pristopan, K. Pritchard, L. Pritchard, S. Pritchard, V. Priyash, A. Procter, C. Proctor, M. Protopapas, R. Proudfoot, B. Prudon, D. Pryor, S. Pudi, A. Puffett, J. Pugh, L. Pugh, M.T. Pugh, N. Pugh, R. Pugh, V. Puisa, E. Puji Lestari, S. Puliyakkadi, J. Pullen, K. Punia, S. Punnilath Abdulsamad, L. Purandare, D. Purchase, C. Purdue, R. Purdy, B. Purewal, R. Purnell, M. Pursell, G. Purssord, R. Purves, S. Purvis, K. Puspatriani, D. Putensen, S.I. Putu, B. Puvaneswaran, A. Puxty, K. Puxty, Z. Puyrigaud, E. Pyart, E. Pye, M. Pynn, T. Qadeer, M. Qayum, C. Quah, S. Quaid, N. Quail, C. Quamina, K. Quang, N.N. Quang, L. Quarm, G. Quartermaine, R. Quartey, T. Quasim, S. Quaye, A. Quayle, E. Quek, S. Quenby, P. Qui, X. Qui, V. Quick, J. Quigley, J.-C. Quijano-Campos, J. Quindoyos, A. Quinn, J. Quinn, T. Quinn, L.J. Quist, Q. Quratulain, D. Qureshi, E. Qureshi, H. Qureshi, I. Qureshi, K. Qureshi, N. Qureshi, Q. Qurratulain, S. Qutab, D.T.H. Quyen, D.T.N. Quyen, N.T.H. Quyen, M.S. Rabbani, S. Rabinowicz, M. Raceala, A. Rachid, B. Rachman, R. Rachman, L. Rad, J. Radford, L. Radford, J. Radhakrishnan, H. Rafferty, M.Y. Rafiq, S. Rafiq, C. Rafique, J. Rafique, M. Rafique, R. Ragatha, A. Raghunathan, A. Raguro, S.D. Raha, S. Rahama, M. Rahardjani, K. Rahilly, F. Rahim, A.H. Rahimi, H.R. Rahimi, M. Rahman, S.U. Rahman, S. Rahmany, P. Rai, S. Rai, L. Raisova, A. Raithatha, A. Raj, A. Rajagopal, P. Rajagopalan, N. Rajaiah, K. Rajalingam, A. Rajasekaran, A. Rajasri, B. Rajbhandari, S. Rajbhandari, T. Rajeswaran, J. Rajeswary, J. Rajkanna, I. Rajkumar, G. Rajmohan, R. Rallan, K. Ralston, M. Ralston, M. Ram, B. Ramabhadran, F. Ramali, M. Ramali, A. Ramanan, S. Ramanna, M. Ramasamy, I. Rambe, A. Ramchandani, D. Ramdin, J. Ramirez, M. Ramirez, G. Ramnarain, A. Ramnarine, L. Ramos, T. Rampling, S. Ramraj, J. Ramsay, A. Ramshaw, A. Rana, G.F. Rana, N. Rana, R. Rana, A. Rand, J. Rand, H. Randheva, P. Ranga, M. Rangar, H. Rangarajan, S. Ranjan, H. Rank, P. Ranka, R. Rankhelawon, A. Rankin, A. Rao, S. Rao, D. Rao, A.A. Rasheed, K. Rashid, M. Rason, V. Raspa, S. Rastogi, F. Rasul, S. Ratcliff, S. Ratcliffe, P. Rath, S. Rath, M.I. Rather, K. Rathod, S. Rathore, A. Ratnakumar, J. Ratoff, D. Rattehalli, D. Ravaccia, M. Raval, P. Ravencroft, J. Raw, R. Raw, M. Rawal, S.A. Rawashdeh, H. Rawlins, G. Ray, A. Raymond-White, D. Raynard, H. Rayner, N. Rayner, A. Raynsford, S. Razvi, Z. Razvi, K. Read, S. Read, M. Reay, A. Reddington, A. Reddy, H. Reddy, H. Redfearn, A. Redfern-Walsh, I. Redknap, N. Redman, A. Redome, J. Redome, A. Reed, J. Reed, A. Rees, C. Rees, H. Rees, J. Rees, M. Rees, S. Rees, T. Rees, E. Rees-Jones, F. Regan, K. Regan, M. Regan, S. Regan, K. Rege, A. Regmi, A. Rehan, A. Rehman, H. Rehman, S. Rehman, Z. Rehman, A. Reid, J. Reid, S. Reid, M. Reilly, S. Reilly, C. Reith, A. Reka, A. Remegoso, D. Rengan, L. Renouf, S. Renshaw, R. Renu Vattekkat, H. Reschreiter, M. Revels, A. Revill, G. Rewitzky, S. Rey, C. Reynard, D. Reynish, H. Reynolds, P. Reynolds, J. Rhodes, N. Riaz, P. Ribeiro, E. Rice, M. Rice, N. Rice, M. Rich, A. Richards, L. Richards, S. Richards, C. Richardson, E. Richardson, F. Richardson, J. Richardson, M. Richardson, N. Richardson, J. Riches, K. Riches, L. Richmond, R. Richmond, W. Ricketts, H. Rickman, A. Riddell, S. Ridgway, M. Ridha, C. Ridley, P. Ridley, G. Rieck, L. Rigby, M. Rigby, D. Rigler, S. Rijal, N. Rika, H. Riley, M. Riley, P. Riley, A. Rimainar, Z.V.P. Rimba, D. Rimmer, W. Rina, R. Rintoul, A. Riordan, D. Ripley, N. Rippon, C. Rishton, M. Riste, D. Ritchie, J. Ritchie, A. Ritchings, P. Rivera