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In the aftermath of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan, over 100,000 individuals were evacuated to the United States, primarily arriving through Philadelphia International Airport and Dulles International Airport under Operation Allies Welcome. In Philadelphia, evacuees were greeted at the airport by a medical triage unit (MTU) that was rapidly assembled to provide on-site medical care. The MTU triaged emergent medical complaints, handled minor complaints on-site to reduce impact on local health care systems, distributed patients who did require a higher level of care among area hospitals, and ensured appropriate follow-up care for individuals with ongoing needs. Although there are regional and federal entities whose purview is the establishment and coordination of such responses, these entities were not mobilized to respond immediately when planes began to arrive carrying the first wave of evacuees as this event was not a designated disaster. The MTU was a grassroots effort initiated by local health care providers in coordination with the local Medical Reserve Corps and Department of Public Health. This article presents a framework for similar operations, anticipating an ongoing need for planning for sudden arrivals of large numbers of displaced persons, particularly via air travel, in a time of increasing mass displacement events, as well as a rationale for establishing more robust networks of local medical professionals willing to respond in the case of an emergency and involving them in the emergency planning processes to ensure preexisting protocols are practical.

Philadelphia's response to welcoming Afghan evacuees during the COVID-19 pandemic suggests the need for a new approach to immigrant health care.