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The present study aimed to evaluate the single and combined effects of Si exogenous treatment and Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis M1 strain inoculation on rosemary tolerance to low phosphorus (P) availability. Hence, rosemary plants were fertilized with 250 µmol Ca3HPO4 (stressed plants) or 250 µmol KH2PO4 (control plants) under Si treatment and B. subtilis M1 strain inoculation. P starvation negatively affected rosemary growth and its P nutrition. However, exogenous Si supply or B. subtilis M1 strain inoculation significantly (P  < 0.001) alleviated the deficiency-induced effects and significantly improved rhizogenesis, acid phosphatase activity, P uptake, and eventually dry weight of shoot and root. Moreover, Si-treatment and/or B. subtilis M1 strain inoculation significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the oxidative damage, in terms of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. This was found positively correlated with the higher superoxide dismutase activity, and the elevated non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules accumulation, including total polyphenols in Si-treated and inoculated P-deficient plants. Taken together, Si supplementation and/or B. subtilis M1 strain inoculation could be a good strategy to sustain rosemary plant growth under P starvation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global imperative to combat food losses and wastes (FLW) is an essential component of achieving sustainable food systems, as emphasized by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 12). This study presents a novel methodological approach for quantifying and analyzing FLW within Morocco’s wheat processing industry, addressing a critical gap in both national and international research. By developing an integrative definitional framework, we identify and analyze seven primary drivers of FLW using the innovative 7M Model. Our findings reveal that management inefficiencies are the predominant cause of FLW, accounting for an 81% correlation with waste generation. Specifically, Pastry and Bakery Industries (PBI) experience a substantial FLW rate of 23.37% due to management and methodological factors, in stark contrast to the 10.64% observed in Milling Industries (MI), where material and measurement factors are more influential. This research not only challenges previous conceptions that food waste is predominantly a post-processing issue but also emphasizes the significant role of managerial practices in waste reduction. The outcomes of this study underscore the necessity of tailored, industry-specific interventions to reduce FLW and contribute to the broader objectives of sustainable production and consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]