Ortega, V. Rivers, B. Rizvi, S.A.S. Rizvi, S.H.M. Rizvi, J. Robb, E. Robbins, C. Roberts, G. Roberts, I. Roberts, J. Roberts, K. Roberts, M. Roberts, N. Roberts, P. Roberts, R. Roberts, V. Roberts, C. Robertson, J. Robertson, K. Robertson, N. Robertson, S. Robertson, M. Robertson, N. Robin, C. Robinson, E. Robinson, G. Robinson, H. Robinson, J. Robinson, K. Robinson, L. Robinson, M. Robinson, N. Robinson, R. Robinson, S. Robinson, A. Robinson, S. Robson, A. Rocca, L. Roche, S. Roche, N. Rodden, A. Roddick, E. Roddy, J. Roddy, M. Roderick, A. Rodger, F. Rodger, M. Rodger, A. Rodgers, D. Rodgers, N. Rodgers, P. Rodgers, R. Rodriguez-Belmonte, N. Roe, C. Roehr, G. Rogers, J. Rogers, L. Rogers, M. Rogers, P. Rogers, S. Rogers, T. Rogers, J. Rojkova, K.K. Roka, S. Rokadiya, L. Rollins, J. Rollo, C. Rolls, A. Rond-Alliston, C. Rook, K. Rooney, L. Rooney, L.P. Rosaroso, E.J. Rosby, A. Rose, S. Rose, Z. Rose, J. Rosier, A. Roskilly, G.A. Ross, I. Ross, J. Ross, J. Rossdale, A. Ross-Parker, A. Rostron, A. Rosyid, A. Rothman, J. Rothwell, L. Roughley, C.A. Rourke, K. Rowan, N. Rowan, S. Rowan, A. Rowe, N. Rowe, L. Rowe-Leete, B. Rowlands, E. Rowlands, M. Rowley, S. Roy, M. Roycroft, A. Roynon-Reed, A.R. Royson, S. Rozewicz, A. Rudenko, S. Rudrakumar, B. Rudran, S. Ruff, P. Rughani, R. Rule, S. Rundell, E. Rushforth, J. Rushmer, D. Rusk, P. Russell, R. Russell, C. Russo, M. Rutgers, K. Rutkowski, A. Ryan, B. Ryan, K. Ryan, L. Ryan, M. Ryan, P. Ryan, D. Ryan-Wakeling, E. Rybka, M. Ryder, S. Ryder, M. Saad, G. Saalmink, J. Sabale, S. Sabaretnam, N. Sadiq, E. Sadler, A. Saffy, B. Sage, H. Sagoo, S. Sagrir, R. Saha, S. Saha, N. Sahdev, S. Sahedra, J. Sahota, N. Said, S. Saini, V. Saini, B. Saint, N. Sairam, A. Sajid, S. Sakthi, H. Sakuri, M. Saladi, A. Salam, A. Salberg, E. Salciute, G. Saleeb, M. Saleh, H. Salih, L. Salih, D. Salim, S. Salisbury, S. Saliu, R. Salman, J. Salmon, R. Salmon, D. Salutous, M. Sam, S. Sam, T. Samakomva, R. Saman, S. Samar, S. Saminathan, R. Samlal, E. Sammons, D. Sammut, M. Sammut, S. Sammut, T. Sammut, S. Sampath, C. Sampson, J. Sampson, A. Samson, J. Samuel, M. Samuel, R. Samuel, T.D.L. Samuel, Y. Samuel, K. Samuels, T. Samuels, J. Samways, M. Samyraju, I. Sana, V. Sanchez, A. Sanchez Gonzalez, A. Sanda-Gomez, P. Sandercock, J. Sanders, A. Sanderson, T. Sanderson, K. Sandhu, L. Sandhu, S. Sandow, V. Sandrey, S. Sands, L. Sanga, H. Sangha, J. Sanghera, M. Sangombe, M. Sanju, L. Sankaran, F. Santos, C. Santos Ferreira De Almeida, R. Santosh, J. Sanyal, A.F. Sanz-Cepero, Y. Sapkota, D. Saragih, D. Saralaya, A. Saraswati, A. Saraswatula, P. Saravanamuthu, S. Sarawade, J. Sarella, A. Sarfatti, R. Sargent, B. Sari, D. Sari, D. Sarkar, K. Sarkar, N. Sarkar, R. Sarkar, S. Sarma, P. Sarmiento, Z. Sarwar, T. Sass, K. Satchithananthasivam, S. Sathe, S. Sathianandan, A. Sathyanarayanan, S.J.P. Sathyanarayanan, T. Sathyapalan, P. Satodia, V. Saulite, A. Saunders, R. Saunders, S. Saunders, A. Saunderson, H. Savill, K. Savlani, G. Saxena, M. Saxton, A. Sayan, I. Sayers, D. Scaletta, D. Scanlon, J. Scanlon, L. Scarratt, S. Scattergood, A. Schadenberg, J. Schafers, W. Schneblen, E. Schofield, R. Schofield, S. Schofield, D. Scholes, K. Scholes, A. Schoolmeesters, N. Schumacher, N. Schunke, M. Schuster Bruce, K. Schwarz, A. Scobie, T. Scoones, T. Scorrer, A. Scott, C. Scott, E. Scott, K. Scott, L. Scott, M. Scott, S. Scott, T. Scott, Z. Scott, S. Scourfield, W. Scrase, N.A. Scriven, A. Scullion, T. Scullion, E. Seager, C. Seagrave, R. Seaman, E. Sear, I. Seaton, A. Seatter, A. Seckington, J. Sedano, G. Seddon, G. Sedgwick, Y. See, M.A. Seelarbokus, C. Sefton, M. Segovia, F. Seidu, G. Sekadde, F. Selby, G. Selby, C. Sellar, R. Sellars, K. Sellers, J. Selley, V. Sellick, G. Selvadurai, B. Selvarajah, H. Selvaskandan, S.S. Selvendran, J. Selwyn, A. Semmens, G. Semple, M. Sen, N. Sen, S. Sen, A. Sengupta, N. Sengupta, S. Senra, H. Senya, T. Serafimova, E. Sernicola, D. Sethi, S. Sethi, N. Setty, A. Seward, T. Sewdin, T.-A. Sewell, J. Seymour, K. Seymour, H. Shabbir, F. Shackley, T. Shafi, F. Shafique, A. Shah, B. Shah, H.