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This paper presents the results of the investigations of volcanic rocks of Middle Miocene age in the central parts of the Varadar zone for the first time. The volcanic rocks that appear in the Čitakliјa locality, according to their petrological and mineralogical characteristics, represent basic igneous rocks and they are transitional rocks between phonotephrites and high potassium shoshonites. The geochemical distribution of trace elements and elements from the group of rare earths (REE), as well as isotopes of 87Sr/86Sr (0.708348) and isotope values of 143Nd/144Nd (0.512319) indicate the fact that the magmatic sources of these rocks can be located in the border region between the upper mantle and the lower part of the continental crust.

Crystalline stibnite occurrences in the Republic of Macedonia in several antimony deposits such as Allchar, Lojane and Krstov dol. The best stibnite crystals can be found in the central parts of the Allchar mine. Crystals of stibnite are thick to thin elongated prisms with vertical striations, lead gray color and high metallic lusters. Stibnite also occurs in columnar, granular, blended and compact habits. Cleavage is perfect on {010} and imperfect on {100},{110}. The density determined by pycnometer is 4.62 g/cm3 . Hardness is 2. The concentration of the oxides is: Sb:70,912-71,155%, S:27,166-28,166%. The following trace elements were also detected: As, Tl, V, Se, Ba, Ag, Cr, W, P. The unit cell parameters obtained using the main reflection lines of X-ray diffraction are: a = 11.24 Å, b = 3.84 Å, c = 11.34 Å, V = 490.43 Å3 , Z: 4.

Late Miocene volcanism in the Tikveš Valley (MRZEN locality) is characterized by the occurrence of volcanic rocks and it is the beginning of volcanic activity in the southern parts of the Republic of North Macedonia; It occurs on the transverse tectonic structures with E-W direction that are a consequence of the extension that occurred in this region in the period of about 10 Ma (in the region of Mrzen 8.32 Ma) and which is a direct consequence of the subduction processes in the Aegean region. The chemical and geochemical characteristics of volcanic rocks indicate that these are rocks that have an intermediate character, but also contain olivine as phenocrysts, so based on that could be defined as alkaline basalts. The PEE content as well as the strontium isotopes ( 87Sr/86Sr) content range in the interval 0.706671–0.706795, while the neodymium isotopes 143Nd/144Nd range in the interval 0.512441–0.512472. Strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) clearly indicate the origin of the primary magma from which these volcanic rocks differentiated. The source of the magma is unambiguously in the upper layer and therefore these rocks differ from the Pliocene volcanism on Kožuf Mountain where the strontium isotopes are in the range 0.7080-0.7090.

One of the most interesting aspects of Crn Kamen mineralogy is the presence of several oxide phases, some of which are extremely rare in nature. The first mentioned oxide found on this locality, apart from quartz, is davidite Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 which was described by Damjanović and Vukasović, (1961). Fragments of former larger crystals estimated up to 15 cm in size were found in a cavity of the crushed and weathered syenites. Bermanec et al., (1990) analyzed the samples of the same crystal samples and determined that it is actually a uranium rich metamictic senaite Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38. However, even that was not the correct determination. Wülser et al., (2005) found a mineral of a similar, uranium rich composition in the western Swiss Alps which was not metamictic. This enabled them to see that the uranium is a species defining cation and they named the new mineral cleusonite (Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38. It was mentioned that the samples from Crn Kamen also correspond to metamictic cleusonite, not senaite or davidite (Wülser et al., 2005; Biagioni et al., 2014). Brannerite UTi2O6 was also found in the silicified parts of the fine-grained Quartz syenits in the direction of Topolčane (Vukasović and Mihajlović-Vlaić 1963). In addition to these rare phases, large rutile crystals as well as hematite, ilmenite and magnetite can be found (Barić, 1965). Possibly the most peculiar aspect of the Crn Kamen mineralogy is the mineral macedonite PbTiO3 which was first described here as well (Radusinović and Markov, 1971).

Late Miocene volcanism in the Tikves valley (locality MRZEN locality) is characterized by the appearance of volcanic rocks that also mark the beginning of volcanic activity in the southern parts of the Republic of North Macedonia. This volcanism appears on the transversal tectonic structures with E�W extension that are a consequence of the extension occurring in this region in the period of about 10 MA (in the area of Mrzen, 8.32 MA) and which is a direct consequence of the subduction processes in the Aegean region. Detailed microscopic examinations of 5 samples of volcanic rocks show that they have a typical porphyritic structure, while the texture is trachytic. Phenocrysts that have idiomorphic forms are represented by: olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, plagioclase and magnetite. In some places there are alterations of phenocrysts to: iddingsite (mixture of smectite-chlorite-goethite), clay and/or zeolites, and calcite. The ground mass is hypocrystalline and in places it is vitreous. The chemical and geochemical characteristics of volcanic rocks indicate that they are rocks with an intermediate character, but in the modal composition of the rock olivine as phenocrystals appears, and, based on this, these rocks could be defined as alkaline basalts. The content of strontium isotopes 87Sr/86Sr ranges in the interval of 0.706671-0.706795, while neodymium isotopes 143Nd/144Nd it ranges in the interval of 0.512441-0.512472. Strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) clearly indicate the origin of the primary magma from which these volcanic rocks differentiated. The source of the magma is unambiguously in the upper mantle and therefore these rocks differ from the Pliocene volcanism of Kozuf Mountain where strontium isotopes are in the interval of 0.7080-0.7090 and the source of the magmas is located in the upper part of the border area of the upper mantle and the lower parts of the continental crust

