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AbstractVery little attention has been paid by the authors for providing improved imputation methods under correlated measurement errors (CMEs) using various sampling designs. This article addresses several power ratio imputation methods and the resulting estimators under ranked set sampling (RSS) when CMEs are present. The mean square error (MSE) is developed to assess how well the suggested estimators work under CMEs. The effectiveness of the proposed imputation methods and corresponding resultant estimators is assessed by a comprehensive simulation utilizing an artificially generated population. Further, an application of the proposed imputation methods is also provided using real data from Sweden’s municipalities consisting of the total number of seats in 1982 in municipal council taken as study variable and the number of conservative seats in 1982 in municipal council taken as auxiliary variable. The CMEs might arise due to common surveyor biases if the same surveyor collects information on both the “total number of seats in municipal council” and “the number of conservative seats in that municipal council”. The simulation and real data results show that the proposed power ratio imputation methods outperform the mean, conventional ratio, and product imputation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In surveys, successive sampling is generally considered to study the same characteristic from one occasion to another so that the change in characteristics over time can be further studied. This paper presents a class of estimators using a novel approach to estimate population mean on two occasions under successive sampling. We have carried out numerical study and simulation study to validate the significance of the proposed class and its members. We have used an optimum unmatched proportion of each class or estimator to compute their respective mean square error during simulation, while other studies considered some fixed value for unmatched units. For large population, the suggested estimation technique is always better for survey practitioners than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract.This article suggested some sampling strategies allied with Searls (1964) for mean estimation on current occasions under an optimal random non response framework using auxiliary information. The characteristics of each class or estimator under their respective strategy have been studied under the optimum replacement policy. We have gauged losses, which are carried out to show the dominance over complete response classes like Singh and Vishwakarma (2007, 2009). Appropriate recommendations have been made to the survey researchers for their real-life practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In real life, situations may arise when the available data are insufficient to provide accurate estimates for the domain, the small area estimation (SAE) technique has been used to get accurate estimates for the variable under study. The problem of missing data is a serious problem that has an impact on sample surveys, but small area estimates are especially prone to it. This paper is a basic effort that suggests design based synthetic imputation methods for the domain mean estimation using simple random sampling in order to address the issue of missing data under SAE. The expression of the mean square error for the proposed imputation methods are obtained up to first order approximation. The efficiency conditions are determined and a thorough simulation study is carried out using artificially generated data sets. An application is included with real data that further supports this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we propose logarithmic type direct and synthetic estima- tors for the estimation of domain mean under simple random sampling. The properties such as bias and mean square error of the proposed direct and synthetic estimators are obtained up to first order approximation. The efficiency conditions are obtained under which the proposed direct and synthetic estimators outperform their conventional counterparts. The performance of the proposed direct and synthetic estimators is examined with the help of comprehensive computational study using real and artificially drawn populations. Some appropriate suggestions are also provided to the surveyors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Missing data is an obligatory phenomenon in most of the sample surveys and when it is not handled cautiously at beginning of the study, outcomes may result to substantial biases in the survey estimates. Retaining such evidences into cognizance, this paper proffers few possible improved imputation methods to figure out the problem of missing data at the starting of the study and proffers computation procedure of the population mean using simple random sampling. The characteristics of the proffered imputation methods are ascertained till first order approximation pursued by a computational study carried out using several existent and hypothetical data sets. The findings are turned out rather promising showing dominance over the existing imputation methods. Further, apposite advices have been forwarded to the survey professionals for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, we intend to utilize the multi auxiliary information available under RSS for the imputation of missing data. The mean imputation, regression imputation methods, and power transformation imputation method are identified as special cases of the proposed imputation methods. These methods are dominated by the proposed imputation methods. The theoretical comparison provides the dominance conditions of the proposed imputation methods over their conventional counterparts. In support of the theoretical findings, a simulation study is considered over a hypothetically generated population. Furthermore, some real data examples are also provided to generalize the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In survey sampling, several estimation procedures have been proffered by various prominent authors to compute the impact of measurement errors (ME) but the impact of correlated measurement errors (CME) has been computed only by Shalabh and Tsai [Ratio and product methods of estimation of population mean in the presence of correlated measurement errors. Commun Stat Simul Comput. 2016;46(7):5566–5593]. This study provides a novel approach to compute the impact of CME through some logarithmic-type estimators using simple random sampling (SRS). The properties of the proffered estimators have been studied and compared with the properties of the conventional estimators. A numerical study and a broad spectrum simulation study are accomplished over real and artificially generated populations to support the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article addresses an efficient separate and combined class of estimators for the population mean estimation based on stratified random sampling (StRS). The first order approximated expressions of bias and mean square error of the proposed separate and combined class of estimators are obtained. A comparative study is conducted to determine the efficiency conditions in which the suggested class of estimators outperforms the contemporary estimators. These efficiency conditions are examined through an extensive simulation study by employing a hypothetically drawn symmetrical and asymmetrical populations. The simulation results have shown that the suggested class of estimators is more effective than the other available estimators. In addition, an application of the proposed methods is also presented by examining a real data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that ranked set sampling (RSS) is more efficient than simple random sampling (SRS). Furthermore, the presence of missing data vitiates the conventional results. Only a minuscule amount of work has been conducted under RSS with missing data. This paper makes a modest attempt to provide some efficient difference- and ratio-type imputation methods in the presence of missing values under RSS. The envisaged imputation methods are demonstrated to provide better results than the existing imputation methods. The theoretical results are enhanced by a computational analysis using real and hypothetically generated symmetric (Normal) and asymmetric (Gamma and Weibull) populations. The computational results show that the proposed imputation method outperforms the existing imputation methods in terms of its higher percent relative efficiency. Additionally, the impact of skewness and kurtosis on the efficiency of the suggested imputation methods has also been calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranked set sampling (RSS) has been proven an efficient alternative to simple random sampling (SRS). The use of auxiliary information also helps to improve the efficiency of the estimation procedures. Therefore, to accomplish higher efficiency and discuss the optimality issues, we proffer some optimal classes of estimators under RSS by employing multi-auxiliary information. It is seen that the ordinary mean estimator, traditional regression, and ratio estimators are the subsets of the proffered estimators. The expressions of the bias and mean square error are reported. An analytical comparison under some optimality conditions points out the ascendancy of the proffered classes of estimators over all reviewed works. The theoretical results have been furnished with computational study by employing some artificial and natural populations. The computational results show that the proffered estimators outperform the conventional estimators reviewed in this study. Furthermore, apposite advices are suggested to the survey persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the issue of population mean estimation utilizing past and present data in the form of an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) statistic under simple random sampling (SRS). We suggest memory-type logarithmic estimators and derive their properties, such as mean-square error (MSE) and bias up to a first-order approximation. Using the EWMA statistic, the conventional and novel memory-type estimators are compared. Real and artificial populations are used as examples to illustrate the theoretical findings. According to the empirical findings, memory-type logarithmic estimators are superior to the conventional mean estimator, ratio estimator, product estimator, logarithmic-type estimator, and memory-type ratio and product estimators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, parental age is known to affect somatic mutation rates in their immediate progeny and here we show that this age dependent effect persists across successive generations. Using a set of detector lines carrying the mutated uidA gene, we examined if a particular parental age maintained across five consecutive generations affected the rates of base substitution (BSR), intrachromosomal recombination (ICR), frameshift mutation (FS), and transposition. The frequency of functional GUS reversions were assessed in seedlings as a function of identical/different parental ages across generations. In the context of a fixed parental age, BSR/ICR rates were unaffected in the first three generations, then dropped significantly in the 4th and increased in most instances in the 5th generation (e.g. BSR (F1 38 = 0.9, F2 38 = 1.14, F3 38 = 1.02, F4 38 = 0.5, F5 38 = 0.76)). On the other hand, with advancing parental ages, BSR/ICR rates remained high in the first two/three generations, with a striking resemblance in the pattern of mutation rates (BSR (F1 38 = 0.9, F1 43 = 0.53, F1 48 = 0.79, F1 53 = 0.83 and F2 38 = 1.14, F2 43 = 0.57, F2 48 = 0.64, F2 53 = 0.94). We adopted a novel approach of identifying and tagging flowers pollinated on a particular day, thereby avoiding biases due to potential emasculation induced stress responses. Our results suggest a time component in counting the number of generations a plant has passed through self-fertilization at a particular age in determining the somatic mutation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essence of this paper is to propose some efficient combined and separate classes of estimators for estimating population mean Y ¯ under stratified simple random sampling. The bias and mean square error of the proposed classes of estimators are obtained. The proposed estimators are theoretically justified over the conventional mean estimator, classical ratio and regression estimators, Kadilar and Cingi estimators, Shabbir and Gupta estimators, Singh and Vishwakarma estimators, Koyuncu and Kadilar estimators, Singh and Solanki estimator, Yadav et al. estimator, Solanki and Singh estimator and Shahzad et al. estimator. The theoretical findings are extended with a simulation study accomplished over some artificially generated symmetric and asymmetric populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In survey research, various types of estimators have been suggested that consider only the current sample information to compute the unknown population parameters. Therefore, we utilize the past sample information along with the current sample information in the form of hybrid exponentially weighted moving averages to suggest the memory type logarithmic estimators for time-based surveys. The expression of the mean square error of the suggested estimators is determined to the first order of approximation. A relative comparison of the suggested estimators with the existing estimators is performed and efficiency conditions are obtained. Further, a simulation study is accomplished using a hypothetically rendered population and a real data illustration to improve the theoretical results. The results of the simulation study and the real data application exhibit that the consideration of past and current sample information meliorates the efficiency of the suggested estimators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article discusses the issue of population mean estimation in the ranked set sampling framework. A modified class of estimators is proffered and compared in the aspect of its efficacious performance with all salient conventional estimators existing to date. Some well-known existing estimators under R S S are recognized as the members of the proffered estimators for appropriately chosen characterizing scalars. The ascendancy of the proposed class of estimators regarding the conventional estimators has been shown through an extensive computational study utilizing some natural and artificially generated populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, we propose the combined and separate difference and ratio type estimators of population mean using stratified ranked set sampling. Additionally, several well-known estimators are identified as the sub-class of the suggested estimators. The characteristics of the suggested estimators have been analyzed and their effective performances are compared with the prominent estimators existing till date. Moreover, to prove the credibility of the theoretical findings, an extensive empirical study is administered over some real and hypothetically yielded symmetric and asymmetric populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious and contagious diseases exist in humanity for many centuries which causes a curb in the growth of the population. Immunization plays a vital role to prevent mortality and morbidity against infectious diseases. COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage the urgency of developing a vaccine that should ensure the safety, efficacy, swift and fair deployment, implementation, and monitoring of vaccines across the globe. In the present context, the vaccine production to immunization campaign is a critical challenge. Therefore, an effective vaccine supply chain mechanism is required to address issues such as counterfeit vaccines, reduce vaccine wastages, and vaccine record fraud. In this paper, a blockchain-enabled vaccine supply chain is proposed to ensure the correctness, transparency, trust, and immutable log and improve the efficiency of vaccine distribution in the cold chain. The uniqueness of the proposed system is to provide distributed system to verify the reliability and efficacy of the vaccine from production to end beneficiaries' feedback about the vaccine. Our proposed system gives a clear view to the users as well as to the healthcare provider about the vaccination and ensures the anticounterfeit vaccine. The proposed system minimizes counterfeit vaccines and records, provides transparent communication between stakeholders in the supply chain, and improves the security of the vaccine supply chain and immutable feedback system about the vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript considers some improved combined and separate classes of estimators of population mean using bivariate auxiliary information under stratified simple random sampling. The expressions of bias and mean square error of the proposed classes of estimators are determined to the first order of approximation. It is exhibited that under some particular conditions, the proposed classes of estimators dominate the existing prominent estimators. The theoretical findings are supported by a simulation study performed over a hypothetically generated population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes some optimal classes of estimators under ranked set sampling. We have acquainted some modifications of the difference and ratio type estimators under ranked set sampling, considered by various authors like Hansen et al., Srivastava, and Walsh in simple random sampling. We have demonstrated that the efficiency of the proposed optimal classes of estimators are always better than the other existing estimators. The theoretical results have been supported by a simulation study carried out over an artificially generated population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces some modified classes of estimators of population variance in simple random sampling utilizing information on auxiliary attribute which cover traditional mean, ratio and regression estimators and Kadilar and Cingi (2004) type estimators adapted by Singh and Malik (2014) for particular values of characterizing scalars. The expressions of bias and mean square error of the proposed classes of estimators are tabulated up to the first order of approximation. The proposed classes of estimators are theoretically compared with the contemporary estimators existing till date and the efficiency conditions are obtained. Subsequently, the theoretical results are numerically enhanced by using a real data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we propose additive shared gamma frailty model and additive shared inverse Gaussian frailty model with Lindley as baseline distribution to analyze the infectious disease data set of McGilchrist and Aisbett. The Bayesian approach of Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique was employed to estimate the parameters involved in the models. A simulation study was also carried out to compare the true values and estimated values of the parameters. Comparison of proposed models and the existing models was also done by using Bayesian information criteria such as BIC, WBIC and Bayes factor. A better model was also recommended for infectious disease data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces some new ratio- and difference-type estimators of the population variance in the presence of random non-response based on Searls (The utilization of a known coefficient of variation in the estimation procedure. J Am Stat Asso. 1964;59:1225–1226) philosophy. The proposed ratio- and difference-type estimators remain better than the estimators obtained by Ahmeda et al. (Estimation of finite population variance in presence of random non-response using auxiliary variables. Infr Mang Sci. 2005;16(2):73–82) in the presence of random non-response using auxiliary variables. The properties (bias and mean square error) of the proposed estimators presented were derived up to the first-order approximation using the Taylor series approach. Conditions for which the new estimators more efficient than other estimators considered in the study were also established. Numerical examples were conducted, and the results revealed that the proposed class of estimators is more efficient than existing estimators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The fishes of family Gobiidae are one of the least studied fishes, especially for otolith structure. The otoliths were possess species specific features. Hence, traits of sagittal otolith of gobid species studied. Methods: Five gobid species Odontamblyopus roseus (Valenciennes, 1837), Trypauchen vagina (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822), Parachaeturichthys polynema (Bleeker, 1853) and Boleophthalmus dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1837) were investigated by three methods including morphological, shape indices and step wise discriminant function analysis (SDFA). Result: Interrelationship between shape indices investigated, at 95% level of confidence (P<0.05), revealed that perimeter of P. polynema and area of T. vagina have isometric growth with their length (b=3.0071, 2.90, respectively) and otolith area of B. dussumieri have positive allometric growth (b=4.23077). SDFA, based on otolith morphometry, discriminated species up with 97.18% accuracy. Hence, the results of present investigation can be used for discrimination of the species and as a tool in predicting fish size from the otoliths and in calculating the biomass of these less studied fish species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is an established fact that the existence of measurement errors (M E) vitiates the conventional properties of the estimators. The impact of correlated measurement errors (C M E) was first assessed by Shalabh and Tsai (2017) using classical ratio and product estimators. This article makes a modest attempt to suggest some classes of robust estimators of population mean in the presence of C M E. The bias and mean square error of the suggested estimators are reported with the first-order approximation and the efficiency conditions are derived. The theoretical results are extended with the help of a simulation study executed over a hypothetically rendered population. Apart from this, the effect of M E on the suggested estimators is also studied both theoretically and empirically. • To examine robustness of the proposed estimators under correlated measurement errors. • To provide a comparative study. • To provide an empirical study using real and artificially generated populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the global population growth and economic development, energy demand has increased worldwide. Countries take steps to improve their alternative and renewable energy sources. Algae is one of the alternative energy sources and can be used to produce renewable biofuel. In this study, nondestructive, practical, and rapid image processing techniques were applied to determine the algal growth kinetics and biomass potential of four algal strains, including C. minutum, Chlorella sorokiniana, C. vulgaris, and S. obliquus. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine different aspects of biomass and chlorophyll production of those algal strains. Suitable non-linear growth models, including Logistic, modified Logistic, Gompertz, and modified Gompertz models, were employed to determine the growth pattern of algae. Moreover, the methane potential of harvested biomass was calculated. The algal strains were incubated for 18 days, and the growth kinetics were determined. After the incubation, the biomass was harvested and assessed for its chemical oxygen demand content and biomethane potential. Among the tested strains, C. sorokiniana was the best in biomass productivity (111.97 ± 0.9 mg L−1d−1). The calculated vegetation indices, namely; colorimetric difference, color index vegetation, vegetative, excess green, excess green minus excess red, combination, and brown index values showed a significant correlation with biomass and chlorophyll content. Among the tested growth models, the modified Gompertz shows the best growth pattern. Further, the estimated theoretical CH 4 yield was highest for C. minutum (0.98 mL g−1) compared to other tested strains. The present findings suggest that image analysis can be used as an alternative method to study the growth kinetics and biomass production potential of different algae during cultivation in wastewater. [Display omitted] • Growth of C. sorokiniana , C. vulgaris , C. minutum , and S. obliquus were compared. • C. sorokiniana outperformed in terms of biomass production in municipal wastewater. • Pioneering attempts on algal growth kinetics using image analysis. • Among the tested growth models, modified Gompertz shows the best fit. • Optimal theoretical CH 4 for C. minutum was 0.98 mL g−1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we introduce the predictive estimation approach for estimating the population mean using modified difference and ratio type predictive estimators in ranked set sampling. The expressions of bias and mean square error of the proffered predictive estimators are reported to the first order of approximation. A comparative study of the proffered predictive estimators with the conventional predictive estimators under simple random sampling and ranked set sampling is considered. The theoretical findings have been supported by a broad spectrum computational study carried out using various real and simulated data sets. Further, the appropriate suggestions are forwarded to the survey professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromium (Cr) is considered as the most common ubiquitous pollutant for aquatic animals including fish. An experiment was conducted to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of Cr, pH and high temperature in Anabas testudineus. Lethal concentration (LC 50) of Cr alone was determined as 55.02 mg L−1, Cr and low pH 48.19 mg L−1 and Cr, low pH and high temperature 47.16 mg L−1. The chronic toxicity of low dose of Cr, pH and high temperature (1/10th and 1/20th of LC 50) was designed to execute the experiment for 72 days. The stress enzymes and biomarkers were determined viz. superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, lipid peroxide, acetylcholine esterase, cortisol, HSP-70, blood glucose, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, ATPase and genotoxicity in this study. We had also studied the integrated biomarker response (IBR), which revealed that Cr toxicity enhanced with concurrent exposure to pH and high temperature. All the biochemical attributes were significantly altered with exposure to Cr alone and with low pH and high temperature except gill SOD. Further, thermal tolerance was also determined, and results revealed that thermal tolerance was significantly reduced with exposure to Cr alone and Cr and low pH exposure in A. testudineus. The present study concluded that, the chronic toxicity of Cr is enhanced with low pH and high temperature and it has led to understanding the multi-approach of Cr toxicity which affect, stress biomarkers, cellular metabolic stress and thermal tolerance of A. testudineus. [Display omitted] • LC 50 of Cr, Cr and pH, Cr, pH and temperature in Anabas was 55.02, 48.19, 47.61 mg L−1. • Low dose (1/10th and 1/20th) of Cr, pH and temperature causes oxidative stress, LPO in A. testudineus. • Exposure to Cr alone and with low pH and high temperature induce genotoxicity. • Pre-reared under Cr alone and with low pH reduced thermal tolerance of Anabas. • Pre-reared under Cr, pH and temperature enhanced CTmax and LTmax in Anabas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enzymatic pretreatment is emerging as an efficient tool for the extraction of biofuel precursors from algal biomass. However, yardsticks for end-use directed selection of optimal pretreatment conditions are not yet identified. The present study, for the first time, reveals different optimal conditions for algal biomass solubilization and sugar release. Algal biomass pretreatment optimization was carried out using the Taguchi method. Crude enzyme from Aspergillus fischeri was found effective for pretreatment of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Maximum sugar yield (190 mg g−1 biomass) from algal biomass was observed at a substrate concentration of 4 g L-1, with a 5% enzyme load at temperature 60°C, pH 5.5, and shaking speed of 80 rpm. In contrast, maximum sCOD (1350 mg g−1 biomass) was obtained at 2 g L−1 substrate concentration with enzyme load of 20% v/v, at 60°C, pH 4, and shaking speed of 100 rpm. Hence, the first set of conditions would be more beneficial for bioethanol production. Whereas another set of conditions would improve the biofuel production that requires maximum solubilization of algal biomass, such as fermentative methane production. Overall, the present observations established that process conditions required for enzymatic pretreatment of algal biomass should be selected according to the desired biofuel type. [Display omitted] • Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus sp. and Aspergillus fischeri were tested for enzymatic activity. • Maximum enzyme activity of 0.343 FPU ml−1 was seen in A. fischeri. • Key parameters for microalgae pretreatment were optimized using Taguchi Method. • Enzymatic pretreatment conditions are crucial to obtain desired biofuel type. • A mechanism for the recovery of optimal COD/sugar release was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW) is an important site for fish culture in sewage-fed areas, which are major receivers of pollutants and wastages from Kolkata. EKW is internationally important as the Ramsar site was declared on Aug 2002 with an area of 125 km2. EKW is a natural water body where wastewater-fed natural aquaculture has been practiced for more than 70 years. It is ecologically vulnerable due to the discharge of toxic waste through sewage canals from cities. Assessing the EKW to understand the inflow and load of the toxic metal (s) in fish, water, and sediments samples is essential. The field (samples collection from 13 sites) and lab (determination of toxic level of metals) based research were carried out to assess metal toxicity and health risk assessment in EKW. The levels of eighteen metals (18), namely Chromium, Vanadium, Cobalt, Manganese, Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Silver, Molybdenum, Arsenic, Selenium, Tin, Gallium, Germanium, Strontium, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead, were determined using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in five fish tissues viz. muscle, liver, kidney, gill and brain, along with the water samples and soil sediments in 13 sampling sites. The bioaccumulation and concentration of metals in fish tissues, soil sediments, and water samples were well within the safe level concerning the recommendation of different national and international agencies except for a few metals in a few sampling sites like Cd, As, and Pb. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) was also determined in the soil sediments, indicating moderate arsenic, selenium, and mercury contamination in a few sites. The contamination index in water was also determined in 13 sampling sites. The estimated daily intake (EDI), reference dose (RfD), target hazard quotient (THQ), slope factor and cancer risk of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Pb and Hg from fish muscle were determined. Based on the results of the present investigation, it is concluded that fish consumption in the East Kolkata Wetland (EKW) is safe. The effects of bioaccumulation of metals in muscle tissue were well within the safe level for consumption as recommended by WHO/FAO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial herb, widely used as a natural sweetener around the globe. The key compounds responsible for its sweetness includes stevioside and rebaudioside-A. In order to improve these steviol glycosides, the present study was initiated to study the effect of induced mutagenesis on growth parameters, steviol glycosides and nuclear DNA content in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni using ten doses of gamma-rays (5-100 kR). Healthy seeds of 'Madhuguna' variety of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni developed and maintained at stevia breeding farm, Agrotechnology division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (HP), India were irradiated with ten doses of gamma rays (600 seeds each/dose) ranging from 5 kR to 100 kR (i.e., 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100 kR) using Co60 gamma irradiation chamber at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, (Haryana), India. Significant variations were recorded for all the seedling traits studied while major impact was noticed on the seedling after reaching the cotyledonary stage and doses above 40 kR showed absolute mortality of the seedlings. Based on probit analysis, the optimum LD50 dose lies in the range of 20-23 kR. Glycosidic profiling of 296 mutants using high-performance liquid chromatography showed decreased total steviol glycoside content with increased radiation dose. Doses 5 kR and 10 kR, were found to be effective in increasing the overall glycosidic content. A total of 72 promising mutants were also screened for increased rebaudioside-A stevioside ratio. Comparison of nuclear DNA content using flow cytometry revealed a similar decrease in the total nuclear DNA content with increase in dosage of gamma rays. The average genome size at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 kR treatments were 2.72, 2.69, 2.68, 2.70 and 2.66 pg as compared to 2.72 pg in control. Mild dose of gamma rays (5 and 10 kR) in stevia were found to be effective in improving the mean steviol glycoside content and may be used in future stevia mutation programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The slow kinetics and poor substrate specificity of the key photosynthetic CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco have prompted the repeated evolution of Rubisco-containing biomolecular condensates known as pyrenoids in the majority of eukaryotic microalgae. Diatoms dominate marine photosynthesis, but the interactions underlying their pyrenoids are unknown. Here, we identify and characterize the Rubisco linker protein PYCO1 from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PYCO 1 is a tandem repeat protein containing prion-like domains that localizes to the pyrenoid. It undergoes homotypic liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to form condensates that specifically partition diatom Rubisco. Saturation of PYCO 1 condensates with Rubisco greatly reduces the mobility of droplet components. Cryo--electron microscopy and mutagenesis data revealed the sticker motifs required for homotypic and heterotypic phase separation. Our data indicate that the PYCO 1--Rubisco network is cross-linked by PYCO 1 stickers that oligomerize to bind to the small subunits lining the central solvent channel of the Rubisco holoenzyme. A second sticker motif binds to the large subunit. Pyrenoidal Rubisco condensates are highly diverse and tractable models of functional LLPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indiscriminate collection of Arnebia benthamii roots from wild for extraction of red pigments by traders prompted to put this Himalayan plant species under critically endangered category. Concerning the development of sustainable phytoconstituents sources, the present study is aimed at understanding the factors crucial for the scalability of A. benthamii cell suspension cultures. Here, the effect of orbital shaking speed (60–80 rpm) and inoculum density (5–15%) on leaf-induced cell suspension cultures during sequential scale up in shake flask (0.25–5 L) was assessed. The suspension cultures were established on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 10 μM 6-benzylaminopurine and 5 μM indole-3-butyric acid having a 20-days cultivation cycle. The data revealed a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) high biomass productivity (523.80 ± 5.95 g/L, fresh weight) in 0.25 L vessel with 10% inoculum at 70 rpm as compared to large (5.0 L) volume flask (310.80 ± 32.85 g/L). Interestingly, the optimum inoculum density was found to vary with the size of culture vessels. Furthermore, noticeable effects of sequential scaleup with shaking speed and inoculum density were also observed on hydrogen peroxide (stress indicator) production as well as enzymatic (catalase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity) and non-enzymatic (phenolic compounds) antioxidant potential. A. benthamii cells cultivated with optimized conditions had a significant amount of red pigment, with 669.17 ± 26.71 mg dry weight/L yield of total shikonin derivatives. In conclusion, the results clearly demonstrated the likelihood of scalability using optimized process variables for the production of natural red pigments using A. benthamii cell suspension cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaporins are tetrameric integral membrane proteins that act as water channels, and can also permeabilize membranes to other solutes. The monomer appears to be the functional form despite all aquaporins being organized as tetramers, which therefore must provide a clear functional advantage. In addition to this quaternary organization, some aquaporins can act as adhesion molecules in membrane junctions, when tetramers located in opposing membranes interact via their extracellular domains. These stacked forms have been observed in a range of aquaporins, whether using lipidic membrane environments, in electron crystallography, or using detergent micelles, in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). In the latter technique, structural studies can be performed when the aquaporin is reconstituted into nanodiscs of lipids that are surrounded by a protein scaffold. During attempts to study E. coli Aquaporin Z (AqpZ), we have found that in some conditions these nanodiscs tend to form filaments that appear to be either thicker head-to-tail or thinner side-to-side stacks of nanodiscs. Nanodisc oligomerization was observed using orthogonal analytical techniques analytical ultra-centrifugation and mass photometry, although the nature of the oligomers (head-to-tail or side-to-side) could not be determined. Using the latter technique, the AqpZ tetramer itself formed oligomers of increasing size when solubilized only in detergent, which is consistent with multiple stacking of AqpZ tetramers. We observed images consistent with both of these filaments in negative staining EM conditions, but only thicker filaments in cryo-EM conditions. We hypothesize that the apparent nanodisc side-to-side arrangement that can only be visualized in negative staining conditions is related to artifacts due to the sample preparation. Filaments of any kind were not observed in EM when nanodiscs did not contain AqpZ, or after addition of detergent into the nanodisc cryo-EM preparation, at concentrations that did not disrupt nanodisc formation. To our knowledge, these filaments have not been observed in nanodiscs preparations of other membrane proteins. AqpZ, like other aquaporins has a charge asymmetry between the cytoplasmic (more positive) and the extracellular sides, which may explain the likely head-to-tail stacking observed, both in nanodisc preparations and also in detergent micelles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study assessed the toxic effect of super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on haemato-immunological responses, antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress, and metabolic enzyme activities in Labeo rohita fingerlings, as well as the possible ameliorative effect of dietary vitamin E. The experiment was conducted for 30 days (15-day exposure and recovery each) under static bioassay. The LC50 concentration of SPIONs was estimated by 96-h exposure which was 3253.20 mg/L. The fishes were distributed in two groups and exposed to three levels 1/50th, 1/25th, and 1/10th of SPION-LC50 concentration. Group 1: fed with control diet and referred to as CS0, CS/50, CS/25, and CS/10, while group 2: fed vitamin E supplemented diet and referred to as ES0, ES/50, ES/25, and ES/10. Significant alterations were observed in haemato-immunological responses, malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidative and metabolic enzymes activity even after supplementation of vitamin E. The exposure to SPIONs altered haemato-immunological parameters, MDA accumulation, and tissue enzyme activity, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferases (GST), xanthine oxidase (XO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in a dose-dependent manner. However, they relapsed to the level of control in S/50 exposed group at the end of the recovery period. The dietary vitamin E shows significant toxicity mitigating effect during the recovery period. Thus, SPIONs can be used up to a concentration of 65.06 mg/L in the culture water of Labeo rohita and its toxicity at higher doses can be partially ameliorated by feeding of vitamin E (at 250 mg/kg feed) for 15 days during post exposure period. Highlights: • The toxicity of SPIONs increased with increasing concentration of nanoparticle. • The lethal concentration (LC50) of SPIONs was 3253.20 mg/L. • At the end of the recovery period, dietary supplementation of vitamin E ameliorate toxic effect of SPIONs. • The physiological change caused due to the toxic effect of 65.04 mg/L SPIONs can be completely recovered in 15 days by dietary supplementation of vitamin E at 250 mg/kg in L. rohita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report two structures of the human voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv) Kv1.3 in immune cells alone (apo-Kv1.3) and bound to an immunomodulatory drug called dalazatide (dalazatide-Kv1.3). Both the apo-Kv1.3 and dalazatide-Kv1.3 structures are in an activated state based on their depolarized voltage sensor and open inner gate. In apo-Kv1.3, the aromatic residue in the signature sequence (Y447) adopts a position that diverges 11 Å from other K+ channels. The outer pore is significantly rearranged, causing widening of the selectivity filter and perturbation of ion binding within the filter. This conformation is stabilized by a network of intrasubunit hydrogen bonds. In dalazatide-Kv1.3, binding of dalazatide to the channel's outer vestibule narrows the selectivity filter, Y447 occupies a position seen in other K+ channels, and this conformation is stabilized by a network of intersubunit hydrogen bonds. These remarkable rearrangements in the selectivity filter underlie Kv1.3's transition into the drug-blocked state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adventitious root formation is considered a major developmental step during the propagation of difficult to root plants, especially in horticultural crops. Recently, adventitious roots induced through plant tissue culture methods have also been used for production of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, anthocyanins and anthraquinones. It is rather well understood which horticultural species will easily form adventitious roots, but the factors affecting this process at molecular level or regulating the induction process in in vitro conditions are far less known. The present study was conducted to identify transcripts involved in in vitro induction and formation of adventitious roots using Arnebia euchroma leaves at different time points (intact leaf (control), 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d, 10 d and 15 d). A. euchroma is an endangered medicinal Himalayan herb whose root contains red naphthoquinone pigments. These phytoconstituents are widely used as an herbal ingredient in Asian traditional medicine as well as natural colouring agent in food and cosmetics. Results: A total of 137.93 to 293.76 million raw reads were generated and assembled to 54,587 transcripts with average length of 1512.27 bps and N50 of 2193 bps, respectively. In addition, 50,107 differentially expressed genes were identified and found to be involved in plant hormone signal transduction, cell wall modification and wound induced mitogen activated protein kinase signalling. The data exhibited dominance of auxin responsive (AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR8, IAA13, GRETCHEN HAGEN3.1) and sucrose translocation (BETA-31 FRUCTOFURANOSIDASE and MONOSACCHARIDE-SENSING protein1) genes during induction phase. In the initiation phase, the expression of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN16, EXPANSIN-B15, ENDOGLUCANASE25 and LEUCINE-rich repeat EXTENSION-like proteins was increased. During the expression phase, the same transcripts, with exception of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN16 were identified. Overall, the transcriptomic analysis revealed a similar patterns of genes, however, their expression level varied in subsequent phases of in vitro adventitious root formation in A. euchroma. Conclusion: The results presented here will be helpful in understanding key regulators of in vitro adventitious root development in Arnebia species, which may be deployed in the future for phytochemical production at a commercial scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arnebia euchroma is a valuable Himalayan herb, whose roots are savagely harvested from the wild to extract red naphthoquinone pigments with applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The primary objective of this study was to induce A. euchroma adventitious roots and use the same for the production of naphthoquinone pigments. A number of media and auxin types were tried for the formation of adventitious roots from leaves of A. euchroma under in vitro conditions. The data showed 100% root induction on semi-solid Schenk & Hildebrandt (SH) medium fortified with 2.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) after 4-weeks of culture. Thereafter, factors like inoculum density and sucrose concentration were optimized to maximize adventitious root growth and pigment production in liquid shake flask cultures. The results revealed a significantly high root biomass (7.00 ± 0.25 g/L dry weight (DW)) and pigment (192.92 ± 1.61 mg/g DW) yield in SH medium having 10 g/L inoculum density, 0.5 mg/L IBA and 5% sucrose concentration. In addition, the cultivation of adventitious roots in Balloon-Type Bubble Bioreactor (5 L cap.) was also done, which showed comparably lower root biomass (4.33 ± 0.09 g/L DW) yield to shake flask culturing, however, resulted in higher pigments accumulation (195.36 ± 1.95 mg/g DW). The chemical profile of in vitro induced adventitious roots cultivated in shake flask and bioreactor was also compared with parent plant rhizome using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. As per the results, deoxyshikonin and β, β-dimethylacrylshikonin were found to be the key pigments in adventitious roots, although shikonin was not detectable which otherwise also present in parent plant rhizomes. Considering the shorter cultivation cycle (4-weeks) and regenerative potential of induced adventitious roots along with comparable metabolic profile, the developed process seems to be a feasible alternative for the production of natural pigments. [Display omitted] • An efficient in vitro protocol for adventitious root induction was developed. • In vitro process has a significantly low cultivation period (4-weeks). • Induced adventitious roots were found competent enough as a regenerative substitute for producing naphthoquinone pigments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endophytes as a ubiquitous associate of the plant are considered as a promising candidate for sustainable agriculture. These organisms play a pivotal role in the regulation of the primary and secondary metabolism of their host plant. The direct and long-lasting interaction of endophytes with the host enables them to escape from harsh environmental conditions. Especially, their endophytic nature makes them better candidates over epiphytes and rhizospheric microbes in interaction with plants. Current research findings revealed that the endophytes help plants in making nutrient acquisition from the soil, nitrogen fixation, phosphate availability, phytohormone and antimicrobial production. There is a huge potential for developing novel products like endophytes-based microbial formulations and elicitors to improve plant health, ameliorating stress tolerance in plants and source of therapeutically important secondary metabolites. The present review specifically dealt with attributes such as host-tissue specificity of endophytes, the importance of seed-associated endophytes, endophyte-parasite plant-host plant interaction as well as their applications in plant in-vitro systems and as microbial consortium. In addition, the conserved endophytic microbial communities in different plants are also looked upon possibly to understand the plant-endophytic microbiome on similar lines of the animal-gut microbiome. Primarily, the purpose of this review is to implicate the endophytic flora as probiotics influencing overall plant health and their survival under extreme environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring of cities based on different air pollutants is required to manage the quality of air. The worldwide ranking is based on the one air pollutant PM2.5. The main purpose of the work is to find the worst air polluted city in India based on multiple pollutants. A hybrid framework namely "Analytic Hierarchy Process-Combinative Distance-Based Assessment (A-CODAS) is introduced to anSIMPAT102540alyze and rank the cities based on quality of air. The AHP technique is used to assign the priority weights to the multiple air pollutants whereas CODAS approach is used to rank the cities and to find the city with the worst air quality in 2020. The simulation analysis is performed on the seven worst polluted cities of India. The proposed framework is validated by performing the spearman's correlation ranking with other two existing multicriteria decision-making approaches namely "Analytic Hierarchy Process" and "Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution". Sensitivity analysis is also performed considering different scenarios to determine the dependency of a particular pollutant on the quality of air or to check whether the priority weights affect the ranking of the cities. The results prove the consistency and efficiency of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is an urgent need for an effective, oral therapy for COVID-19. Purified aqueous extract of Cocculus hirsutus (AQCH) has shown robust antiviral activity in in vitro studies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AQCH plus standard of care in hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19.In an open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial conducted in India, eligible patients (aged 18–75 years) were randomized (1:1) to receive AQCH 400 mg orally three times a day plus standard of care (AQCH group) or standard of care alone (control group) for 10 days. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients showing clinical improvement by day 14. Time to clinical improvement, time to viral clearance, and duration of hospitalization were secondary endpoints.A total of 210 patients were randomized. By day 14 most patients in both groups showed clinical improvement [difference − 0.01 (95% CI − 0.07 to 0.05); p = 1.0]. Median time to clinical improvement was 8 days (IQR 8–11) in the AQCH group versus 11 days (IQR 8–11) in the control group [HR 1.27 (95% CI 0.95–1.71); p = 0.032]. Time to viral clearance and duration of hospitalization were also significantly shorter in the AQCH group (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.016, respectively). AQCH was well tolerated, with no safety concerns identified.AQCH significantly reduced time to clinical improvement, time to viral clearance, and duration of hospitalization. In a pandemic, this has significant potential to decrease healthcare resource utilization and increase hospital bed availability. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of AQCH in patients with COVID-19 is warranted.Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI/2020/05/025397).Methods: There is an urgent need for an effective, oral therapy for COVID-19. Purified aqueous extract of Cocculus hirsutus (AQCH) has shown robust antiviral activity in in vitro studies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AQCH plus standard of care in hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19.In an open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial conducted in India, eligible patients (aged 18–75 years) were randomized (1:1) to receive AQCH 400 mg orally three times a day plus standard of care (AQCH group) or standard of care alone (control group) for 10 days. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients showing clinical improvement by day 14. Time to clinical improvement, time to viral clearance, and duration of hospitalization were secondary endpoints.A total of 210 patients were randomized. By day 14 most patients in both groups showed clinical improvement [difference − 0.01 (95% CI − 0.07 to 0.05); p = 1.0]. Median time to clinical improvement was 8 days (IQR 8–11) in the AQCH group versus 11 days (IQR 8–11) in the control group [HR 1.27 (95% CI 0.95–1.71); p = 0.032]. Time to viral clearance and duration of hospitalization were also significantly shorter in the AQCH group (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.016, respectively). AQCH was well tolerated, with no safety concerns identified.AQCH significantly reduced time to clinical improvement, time to viral clearance, and duration of hospitalization. In a pandemic, this has significant potential to decrease healthcare resource utilization and increase hospital bed availability. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of AQCH in patients with COVID-19 is warranted.Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI/2020/05/025397).Results: There is an urgent need for an effective, oral therapy for COVID-19. Purified aqueous extract of Cocculus hirsutus (AQCH) has shown robust antiviral activity in in vitro studies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AQCH plus standard of care in hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19.In an open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial conducted in India, eligible patients (aged 18–75 years) were randomized (1:1) to receive AQCH 400 mg orally three times a day plus standard of care (AQCH group) or standard of care alone (control group) for 10 days. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients showing clinical improvement by day 14. Time to clinical improvement, time to viral clearance, and duration of hospitalization were secondary endpoints.A total of 210 patients were randomized. By day 14 most patients in both groups showed clinical improvement [difference − 0.01 (95% CI − 0.07 to 0.05); p = 1.0]. Median time to clinical improvement was 8 days (IQR 8–11) in the AQCH group versus 11 days (IQR 8–11) in the control group [HR 1.27 (95% CI 0.95–1.71); p = 0.032]. Time to viral clearance and duration of hospitalization were also significantly shorter in the AQCH group (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.016, respectively). AQCH was well tolerated, with no safety concerns identified.AQCH significantly reduced time to clinical improvement, time to viral clearance, and duration of hospitalization. In a pandemic, this has significant potential to decrease healthcare resource utilization and increase hospital bed availability. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of AQCH in patients with COVID-19 is warranted.Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI/2020/05/025397).Conclusions: There is an urgent need for an effective, oral therapy for COVID-19. Purified aqueous extract of Cocculus hirsutus (AQCH) has shown robust antiviral activity in in vitro studies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AQCH plus standard of care in hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19.In an open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial conducted in India, eligible patients (aged 18–75 years) were randomized (1:1) to receive AQCH 400 mg orally three times a day plus standard of care (AQCH group) or standard of care alone (control group) for 10 days. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients showing clinical improvement by day 14. Time to clinical improvement, time to viral clearance, and duration of hospitalization were secondary endpoints.A total of 210 patients were randomized. By day 14 most patients in both groups showed clinical improvement [difference − 0.01 (95% CI − 0.07 to 0.05); p = 1.0]. Median time to clinical improvement was 8 days (IQR 8–11) in the AQCH group versus 11 days (IQR 8–11) in the control group [HR 1.27 (95% CI 0.95–1.71); p = 0.032]. Time to viral clearance and duration of hospitalization were also significantly shorter in the AQCH group (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.016, respectively). AQCH was well tolerated, with no safety concerns identified.AQCH significantly reduced time to clinical improvement, time to viral clearance, and duration of hospitalization. In a pandemic, this has significant potential to decrease healthcare resource utilization and increase hospital bed availability. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of AQCH in patients with COVID-19 is warranted.Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI/2020/05/025397).Trial Registration: There is an urgent need for an effective, oral therapy for COVID-19. Purified aqueous extract of Cocculus hirsutus (AQCH) has shown robust antiviral activity in in vitro studies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AQCH plus standard of care in hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19.In an open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial conducted in India, eligible patients (aged 18–75 years) were randomized (1:1) to receive AQCH 400 mg orally three times a day plus standard of care (AQCH group) or standard of care alone (control group) for 10 days. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients showing clinical improvement by day 14. Time to clinical improvement, time to viral clearance, and duration of hospitalization were secondary endpoints.A total of 210 patients were randomized. By day 14 most patients in both groups showed clinical improvement [difference − 0.01 (95% CI − 0.07 to 0.05); p = 1.0]. Median time to clinical improvement was 8 days (IQR 8–11) in the AQCH group versus 11 days (IQR 8–11) in the control group [HR 1.27 (95% CI 0.95–1.71); p = 0.032]. Time to viral clearance and duration of hospitalization were also significantly shorter in the AQCH group (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.016, respectively). AQCH was well tolerated, with no safety concerns identified.AQCH significantly reduced time to clinical improvement, time to viral clearance, and duration of hospitalization. In a pandemic, this has significant potential to decrease healthcare resource utilization and increase hospital bed availability. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of AQCH in patients with COVID-19 is warranted.Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI/2020/05/025397). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic pollution and climate change are two major global challenges that have threatened the aquatic environment and to a certain extent led to extinction of aquatic animals. Concerted and accelerated scientific efforts are in progress to restrict the ill- impacts of pollution and climate change in the aquatic ecosystem. In this context, we have conducted a study to delineate the effect of omega-3 fatty acids i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in mitigating arsenic pollution and temperature stress in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Four isocaloric and iso‑nitrogenous diets were prepared viz. control feed (no supplementation), and three treatment groups with combined level of EPA + DHA at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%. Fish were reared under arsenic (2.65 mg L−1) and elevated temperature (34 °C) (As+T) stress for 105 days with eight different treatment groups in triplicates. Growth performance, oxidative stress enzymes, stress biomarkers, immunity, lipid profile, bioaccumulation of the arsenic in fish tissues and bacterial infection in terms of cumulative mortality and relative percent survival were altered on exposure of arsenic and temperature stress. Supplementation of combinatorial mixture of EPA + DHA at the rate of 0.2 and 0.4% in the diet led to improved growth performance, anti-oxidative status, immunity of the fish and reduced the infection against Aeromonas hydrophila. Neurotransmitter enzyme, HSP 70 and Vitamin C were significantly enhanced (p < 0.01) with supplementation of EPA + DHA, whereas, total lipid, cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were reduced (p < 0.01) at 0.2 and 0.4% of dietary incorporation of EPA + DHA. Overall, the present investigation clearly revealed that a novel combination of EPA + DHA at 0.4% has the potential to mitigate arsenic pollution, temperature stress and protect the fish against bacterial infection. • Combinatorial mixture of EPA and DHA mitigate As and temperature stress in fish. • EPA + DHA at 0.2 or 0.4% diet enhanced the anti-oxidative status in fish. • Multiple stress biomarkers was significantly reduced by dietary EPA + DHA in fish. • EPA and DHA also enhanced immunity of fish against As and temperature stress. • EPA + DHA significantly reduced bacterial infection and As bioaccumulation in fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]