-A. Shah, M. Shah, N. Shah, P. Shah, Q. Shah, R. Shah, S. Shah, S.H. Shah, W. Shah, S. Shahad, S. Shahi, S. Shahnazari, N. Shahzad, M. Shahzeb, A. Shaibu, Z. Shaida, A.Y. Shaikh, M. Shaikh, R. Shail, M. Shaji, M. Shakeel, R. Shakya, K. Shalan, M. Shameem, N. Shamim, U. Shamji, A. Shams, K. Shams, R. Shamsah, T. Shanahan, H. Sharaf, A. Sharif, A. Sharma, B. Sharma, M. Sharma, O. Sharma, P. Sharma, R. Sharma, S. Sharma, S.D. Sharma, A. Sharp, C. Sharp, G. Sharp, K. Sharp, L.M. Sharp, P. Sharratt, K. Sharrocks, S. Shashaa, A. Shaw, C. Shaw, D. Shaw, J. Shaw, L. Shaw, M. Shaw, T.G. Shaw, A. Shawcross, J. Shawcross, J. Shawe, L. Shayler, S. Shedwell, J. Sheffield, Z. Shehata, A. Sheik, A. Sheikh, N. Sheikh, B. Shelley, S. Shelton, A. Shenoy, J. Shenton, S. Shephardson, A. Shepherd, K. Shepherd, L. Shepherd, S. Shepherd, G. Sheppard, R. Sheppeard, H. Sheridan, R. Sheridan, S. Sherridan, L. Sherris, S. Sherwin, S. Shibly, F.F. Shiham, C. Shilladay, B. Shillitoe, D. Shingadia, C. Shioi, A. Shirgaonkar, K. Shirley, H. Shirt, A. Shonubi, J. Shoote, R. Shorrocks, R. Shortman, R. Shotton, S. Shotton, C. Shovelton, E. Shpuza, A. Shrestha, G. Shrestha, N. Shrestha, R. Shrestha, S. Shrestha, K. Shuker, J. Shurlock, J. Shurmer, E.R. Shuvo, S.K. Siabi, G. Siame, L. Siamia, M. Siaw-Frimpong, S. Siddavaram, N. Siddique, S. Siddique, E. Siddle, E. Sidebotham, J. Sidebottom, R. Sievers, K. Siggens, N. Sikondari, I. Silanas, S.V. Silva, C. Silva Moniz, M. Sim, T. Simangan, V. Simbi, R. Sime, G. Simmons, O. Simmons, R. Simms, L. Simon, M. Simon, N. Simon, S. Simpkins, A. Simpson, D. Simpson, G. Simpson, J. Simpson, K. Simpson, M. Simpson, P. Simpson, T. Simpson, S. Sinclair, C. Sing, A. Singh, C. Singh, D. Singh, J. Singh, L. Singh, M. Singh, N. Singh, P. Singh, S. Singh, P. Singhal, B. Singizi, V. Singler, M. Sinha, P. Sinha, S. Sinha, U. Sinha, G. Sisson, S. Sithiravel, K. Sivakumar, S. Sivakumar, D. Sivakumran, S. Sivanadarajah, P.-R. Sivasothy, A. Skaria, N. Skehan, R. Skelly, O. Skelton, I. Skene, D. Skinner, T. Skinner, V. Skinner, A. Skorko, I. Skorupinska, M. Skorupinska, A. Slack, K. Slack, H. Slade, M. Slade, L. Slater, N. Slawson, R. Slingsby, A. Sloan, B. Sloan, D. Sloan, G. Sloane, M. Slowinska, B. Small, E. Small, S. Small, A. Smallridge, D. Smalls, K.D. Smallshaw, A. Smallwood, B. Smart, L. Smart, J. Smeaton, C. Smit, A. Smith, C. Smith, D. Smith, E. Smith, H. Smith, I. Smith, J. Smith, K. Smith, L. Smith, M. Smith, M.A. Smith, N. Smith, O. Smith, P. Smith, R. Smith, S. Smith, T. Smith, V. Smith, S. Smolen, S. Smuts, N. Smyth, A. Snell, D. Snell, L. Snell, A. So, B. So, M. Soan, R.F. Sobama, T. Sobande, S. Sobowiec Kouman, A. Sobrino Diaz, B. Sohail, H. Sohal, R. Soiza, O. Solademi, B. Soleimani, A. Solesbury, M. Soliman, B. Solis, R. Solly, L. Solomon, S. Somalanka, C. Somashekar, S. Sommerfield, G. Soni, R. Sonia, T. Sonoiki, S.-C. Soo, P. Soor, G. Soothill, J. Soren, A. Sothinathan, P. Sothirajah, J. Sousa, N. Soussi, D. Southam, D. Southern, I. Southern, L. Southern, S.M. Southin, J. Southwell, T. Southworth, S. Sowden, J. Sowter, C. Spalding, E. Spata, C. Speare, K. Spears, M. Spears, L. Speirs, S. Speirs, M. Spence, N. Spence, B. Spencer, G. Spencer, R. Spencer, S. Spencer, T. Spencer, H. Spickett, J. Spillane, W. Spiller, K. Spinks, M. Spinks, N. Spittle, S. Spray, J. Spriggs, O. Spring, G. Squires, J. Squires, R. Squires, R. Sreenivasan, S. Sreenivasan, M. Sri, K. Sri Paranthamen, R. Srikantaiah, K. Srinivasan, R. Srinivasan, A. Srirajamadhuveeti, V. Srirathan, S.K. Ssiabi, R. Stacey, S. Stacpoole, L. Stadon, W.J. Stagg, J. Staines, N. Staines, K. Stammers, R. Stanciu, G. Stanczuk, T. Standley, B. Staniforth, A. Stanton, L. Stanton, R. Staples, S. Stapley, N. Staplin, A. Stark, E. Starkey, D.S. Starnes, M. Starr, R. Stead, C. Stebbing, C. Steele, H. Steer, J. Steer, V. Stefania, P. Stefanowska, F. Steffensen, C. Stemp, E. Stenson, A. Stephens, D. Stephensen, E. Stephenson, M. Sterrenburg, J. Stevens, M. Stevens, W. Stevens, A. Stevenson, L. Stevenson, S. Stevenson, M. Steward, C. Stewart, D.A. Stewart, K. Stewart, M. Stewart, R. Stewart, J. Stickley, G. Stiller, S. Stirrup, S. Stock, A. Stockdale, D. Stocker, L. Stockham, P. Stockton, E. Stoddard, K. Stoffberg, C. Stokes, B. Stone, R. Stone, S. Stone, E.