The present Access database for the Cukar 2 East ore body as one of the constitutional parts of the Buchim ore deposit was developed as an integral part of the mega-European project ProMine, which aimed to define the data processing and their presentation in the Pan-European GIS database for primary ore deposits and anthropogenic mineral resources. The implementation of this project aimed at forecasting and estimating the mineral resources at the Pan-European level, thus constituting a modern overview of European metallurgy. For successful completion of work package 1 within the ProMine project, databases for primary and secondary mineral resources (ProMine-MD) and anthropogenic concentrations (ProMine-AC) have been created. Our Access Database that we created (in Microsoft Access) is an integral part of the large ProMine-MD database, which covers 34 European countries and has about 12,979 records for mines, ore deposits and ore occurrences. The Cukar 2 East ore body database, is a preliminary effort to compile geological surveys and their data for this ore body into an understandable database that will be available to interested parties. The organization of databases for other metal deposits in the Republic of Northern Macedonia and the experiences gained, enabled us to construct a respectable database for the ore body Cukar 2 East, Buchim mine. Our paper explains the steps we took to create the Microsoft Access database using the representative and available data for the Cukar 2 East ore body. The database in question is constructed with the most important data that refer especially to the geological, metallogenetic and economic parameters of this ore body. Particular attention should be paid to the main economic parameters that are an integral part of this database. Namely, it is an ore body with active mining (Solway company) with proven reserves of 27,161 Mt ore where the content of copper is 0.206% Cu and gold with 0.165 g / t Au. In the part of the mineralization and the surrounding rocks, we entered reliable data that clarify the age of the mineralization (16.4-13.6 Ma relative 16 Ma absolute) while the age of the rock in which the mineralization is located was determined as relative one between 28.4 - 23, 03 Ma while the absolute method (K/Ar) showed 27 Ma. From a petrological point of view we want to emphasize that the geological setting is composed of rocks with composition: gneiss, andesite and latite. From an economic point of view, it is important to emphasize that proven mineral reserves of 27,161 Mt (from 2017) give serious economic expectations from copper metal potential of 55 952 t and gold of 448 kg Au. The database in question also provides additional information in support of the positive economic effects expected with the exploitation of the ore from the телоukar 2 East ore body.

In recent years, high air pollution episodes in most of North Macedonia's cities have dominated the headlines, confirming popular view that dirty air is by far the most serious environmental and health issue confronting the country's urban population. The country's capital and most populous city Skopje is frequently at the top of numerous pollution rankings and is among the cities in Eastern Europe and Central Asia that significantly exceed the EU yearly limit value for PM 2.5. (Almeida et al 2020). However, the restricted scope and temporally scattered data about pollution sources, allow for scepticism, thwarting any efforts to apply effective abatement techniques. Main goal of Source Apportionment (SA) study for Skopje Agglomeration was to derive information about pollution sources and the amount they contribute to ambient air pollution levels. The study includes selection of representative receptor/monitoring site, sampling, chemical speciation, and construction of multivariate receptor model, following the European Guide on Air Pollution Source Apportionment with Receptor Models, Revised version, JRC (2019). Karposh urban background monitoring station, a part of national monitoring network, was selected as representative receptor exposed to the mix of sources in the urban area.

The present study was performed to describe an occurrence of very big crystals of brucite and its associated minerals in locality of 'Ržanovo. It was also intended to describe the conditions of crystallization of such a big crystal. Within highly altered peridotite host rock in ‘Ržanovo region, acicular, up to 80 cm in size, colorless crystals of brucite were found. It has been also found as small, and in some places large lenses filled with acicular brucite. Crystals were found in serpentinized ultrabasic rocks, within veins. Needles are perpendicular to vein walls. Chemical composition is determinated with ICP-MS. MgO (66.39–69.13), Al2O3 (0.343–0.601), FeO (1.956–4.025), MnO2 (0.239–0.360), TiO2 (0.003–0.009), LOI (25.1–27.4). Its unit cell is: a = 3.1458 (7), c = 4.766 (2) Å (rhombo-hedral a = 2,4130 Å, α = 81.36°), V = 40.84 (2) Å3, Z = 1.