-J. Stoner, I. Storey, K. Storton, F. Stourton, A. Strachan, C. Strait, E. Stratton, J. Stratton, S. Straw, D. Streit, E. Stride, S. Stringer, S. Strong-Sheldrake, S. Struik, C. Stuart, A. Stubbs, H. Stubbs, A. Sturdy, S. Sturney, M. Stuttard, C. Suarez, K. Subba, C.P. Subbe, K. Subramaniam, M. Subramanian, V. Subramanian, C. Subudhi, R. Suckling, S. Sudershan, P. Sugden, P.A. Suherman, R. Sukla, A. Sukumaran, E. Suleiman, A. Suliman, F. Suliman, S. Sultan, U. Sumardi, S. Sundar, R. Sundaram, R. Sundhar, E. Sung, N. Sunni, J. Suntharalingam, A. Sur, D. Suresh, N. Suresh, S. Suresh, M. Surtees, C. Susan, D. Suter, R. Suthar, H. Sutherland, R. Sutherland, S. Sutherland, D. Sutinyte, D. Sutton, S. Sutton, M. Sutu, M.-L. Svensson, S. Svirpliene, A. Swain, R. Swain, T. Swaine, C. Swales, C. Swanson-Low, T. Swart, S. Sweetman, E. Swift, P. Swift, R. Swift, R. Swingler, S. Swinhoe, K. Swist-Szulik, L. Swithenbank, O. Syed, C. Sykes, D. Sykes, E. Sykes, L. Sylvester, D. Symington, D. Symon, A. Syndercombe, Z. Syrimi, J. Syson, G. Szabo, D. Szabó, T. Szakmany, N. Szarazova, M. Szekely, A. Szekeres, M. Szeto, K. Szymiczek, M. Tabish, M. Tadros, A. Tageldin, L. Tague, H. Tahir, M. Tahir, M. Tai, J. Tait, A. Takyi, P. Talbot, A. Talbot-Smith, J. Talbot-Ponsonby, R. Tallent, B. Tallon, A. Talukdar, A. Tan, B.T. Tan, H. Tan, J. Tan, J.S. Tan, K. Tan, W.T. Tan, A. Tana, A. Tanner, C. Tanney, T. Tanqueray, E. Tanton, A. Tantri, T. Tanzil-Al-Imran, H. Tarft, P. Taribagil, O. Tarin, S. Tariq, D. Tarpey, E. Tarr, L. Tarrant, A. Tasiou, A. Tate, M. Tate, M.L. Tate, P. Tate, K. Tatham, S.S. Tavares, V. Tavoukjian, S.A.I. Tay, A. Taylor, B. Taylor, C. Taylor, C.A. Taylor, D. Taylor, E. Taylor, H. Taylor, J. Taylor, K. Taylor, L. Taylor, M. Taylor, N. Taylor, R. Taylor, S. Taylor, T. Taylor, V. Taylor, M. Taylor-Siddons, T. Taynton, A. Te, F. Teasdale, J. Teasdale, K. Teasdale, J. Tebbutt, C. Tee, I. Teeluck, B. Tejero Moya, R. Tejwani, A. Telfer, V. Teli, J. Tempany, J. Temple, N. Temple, H. Tench, Y.H. Teoh, R. Tereszkowski-Kaminski, L. Terrett, L. Terry, T.I.M. Tesha, D. Tetla, S. Tewari, D. Tewkesbury, J. Texeira, C. Tey, P.N. Thach, M. Thake, C. Thakker, M. Thakker, J. Thakrar, B.J. Thakuri, B. Thamu, H. Thao, H.P. Thao, N.N. Thao, N. Thao, A. Thapa, H. Thatcher, A. Thayanandan, K. Thazhatheyil, E. Thein, L. Theocharidou, P. Thet, K. Thevarajah, M. Thevendra, V.T.K. Thi, D. Thien, N. Thiri Phoo, Y. Thirlwall, M. Thirumaran, A. Thomas, C. Thomas, E. Thomas, H. Thomas, J. Thomas, J.L. Thomas, K. Thomas, L. Thomas, R. Thomas, S. Thomas, T. Thomas, V. Thomas, K. Thomasson, R. Thomas-Turner, C. Thompson, E. Thompson, F. Thompson, H. Thompson, J. Thompson, K. Thompson, L. Thompson, M. Thompson, O. Thompson, R. Thompson, Y. Thompson, B.G. Thomson, N. Thomson, P. Thorburn, N. Thorn, C. Thorne, N. Thorne, A. Thornton, D. Thornton, J. Thornton, R. Thornton, S. Thornton, T. Thornton, C. Thorpe, N. Thorpe, S. Thorpe, P. Thozthumparambil, L. Thrasyvoulou, H. Thraves, N. Thu, N.M. Thu, G. Thueux, N. Thuong, P. Thu-Ta, D. Thuy, D.T.T. Thuy, V. Thwaiotes, C. Thwaites, C.L. Thwaites, G. Thwaites, S. Tiberi, S. Tieger, C. Tierney, M. Tighe, S. Tilbey, C. Till, A. Tiller, H. Tiller, J. Timerick, E. Timlick, A. Timmins, A. Timmis, H. Timms, A.-M. Timoroksa, S. Tinashe, S. Tingley, N. Tinker, H. Tinkler, M. Tinkler, J. Tipper, A. Tirumalai Adisesh, H. Tivenan, K. Tluchowska, H. T-Michael, A. Todd, J. Todd, S. Todd, O. Toffoletti, M. Tohfa, S. Tohill, M. Tolson, A. Tomas, N. Tomasova, S. Tomlin, S. Tomlins, J. Tomlinson, K. Tomlinson, J. Tonkin, I. Tonna, C. Toohey, K. Topham, M. Topping, A. Torokwa, C. Torrance, O. Touma, L. Tous Sampol, R. Tousis, M. Tout, P. Tovey, G. Towersey, J. Townley, R. Tozer, D.K. Tran, H. Tran, H.B. Tran, M. Tran, N. Tran, V.G. Tran, V.K. Tran, N.T.H. Trang, H. Tranter, J. Travers, C. Travill, S. Traynor, L. Trethowan, E. Treus Gude, M. Trevelyan, N.A. Trewick, A. Tridente, H. Trieu, S. Triggs, F. Trim, A. Trimmings, T. Trinick, S. Tripathy, K. Trivedi, S. Troedson, E. Tropman, A. Trotter, S. Trous, H. Trower, M. Trowsdale Stannard, N. Trudgill, R. Truell, N. Truman, M. Truslove, S. Trussell, T. Trussell, K. Tsakiridou, C. Tsang, P. Tsang, T. Tsawayo, K.K. Tsilimpari, G. Tsinaslanidis, M. Tsitsi, S. Tso, H.T.C. Tu, N. Tucker, S. Tucker, D.E. Tudor, A. Tufail, J. Tuff, J. Tuffney, R. Tully, T. Tulus Satriasih, G. Tunesi, D. Tung, D.Q. Tung, K. Turbitt, R. Turel, T. Turgut, C. Turley, A. Turnbull, A. Turner, C. Turner, G. Turner, K. Turner, L. Turner, L.C. Turner, M. Turner, P. Turner, S. Turner, V. Turner, I. Turner-bone, S. Turney, J. Turvey, N.T.M. Tuyen, C. Tweed, D. Tweed, R. Twemlow, E. Twohey, B. Tyagi, V. Tyagi, A. Tyer, A. Tyler, J. Tyler, A. Tyzack, P. Tzavaras, I. Tzinieris, A.W. Uddin, M.S. Uddin, R. Uddin, J. Ugoji, E. Ukaegbu, M. Ul Haq, W. Ul Hassan, Z. Ul-Haq, S. Ullah, J. Um, A. Umaipalan, A. Umate, J. Umeadi, A. Umeh, W. Umeojiako, B. Ummat, E. Underhill, C. Underwood, J. Underwood, A. Unsworth, V. Uppal, V.S. Uppal, G. Upson, M. Ur Rasool, A. Uriel, S. Urruela, H. Uru, J. Usher, M. Usher, R. Usher, A. Usher-Rea, A. Ustianowski, E. Usuf, F. Utomo, H. Uzu, L.C. Vaccari, U. Vaghela, A. Vaidya, D. Vail, B. Valecka, J. Valentine, B. Valeria, P. Vallabhaneni, T. Valleri, N. Vallotton, L. Vamplew, E. Vamvakiti, J. Vamvakopoulos, C.T.C. Van, S. Van Blydenstein, L. van Bruggen, M. van de Venne, A. van der Meer, N. van der Stelt, R. Van Doorn, L. van Koutrik, A. Van Loggerenberg, J. Vance-Daniel, R. Vancheeswaran, S.I. Vandeyoon, P. Vankayalapati, P. Vanmali, C. Vansomeren, W. Van't Hoff, S. Vara, S.J. Vardy, A. Varghese, M. Varghese, W. Varney, G. Varnier, A.-N. Varouxaki, R. Varquez, V. Vasadi, O. Vass, K. Vassell, V. Vasu, V. Vasudevan, M. Vatish, S. Vaughan, H. Vayalaman, D. Vayapooree, C. Vaz, N. Veale, S. Veerasamy, S. Velankar, L. Velauthar, N. Veli, N. Vella, A. Velugupati, A. Velusamy, I. Venables, M. Venditti, R. Venkataramakrishnan, R. Venn, M. Venter, L. Ventilacion, J. Vere, M. Veres, S. Vergnano, W. Verling, A. Verma, R. Vernall, B. Vernon, M. Vertue, L. Verueco, J. Verula, A. Veterini, N. Vethanayagam, S. Vettikumaran, L. Veys, C. Vickers, S. Victor, S. Victoria, C. Vidaillic, C.P. Vidaillac, J. Vidler, B. Vijayakumar, V.W. Vijayaraghavan Nalini, B. Vilcinskaite, A. Vileito, N. Vilimiene, L. Vinall, S. Vinay, L. Vinayakarao, O. Vincent, R. Vincent, N.Q. Vinh, P. Virdee, E. Virgilio, A.M. Virk, E. Visentin, M. Vitaglione, K. Vithian, S. Vittoria, S. Vivekananthan, E. Vlad, B. Vlies, L. von Oven, C. Vooght, K.T. Vu Thai, K. Vutipongsatorn, A. Vuylsteke, E. Vyras, R. Wach, B. Wadams, S. Wadd, N. Waddington, P. Wade, J. Wadsley, K. Wadsworth, S.E.I. Wafa, D. Wagstaff, L. Wagstaff, D. Wahab, Z. Wahbi, A. Waheed Adigun, S. Waidyanatha, A. Waite, R. Wake, A. Wakefield, W. Wakeford, F. Wakinshaw, E. Waldeck, A. Walden, L. Walding, A. Waldron, J. Waldron, E. Wales, B. Wali, D. Walker, G. Walker, H. Walker, I. Walker, K. Walker, L. Walker, O. Walker, R. Walker, S. Walker, G. Wallace, R. Wallbutton, J. Wallen, K. Wallendszus, A. Waller, R. Waller, G. Wallis, L. Wallis, M. Wallis, E. Walmsley, D. Walsh, E. Walsh, L. Walsh, D. Walstow, D. Walter, A. Walters, H. Walters, J. Walters, E. Walton, L. Walton, M. Walton, O. Walton, S. Walton, M. Wan, J. Wanda, M. Wands, R. Wane, F. Wang, N. Wang, R. Wang, S. Wang, D. Warbrick, S. Warburton, C. Ward, D. Ward, E. Ward, H. Ward, J. Ward, L. Ward, N. Ward, R. Ward, T. Ward, S.A. Warden, G. Wardere, S. Wardle, H. Wardy, G. Waring, S. Waring, J. Warmington, B. Warner, C. Warner, L. Warnock, S. Warran, J. Warren, L. Warren, R. Warren, Y. Warren, D. Warrender, H. Warren-Miell, A. Warris, G. Warwick, H. Wassall, S. Wasserman, E. Wasson, H.J. Watchorn, H. Waterfall, A. Waters, D. Waters, M. Waterstone, A. Watkin, C. Watkins, E. Watkins, K. Watkins, L. Watkins, A. Watson, A.J.R. Watson, E. Watson, F. Watson, J.G.R. Watson, L. Watson, P. Watson, R. Watson, K. Watson, M. Watters, D. Watterson, K. Wattimena, D. Watts, J. Watts, M. Watts, V. Waugh, E. Wayman, M. Wayman, A. Wazir, M. Weatherhead, N. Weatherly, C. Webb, H. Webb, K. Webb, S. Webb, C. Websdale, D. Webster, I. Webster, J. Webster, T. Webster, J. Wedlin, L. Wee, R. Weerakoon, T. Weerasinghe, J. Weeratunga, M. Weetman, S. Wei, I. Weichert, E. Welch, H. Welch, J. Welch, L. Welch, S. Welch, B. Welham, S. Weller, L. Wellings, B. Wells, S. Wellstead, B. Welsh, R. Welsh, I. Welters, R. Welton, V. Wenn, L. Wentworth, J. Wesonga, K. Wesseldine, J. West, M. West, R. West, S. West, L. Western, R. Westhead, H. Weston, A. Westwood, K. Westwood, S. Westwood, B. Wetherill, S. Wheaver, H. Wheeler, B. Whelan, M. Whelband, A. Whileman, A. Whitcher, A. White, B. White, C. White, D. White, J. White, K. White, M. White, N. White, S. White, T. White, C. Whitehead, K. Whitehorn, A. Whitehouse, C. Whitehouse, T. Whitehouse, J. Whiteley, L. Whiteley, S. Whiteley, R. Whitham, G. Whitlingum, D. Whitmore, E. Whittaker, L. Whittam, A. Whittington, H. Whittle, R. Whittle, E. Wiafe, L. Wiblin, O. Wickens, J. Widdrington, J. Wieboldt, H. Wieringa, C. Wiesender, L. Wiffen, A. Wight, A. Wignall, C. Wignall, A. Wilce, D. Wilcock, E. Wilcock, L. Wilcox, B. Wild, L. Wild, S. Wild, M. Wilde, L. Wilding, P. Wilding, T. Wildsmith, J. Wileman, J. Wiles, K. Wiles, E. Wilhelmsen, T. Wiliams, J. Wilkie, D. Wilkin, H. Wilkins, J. Wilkins, S. Wilkins, I. Wilkinson, L. Wilkinson, N. Wilkinson, S. Wilkinson, T. Wilkinson, S. Willetts, A. Williams, C. Williams, C.V. Williams, D. Williams, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. Williams, J. Williams, K. Williams, M. Williams, P. Williams, R. Williams, S. Williams, T. Williams, A. Williamson, C. Williamson, D. Williamson, J. Williamson, J.D. Williamson, R. Williamson, H. Williamson, E. Willis, H. Willis, J. Willis, L. Wills, L. Willsher, C. Willshire, F. Willson, J. Willson, A. Wilson, B. Wilson, D. Wilson, I. Wilson, J. Wilson, K. Wilson, K.-A. Wilson, L. Wilson, M. Wilson, S. Wilson, T. Wilson, K.L.Y. Win, M. Win, T. Win, T.T. Win, W.Y.W. Win, L. Winckworth, L. Winder, P. Winder, S. Winearl, H. Winmill, S. Winn, C. Winpenny, H. Winslow, H. Winter, J. Winter, B. Winter-Goodwin, J. Winterton, H. Winwood, J. Wischhusen, S. Wisdom, M. Wise, M. Wiselka, R. Wiseman, S. Wiseman, S. Wishart, T. WIshlade, E. Witele, N. Withers, J. Wittes, D. Wixted, T. Wodehouse, W. Wolf, N. Wolff, K. Wolffsohn, R. Wolf-Roberts, E. Wolodimeroff, A. Wolstencroft, A. Wong, C. Wong, C.-H. Wong, C.-M. Wong, E. Wong, J.S.Y. Wong, K.Y. Wong, M.Y. Wong, N. Wong, S. Wong, T. Wong, A.A. Wongkyezeng, A. Wood, C. Wood, D. Wood, F. Wood, G. Wood, H. Wood, J. Wood, L. Wood, M. Wood, S. Wood, T. Wood, K. Woodall, R. Woodfield, C. Woodford, E. Woodford, J. Woodford, L. Woodhead, T. Woodhead, P. Woodland, M. Woodman, S. Woodmansey, C. Woods, J. Woods, K. Woods, S. Woods, Z. Woodward, M. Woolcock, G. Wooldridge, R. Woolf, C. Woollard, L. Woollen, E. Woolley, J. Woolley, D. Woosey, D. Wootton, J. Wootton, D. Worley, S. Worton, J. Wraight, M. Wray, K. Wren, L. Wren, C. Wrey Brown, C. Wright, D. Wright, F. Wright, H. Wright, I. Wright, L. Wright, R. Wright, S. Wright, T. Wright, C. Wroe, H. Wroe, H. Wu, P. Wu, J. Wubetu, F. Wulandari, R. Wulandari, S. Wurie, C. Wyatt, F. Wyn-Griffiths, I. Wynter, B. Xavier, A. Xhikola, B.E. Xia, Z. Xia, E. Yacoba, S. Yadav, M. Yakubi, M. Yan, Y. Yanagisawa, F. Yang, Y. Yang, M. Yanney, W.L. Yap, N. Yaqoob, S. Yasmin, B. Yates, D. Yates, E. Yates, H. Yates, T. Yates, M. Yates, J. Ye, C. Yearwood Martin, K. Yein, F. Yelnoorkar, L. Yen, L.M. Yen, A. Yeoh, C.Y. Yeung, P. Yew, D. Yewatkar, L. Ylquimiche Melly, I. Ynter, H. Yong, J. Yorke, J. Youens, A. Younes Ibrahim, E. Young, G. Young, L. Young, A. Yousafzar, S. Youssouf, A. Yousuf, H. Yovita, C. Yu, J.S.J. Yuan, N. Yufaniaputri, B. Yung, D. Yusef, S. Yusef, I. Yusuf, A.-S. Zafar, S. Zagalo, S. Zaher, A. Zahoor, M. Zainab, T. Zak, K. Zaki, N. Zakir, K. Zalewska, A. Zamalloa, M. Zaman, S. Zaman, J. Zamikula, L. Zammit, M. Zammit-Mangion, M. Zawadzka, M. Zayed, E. Zebracki, D. Zehnder, L. Zeidan, D. Zeinali, J. Zhang, X. Zhao, D. Zheng, D. Zhu, M. Zia, O. Zibdeh, R. Zill-E-Huma, E.T. Zin, E. Zincone, G. Zindoga, E. Zinkin, V. Zinyemba, C. Zipitis, L. Zitter, A. Zmierczak, G. Zubikarai, A. Zubir, N. Zuhra, R. Zulaikha, S. Zulfikar, C. Zullo, and A. Zuriaga-Alvaro
Subjects: COVID-19, Corticosteroid, Dexamethasone, Mortality, Clinical trial, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: Low dose corticosteroids (e.g., 6 mg dexamethasone) have been shown to reduce mortality for hypoxic COVID-19 patients. We have previously reported that higher dose corticosteroids cause harm in patients with clinical hypoxia but not receiving ventilatory support (the combination of non-invasive mechanical ventilation, including high-flow nasal oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation), but the balance of efficacy and safety in patients receiving ventilatory support is uncertain. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) assessed multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. Eligible and consenting adult patients receiving ventilatory support were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual care with higher dose corticosteroids (dexamethasone 20 mg once daily for 5 days followed by 10 mg once daily for 5 days or until discharge if sooner) or usual standard of care alone (which includes dexamethasone 6 mg once daily for 10 days or until discharge if sooner). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality; secondary outcomes were duration of hospitalisation and (among participants not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline) the composite of invasive mechanical ventilation or death. Recruitment closed on 31 March 2024 when funding for the trial ended. The RECOVERY trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04381936). Findings: Between 25 May 2021 and 9 January 2024, 477 COVID-19 patients receiving ventilatory support were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus higher dose corticosteroids vs. usual care alone (of whom 99% received corticosteroids during the follow-up period). Of those randomised, 221 (46%) were in Asia, 245 (51%) in the UK and 11 (2%) in Africa. 143 (30%) had diabetes mellitus. Overall, 86 (35%) of 246 patients allocated to higher dose corticosteroids vs. 86 (37%) of 231 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio [RR] 0.87; 95% CI 0.64–1.18; p = 0.37). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days (128 [52%] in the higher dose corticosteroids group vs. 120 [52%] in the usual care group; RR 1.04, 0.81–1.33]; p = 0.78). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, there was no clear reduction in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (76 [37%] of 206 vs. 93 [45%] of 205; RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.63–1.00]; p = 0.05). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised for COVID-19 receiving ventilatory support, we found no evidence that higher dose corticosteroids reduced the risk of death compared to usual care, which included low dose corticosteroids. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute for Health Research (Grant ref: MC_PC_19056), and Wellcome Trust (Grant Ref: 222406/Z/20/Z).
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Spatiotemporal trends in Anopheles funestus breeding habitats

Author: Grace R. Aduvukha, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Onisimo Mutanga, John Odindi, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang
Subjects: Anopheles, Earth observation, Larval breeding, Larval source management, Modelling, Remote sensing, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Effective identification and control of malaria vector larval breeding habitats are crucial for the management and eradication of malaria. Despite its importance, the last decade has seen a decline in data availability and intervention efforts due to reduced attention and prioritization. This study addresses the geographic data scarcity concerning Anopheles funestus larval breeding habitats in a malaria-prone region of western Kenya. Employing a two-step methodological approach, we integrated multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and rule-based fuzzy logic analysis to evaluate the spatiotemporal similarity or divergence of these habitats. The analysis spanned a five-year interval, 2008, 2013, and 2018 with 2013 serving as the base year for both hindcast and forecast predictions. The MCDA utilized categorical land use/land cover (LULC) and edaphic variables to identify potential breeding habitats, while climatic and topographic variables and spectral indices were analysed using fuzzy logic to assess the similarity or divergence of these habitats over time. Validation of the MCDA and fuzzy logic models was performed using a flight buffer distance based on adult An. funestus presence points (n = 136), supplemented by a limited number of larval breeding locations (n = 12) respectively. Our findings identified 147 potential An. funestus larval breeding habitats across the study area. The fuzzy logic analysis predicted a high degree of similarity (85.03%) in potential breeding habitats between the study years compared to the base year, with a divergence of 14.97%. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using semi-automated methods to detect both permanent and impermanent An. funestus breeding habitats under conditions of limited data. The methodologies developed provide a timely, cost-effective tool for enhanced surveillance and management of An funestus mosquito larval breeding, offering valuable insights for stakeholders involved in malaria vector monitoring and control.
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. The In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiadipogenic Properties of Pigmented Flower Extracts of Geraniaceae and Lamiaceae Plant Families

Author: Anton Venter, Hennie Fisher, Gary I. Stafford, June C. Serem, Megan J. Bester, and Kwaku G. Duodu
Subjects: Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: This study investigated the potential health-promoting properties of new sources of natural food colorants, namely pigmented flower extracts from Geraniaceae (Pelargonium grandiflorum, Pelargonium × hortorum, Pelargonium zonale hybrid) and Lamiaceae (Salvia aurea × dolomitica, Salvia dolomitica and Plectranthus zuluensis). In the Geraniaceae family, the main phenolic acids identified were hydrolysable tannins, while the main flavonoids were rutinosides of kaempferol and quercetin. In the Lamiaceae family, the main phenolic acids were caffeic acid and its derivatives, and the main flavonoids were naringin and neohesperidin. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were higher for Geraniaceae than for Lamiaceae species. For all extracts, oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) was similar, except for P. zonale hybrid. These extracts protected Caco-2 cells against 2, 2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) generated oxidative damage. Similarly, all extracts, except P. zonale hybrid, effectively scavenged nitric oxide (NO) and reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO formation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) was significant for P. grandiflorum and P. × hortorum. All pigmented flower extracts, except the P. zonale hybrid, reduced lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment during adipocyte differentiation caused cell death, except for the P. zonale hybrid. In conclusion, related to antioxidant activity, inhibition of AGE formation and lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes, P. grandiflorum was the most active, while the P. zonale hybrid was the least. These differences are potentially related to the concentration, type and stability of the polyphenols found in these pigmented flower extracts. Overall, the pigmented flower extracts of Geraniaceae and Lamiaceae show a range of health-promoting properties that represent an additional benefit to their potential use as natural food colourants.
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

1,475 results on '"Bester A"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources