24 results on '"Bwanga, Freddie"'
Search Results
2. Accuracy of GenoQuick MTB test in detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum from TB presumptive patients in Uganda
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Kaswabuli, Sylvia, Musisi, Emmanuel, Byanyima, Patrick, Sessolo, Abdul, Sanyu, Ingvar, Zawedde, Josephine, Worodria, William, Huang, Laurence, Okeng, Alfred, and Bwanga, Freddie
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Prevention ,Lung ,Tuberculosis ,Infectious Diseases ,Rare Diseases ,Clinical Research ,HIV/AIDS ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Diagnosis ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,GenoQuick MTB ,nucleic acid amplification ,diagnostic accuracy ,resource-limited settings ,and resource-limited settings ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic performance of the GenoQuick MTB test on heated sputum against the conventional Lowenstein-Jensen Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture as the reference method for tuberculosis diagnosis.IntroductionFast, reliable, and easy-to-use tests for tuberculosis diagnosis are essential to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of diagnosing and treating 90% of tuberculosis patients by 2030. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the GenoQuick MTB, a polymerase chain reaction-lateral flow test, in Uganda, a resource-constrained, high tuberculosis- and HIV-burden setting.MethodsFresh sputum samples from presumptive tuberculosis patients at Mulago Hospital were tested for M. tuberculosis using smear microscopy, GenoQuick MTB test, and Lowenstein-Jensen culture. For the GenoQuick MTB test, mycobacterial DNA was extracted by heating sputum at 95°C for 30 min while DNA amplification and detection were done following the manufacturer's protocol (Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany). Sensitivity, specificity, and kappa agreements were calculated against Lowenstein-Jensen M. tuberculosis culture as a reference test using STATA V12.ResultsOf the 86 tested samples, 30.2% had culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis. Overall, sensitivity was higher for GenoQuick MTB (81%, 95% confidence interval: 60%-93%) than for smear microscopy (69%, 95% confidence interval: 48%-86%). Among people living with HIV, sensitivity was identical for GenoQuick MTB and smear tests (75%, 95% confidence interval: 42%-95%). Contrastingly, smear had a higher overall specificity (98%, 95% confidence interval: 91%-100%) than for GenoQuick MTB (92%, 95% confidence interval: 81%-97%). A similar trend of specificity was observed among the people living with HIV for smear microscopy (100%, 95% CI: 87%-100%) and for GenoQuick MTB (96%, 95% confidence interval: 81%-100%).ConclusionThe GenoQuick MTB test could be a potential tuberculosis diagnostic test given its higher sensitivity. Evaluation of this test in larger studies is recommended.
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- 2022
3. Incidence, microbiological aspects and associated risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infections in adults on chronic haemodialysis at a tertiary hospital in Uganda
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Nanyunja, Doreen, Chothia, Mogamat-Yazied, Opio, Kenneth C., Ocama, Ponsiano, Bwanga, Freddie, Kiggundu, Daniel, and Byakika-Kibwika, Pauline
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- 2022
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4. Vaginal colonization with virulent and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Ugandan women in Labour.
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Bwanga, Freddie, Mukashyaka, Claudine, Kateete, David Patrick, Tumuhamye, Josephine, Okeng, Alfred, Aboce, Emmanuel, Namugga, Olive, Kwizera, Richard, Sommerfelt, Halvor, and Nankabirwa, Victoria
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METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus , *TOXIC shock syndrome , *DELIVERY (Obstetrics) , *GENITALIA , *METHICILLIN resistance , *NEONATAL sepsis - Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) often colonizes the human skin, upper respiratory and genital tracts. In the female genital tract, it can be passed on to the newborn during vaginal delivery leading to either ordinary colonization, or neonatal infections notably umbilical stump sepsis, scalded skin syndrome, arthritis, or bacteraemia/sepsis. These infections are mediated by staphylococcal virulence factors such as (i) Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E encoded by the sea, seb, sec, sed, see genes, (ii) Exfoliative Toxins A and B encoded by the eta and etb genes, (iii) Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 (TSST-1) encoded by the tst gene, (iv) Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) encoded by the pvl gene, and (v) Hemolysins alpha and delta encoded by the hla and hld genes, respectively. We determined the prevalence of S. aureus possessing one or more virulence factor genes and of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in this population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which used 85 S. aureus isolates from the Chlorohexidine (CHX) clinical trial study in Uganda. The isolates had been obtained by culturing vaginal swabs (VS) from 1472 women in labour, frozen at minus 80oC, then thawed, sub-cultured, and tested for the selected virulence genes sea, seb, sec, sed, see eta, etb, tst, pvl, hla and hld, and for the methicillin resistance determining gene (mecA). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Of the 85 S. aureus isolates 13 (15.3%) were positive for one or more virulence factor genes, as follows: pvl 9/85 (10.6%), hld 5/85 (5.9%), sea 1/85 (1.2%) and seb genes 1/85 (1.2%). The other virulence genes (sec, sed, see, eta, etb, hla and tst) were not detected in any of the isolates. MRSA was detected in 55.3% (47/85) of the isolates, but only two of these carried the pvl virulence gene. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 15% of the S. aureus colonizing the female lower genital tract of mothers in labour in central Uganda carried one or more virulence genes, mostly pvl, indicating potential for newborn infection with S. aureus acquired in the maternal birth canal. More than half of the isolates were MRSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. WCN24-223 INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC HAEMODIALYSIS VIA CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN EAST AFRICA
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Nanyunja, Doreen, primary, Chothia, Mogamat-Yazied, additional, Opio, Kenneth, additional, Ocama, Ponsiano, additional, Bwanga, Freddie, additional, Kiggundu, Daniel, additional, and Byakika-Kibwika, Pauline, additional
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- 2024
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6. Ineffectiveness of international travel restrictions to contain spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant: a continent-wide laboratory-based observational study from Africa
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Fischer, Carlo, primary, Maponga, Tongai Gibson, additional, Yadouleton, Anges, additional, Abilio, Nuro, additional, Aboce, Emmanuel, additional, Adewumi, Praise, additional, Afonso, Pedro, additional, Akorli, Jewelna, additional, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, additional, Anga, Latifa, additional, Ashong, Yvonne, additional, Beloufa, Mohamed Amine, additional, Bensalem, Aicha, additional, Birtles, Richard, additional, Magloire Boumba, Anicet Luc, additional, Bwanga, Freddie, additional, Chaponda, Mike, additional, Chibukira, Paradzai, additional, Chico, R Matthew, additional, Chileshe, Justin, additional, Choga, Wonderful, additional, Chongwe, Gershom, additional, Cisse, Assana, additional, Cisse, Fatoumata, additional, D Alessandro, Umberto, additional, de Lamballerie, Xavier, additional, de Morais, Joana F.M., additional, Derrar, Fawzi, additional, Dia, Ndongo, additional, Diarra, Youssouf, additional, Doumbia, Lassina, additional, Drosten, Christian, additional, Dussart, Philippe, additional, Echodu, Richard, additional, Luedde, Tom, additional, Eloualid, Abdelmajid, additional, Faye, Ousmane, additional, Feldt, Torsten, additional, Fruehauf, Anna, additional, Gaseitsiwe, Simani, additional, Halatoko, Afiwa, additional, Ilouga, Pauliana-Vanessa, additional, Ismael, Nalia, additional, Jambou, Ronan, additional, Jarju, Sheikh, additional, Kamprad, Antje, additional, Katowa, Ben, additional, Kayiwa, John, additional, Kingwara, Leonard, additional, Koita, Ousmane, additional, Lacoste, Vincent, additional, Lagare, Adamou, additional, Landt, Olfert, additional, Lekana-Douki, Sonia Etenna, additional, Lekana-Douki, Jean-Bernard, additional, Iipumbu, Etuhole, additional, Loemba, Hugues, additional, Lutwama, Julius, additional, Mamadou, Santou, additional, Maman, Issaka, additional, Manyisa, Brendon, additional, Martinez, Pedro A., additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Mhuulu, Lusia, additional, Moreira-Soto, Andres, additional, Moyo, Sikhulile, additional, Mwangi, Judy, additional, Ndilimabaka, Nadine, additional, Nassuna, Charity Angella, additional, Ndiath, Mamadou Ousmane, additional, Nepolo, Emmanuel, additional, Njouom, Richard, additional, Nourlil, Jalal, additional, Nyanjom, Steven Ger, additional, Odari, Eddy Okoth, additional, Okeng, Alfred, additional, Ouoba, Jean Bienvenue, additional, Owusu, Michael, additional, Donkor, Irene Owusu, additional, Phadu, Karabo Kristen, additional, Phillips, Richard Odame, additional, Preiser, Wolfgang, additional, Roques, Pierre, additional, Ruhanya, Vurayai, additional, Salah, Fortune, additional, Salifou, Sourakatou, additional, Sall, Amadou Alpha, additional, Sylverken, Augustina Angelina, additional, Tagnouokam-Ngoupo, Paul Alain, additional, Tarnagda, Zekiba, additional, Tchikaya, Francis Olivier, additional, Tordo, Noel, additional, Tufa, Tafese Beyene, additional, and Drexler, Jan Felix, additional
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- 2024
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7. CTX-M, TEM, and SHV Genes in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp Isolated from Hematologic Cancer Patients with Bacteremia in Uganda
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Lubwama, Margaret, primary, Kateete, David, additional, Katende, George, additional, Kigozi, Edgar, additional, Orem, Jackson, additional, Phipps, Warren, additional, and Bwanga, Freddie, additional
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- 2024
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8. Divergent neuroimmune signatures in the cerebrospinal fluid predict differential gender-specific survival among patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis
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Okurut, Samuel, primary, Boulware, David R., additional, Okafor, Elizabeth, additional, Rhein, Joshua, additional, Kajumbula, Henry, additional, Bagaya, Bernard S., additional, Bwanga, Freddie, additional, Olobo, Joseph O., additional, Manabe, Yukari C., additional, Meya, David B., additional, and Janoff, Edward N., additional
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- 2023
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9. Vaginal colonization with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among women in labor in central Uganda: prevalence and associated factors
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Tumuhamye, Josephine, Steinsland, Hans, Bwanga, Freddie, Tumwine, James K., Ndeezi, Grace, Mukunya, David, Namugga, Olive, Kasede, Agnes Napyo, Sommerfelt, Halvor, and Nankabirwa, Victoria
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- 2021
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10. Pulmonary dimorphic fungal infections among HIV/AIDS non‐TB patients with chronic cough in Kampala, Uganda.
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Kiconco, Prossy, Achan, Beatrice, Sanya, Moses, Najjingo, Irene, Okeng, Alfred, and Bwanga, Freddie
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CHRONIC cough ,MYCOSES ,AIDS patients ,HIV infections ,PARACOCCIDIOIDES brasiliensis - Abstract
Introduction: Dimorphic fungi cause infection following the inhalation of spores into the pulmonary system. In the lower respiratory tract, the conidia transform into yeasts, which are engulfed by alveolar macrophages and may be destroyed without disease manifestation. However, in some immunocompromised individuals, they may persist and cause active fungal disease characterized by formation of granulomas in the infected tissues, which may mimic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Objective: To determine the prevalence of pulmonary dimorphic fungal infections among HIV/AIDS patients with non‐TB chronic cough at Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: Sputum samples were collected from 175 consented HIV/AIDS patients attending the immuno‐suppression syndrome (ISS) clinic at the hospital. Upon Xpert MTB/RIF sputum testing, 21 patients tested positive for MTB, and these were excluded from further analysis. The other 154 sputum negative samples were then subjected to PCR for dimorphic fungi at MBN Clinical Laboratories. Singleplex PCR was used to detect the target sequences in selected respective genes of each dimorphic fungal species of interest. DNA amplicons were detected based on gel electrophoresis. Results: Dimorphic fungi were detected in 16.2% (25/154) of the studied population. Of these 9.1% (14/154) had Blastomyces dermatitidis and 7.1% (11/154) had Talaromyces marneffei. The remaining 84% of the studied participants had no dimorphic fungi. Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were not detected in any of the participants. Conclusion: Dimorphic fungi (B. dermatitidis and T. marneffei) were found in 16.2% of the HIV/AIDS patients with non‐TB chronic cough in Kampala, Uganda. We recommend routine testing for these pathogens among HIV/AIDS patients with chronic cough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Dimorphic Fungal Infections in HIV/AIDS Patients with non-TB Chronic Cough at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
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Kiconco, Prossy, primary, Achan, Beatrice, additional, Najjingo, Irene, additional, Sanya, Moses, additional, Okeng, Alfred, additional, Binoga, Winnie, additional, Musinguzi, Benson, additional, and Bwanga, Freddie, additional
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- 2023
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12. Retraction
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Fischer, Carlo, primary, Maponga, Tongai Gibson, additional, Yadouleton, Anges, additional, Abílio, Nuro, additional, Aboce, Emmanuel, additional, Adewumi, Praise, additional, Afonso, Pedro, additional, Akorli, Jewelna, additional, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, additional, Anga, Latifa, additional, Ashong, Yvonne, additional, Beloufa, Mohamed Amine, additional, Bensalem, Aicha, additional, Birtles, Richard, additional, Boumba, Anicet Luc Magloire, additional, Bwanga, Freddie, additional, Chaponda, Mike, additional, Chibukira, Paradzai, additional, Chico, R. Matthew, additional, Chileshe, Justin, additional, Chongwe, Gershom, additional, Cissé, Assana, additional, D’Alessandro, Umberto, additional, de Lamballerie, Xavier Nicolas, additional, de Morais, Joana F. M., additional, Derrar, Fawzi, additional, Dia, Ndongo, additional, Diarra, Youssouf, additional, Doumbia, Lassina, additional, Drosten, Christian, additional, Dussart, Philippe, additional, Echodu, Richard, additional, Eggers, Yannik, additional, Eloualid, Abdelmajid, additional, Faye, Ousmane, additional, Feldt, Torsten, additional, Frühauf, Anna, additional, Halatoko, Afiwa, additional, Ilouga, Pauliana-Vanessa, additional, Ismael, Nalia, additional, Jambou, Ronan, additional, Jarju, Sheikh, additional, Kamprad, Antje, additional, Katowa, Ben, additional, Kayiwa, John, additional, King’wara, Leonard, additional, Koita, Ousmane, additional, Lacoste, Vincent, additional, Lagare, Adamou, additional, Landt, Olfert, additional, Lekana-Douki, Sonia Etenna, additional, Lekana-Douki, Jean-Bernard, additional, Iipumbu, Etuhole, additional, Loemba, Hugues, additional, Lutwama, Julius, additional, Mamadou, Santou, additional, Maman, Issaka, additional, Manyisa, Brendon, additional, Martinez, Pedro A., additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Mhuulu, Lusia, additional, Moreira-Soto, Andres, additional, Mwangi, Judy, additional, N’dilimabaka, Nadine, additional, Nassuna, Charity Angella, additional, Ndiath, Mamadou Ousmane, additional, Nepolo, Emmanuel, additional, Njouom, Richard, additional, Nourlil, Jalal, additional, Nyanjom, Steven Ger, additional, Odari, Eddy Okoth, additional, Okeng, Alfred, additional, Ouoba, Jean Bienvenue, additional, Owusu, Michael, additional, Donkor, Irene Owusu, additional, Phadu, Karabo Kristen, additional, Phillips, Richard Odame, additional, Preiser, Wolfgang, additional, Ruhanya, Vurayai, additional, Salah, Fortune, additional, Salifou, Sourakatou, additional, Sall, Amadou Alpha, additional, Sylverken, Augustina Angelina, additional, Tagnouokam-Ngoupo, Paul Alain, additional, Tarnagda, Zekiba, additional, Tchikaya, Francis Olivier, additional, Tufa, Tafese Beyene, additional, and Drexler, Jan Felix, additional
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- 2022
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13. Gradual emergence followed by exponential spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Africa
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Fischer, Carlo, primary, Maponga, Tongai Gibson, additional, Yadouleton, Anges, additional, Abílio, Nuro, additional, Aboce, Emmanuel, additional, Adewumi, Praise, additional, Afonso, Pedro, additional, Akorli, Jewelna, additional, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, additional, Anga, Latifa, additional, Ashong, Yvonne, additional, Beloufa, Mohamed Amine, additional, Bensalem, Aicha, additional, Birtles, Richard, additional, Boumba, Anicet Luc Magloire, additional, Bwanga, Freddie, additional, Chaponda, Mike, additional, Chibukira, Paradzai, additional, Chico, R. Matthew, additional, Chileshe, Justin, additional, Chongwe, Gershom, additional, Cissé, Assana, additional, D’Alessandro, Umberto, additional, de Lamballerie, Xavier Nicolas, additional, de Morais, Joana F. M., additional, Derrar, Fawzi, additional, Dia, Ndongo, additional, Diarra, Youssouf, additional, Doumbia, Lassina, additional, Drosten, Christian, additional, Dussart, Philippe, additional, Echodu, Richard, additional, Eggers, Yannik, additional, Eloualid, Abdelmajid, additional, Faye, Ousmane, additional, Feldt, Torsten, additional, Frühauf, Anna, additional, Halatoko, Afiwa, additional, Ilouga, Pauliana-Vanessa, additional, Ismael, Nalia, additional, Jambou, Ronan, additional, Jarju, Sheikh, additional, Kamprad, Antje, additional, Katowa, Ben, additional, Kayiwa, John, additional, King’wara, Leonard, additional, Koita, Ousmane, additional, Lacoste, Vincent, additional, Lagare, Adamou, additional, Landt, Olfert, additional, Lekana-Douki, Sonia Etenna, additional, Lekana-Douki, Jean-Bernard, additional, Iipumbu, Etuhole, additional, Loemba, Hugues, additional, Lutwama, Julius, additional, Mamadou, Santou, additional, Maman, Issaka, additional, Manyisa, Brendon, additional, Martinez, Pedro A., additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Mhuulu, Lusia, additional, Moreira-Soto, Andres, additional, Mwangi, Judy, additional, N´dilimabaka, Nadine, additional, Nassuna, Charity Angella, additional, Ndiath, Mamadou Ousmane, additional, Nepolo, Emmanuel, additional, Njouom, Richard, additional, Nourlil, Jalal, additional, Nyanjom, Steven Ger, additional, Odari, Eddy Okoth, additional, Okeng, Alfred, additional, Ouoba, Jean Bienvenue, additional, Owusu, Michael, additional, Owusu Donkor, Irene, additional, Phadu, Karabo Kristen, additional, Phillips, Richard Odame, additional, Preiser, Wolfgang, additional, Ruhanya, Vurayai, additional, Salah, Fortune, additional, Salifou, Sourakatou, additional, Sall, Amadou Alpha, additional, Sylverken, Augustina Angelina, additional, Tagnouokam-Ngoupo, Paul Alain, additional, Tarnagda, Zekiba, additional, Tchikaya, Francis Olivier, additional, Tufa, Tafese Beyene, additional, and Drexler, Jan Felix, additional
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- 2022
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14. Umbilical Cord Stump Infections in Central Uganda: Incidence, Bacteriological Profile, and Risk Factors
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Tumuhamye, Josephine, primary, Sommerfelt, Halvor, additional, Tumwine, James K., additional, Mukunya, David, additional, Ndeezi, Grace, additional, Namugga, Olive, additional, Bwanga, Freddie, additional, Steinsland, Hans, additional, and Nankabirwa, Victoria, additional
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- 2022
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15. Additional file 1 of No association of a Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) gene polymorphism with pre-eclampsia among pregnant women in Uganda
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Nabweyambo, Sheila, Kanyerezi, Stephen, Petterson, John H.-O., Katabazi, Fred Ashaba, Ssekagiri, Alfred, Mwesigwa, Savannah, Mboowa, Gerald, Nakazzi, Faith, Keesiga, Annette, Adroma, Moses, Bwanga, Freddie, McGovern, Naomi, Sande, Obondo James, and Nakimuli, Annettee
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Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure S1. Distribution of family history of hypertension among genotypes of the of the +936C/T polymorphism in cases and controls.
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- 2023
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16. Microbiology of bacterial bloodstream infections among patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies in Africa: A scoping review
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Gulleen, Elizabeth, Lubwama, Margaret, Thielen, Beth, Bwanga, Freddie, Kateete, David, Orem, Jackson, Liu, Catherine, and Phipps, Warren
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Oncology ,Bacteria ,Bacterial Infections and Mycoses ,Neoplasms ,Organisms ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medical Specialties ,Infectious Disease ,Diseases - Abstract
Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients receiving cancer treatment. Current international/consensus guidelines for the antibiotic management of bacterial BSIs in patients with cancer were developed in settings with low prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and where HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria are non-endemic. In this scoping review, we will summarize the current state of evidence regarding the bacterial causes of BSIs among patients with cancer who are living in Africa. We will also describe the antibiotic resistance patterns among Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria isolated from the blood of patients with cancer. The objective of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding the bacterial causes of BSIs among patients with cancer who live in North Africa or sub-Saharan Africa. This information can be used to adapt antibiotic management guidelines developed in high-resource settings to best address the microbiologic causes of infections among patients with cancer in Africa. Our primary review question is: - What are the most common bacterial causes of BSIs among patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies living in Africa. Our secondary review questions are: - How do the bacterial causes of BSIs differ for adult and pediatric patients with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies? - What are the most frequently described antibiotic resistance patterns among Gram-positive bacteria isolated from blood cultures of patients with cancer? - What are the most frequently described antibiotic resistance patterns among Gram-negative bacteria isolated from blood cultures of patients with cancer? - What are the currently identified risk -factors associated with developing bacterial BSIs among adult and pediatric patients with solid tumor or hematologic malignancies living in Africa? - What are the currently described mortality rates for patients who develop bacterial BSIs?
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- 2022
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17. Unique circulating microRNA profiles in epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma
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Muwonge, Haruna, primary, Kasujja, Hassan, additional, Niyonzima, Nixon, additional, Atugonza, Carolyne, additional, Kasolo, Josephine, additional, Lugaajju, Allan, additional, Nfambi, Joshua, additional, Fred, Sembajwe Larry, additional, Damani, Ali Moses, additional, Kimuli, Ivan, additional, Zavuga, Robert, additional, Nakazzi, Faith, additional, Kigozi, Edgar, additional, Nakanjako, Damalie, additional, Kateete, David Patrick, additional, and Bwanga, Freddie, additional
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- 2022
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18. Accuracy of GenoQuick MTB test in detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum from TB presumptive patients in Uganda
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Kaswabuli, Sylvia, primary, Musisi, Emmanuel, additional, Byanyima, Patrick, additional, Sessolo, Abdul, additional, Sanyu, Ingvar, additional, Zawedde, Josephine, additional, Worodria, William, additional, Huang, Laurence, additional, Okeng, Alfred, additional, and Bwanga, Freddie, additional
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- 2022
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19. Prevalence, risk factors and outcome of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection among children in Uganda: a prospective study
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Nantanda, Rebecca, primary, Bwanga, Freddie, additional, Najjingo, Irene, additional, Ndeezi, Grace, additional, and Tumwine, James K, additional
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- 2021
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20. 226. Multidrug Resistant Polymicrobial Gram-negative Bacteremia in Hematologic Cancer Patients with Febrile Neutropenia at the Uganda Cancer Institute
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Lubwama, Margaret, primary, Bwanga, Freddie, additional, Kateete, David, additional, Adams, Scott, additional, Namubiru, Betty, additional, Nabiryo, Barbara, additional, Orem, Jackson, additional, and Phipps, Warren, additional
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- 2021
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21. Human cytomegalovirus infection among febrile hematological cancer patients at the Uganda Cancer Institute.
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Guido O, Lubwama M, Kiconco P, Okeng A, Najjingo I, Aboce E, Phiona R, Nabbanja H, Ndagire M, Eva K, Enock W, Orem J, Joloba ML, and Bwanga F
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Hematological cancers, including Leukemias and Lymphomas, and their associated chemotherapy and disease-specific factors, are linked to impaired granulocyte function and numbers, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections, often presenting as fever. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the significant opportunistic infections in these patients, but limited data exists on its seroprevalence and active infection burden among febrile hematological cancer patients in Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study from June to August 2017 at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI). Blood samples from 161 febrile hematological cancer patients were collected. HCMV exposure was assessed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG and IgM antibodies, and active infection was confirmed with PCR testing and gel electrophoresis. IgG positivity indicated previous exposure, while positive IgM or PCR results indicated active infection. Overall, HCMV seroprevalence based on IgG and/or IgM positivity was 106/161 (66%). IgG alone, IgM alone, and combined IgG/IgM positivity prevalence rates were 57/161 (35.4%), 22/161 (13.6%), and 27/161 (16.7%), respectively. HCMV DNA PCR was positive in 5 of the 161 (3%) samples. Among PCR-positive patients, one (20%) was positive for IgG alone, two (40%) for IgM alone, and two (40%) for both IgG and IgM. Active infection based on positive IgM and HCMV DNA PCR was found in 23 of the 161 (14.3%) patients. Two-thirds of febrile patients with hematological malignancies in Uganda had been exposed to HCMV infection, with 14.3% showing active infection. Routine testing for active HCMV infection among febrile hematological cancer patients at the UCI is essential for timely and appropriate antiviral treatment., Importance: In this paper, we demonstrated that over two-thirds of feverish patients with blood cancers such as leukemia at the Uganda Cancer Institute are already exposed to a type of virus infection called the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and 14% of the patients have active disease due to this virus. This was confirmed through finding blood samples testing positive for a type of protective antibody called IgM and also upon virus DNA detection in the blood of those patients. Routine testing for this virus is not usually done in the study settings. Our findings reveal and emphasize the importance of routinely testing blood samples for active infection with this virus among the feverish patients with blood cancers in the study settings, and prompt initiation of antiviral treatment of the actively infected patients.
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- 2024
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22. Divergent Neuroimmune Signatures in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Predict Differential Gender-Specific Survival Among Patients With HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis.
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Okurut S, Boulware DR, Okafor E, Rhein J, Kajumbula H, Bagaya B, Bwanga F, Olobo JO, Manabe YC, Meya DB, and Janoff EN
- Abstract
Survival among people with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains low, exceptionally among women with the increased threat of death on current optimal use of antifungal drugs. Cryptococcus dissemination into the central nervous system (CNS) prompts a neuroimmune reaction to activate pathogen concomitant factors. However, no consistent diagnostic or prognostic immune-mediated signature is reported to underpin the risk of death or mechanism to improve treatment or survival. We theorized that the distinct neuroimmune cytokine or chemokine signatures in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), distinguish survivors from people who died on antifungal treatment, who may benefit from tailored therapy. We considered the baseline clinical disease features, cryptococcal microbiologic factors, and CSF neuroimmune modulated signatures among 419 consenting adults by gender (biological sex assigned at birth) (168 females and 251 males) by 18 weeks of survival on antifungal management. Survival at 18 weeks was inferior among females than males (47% vs. 59%; hazard ratio HR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.9, and p=0.023). Unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated the divergent neuroimmune signatures by gender, survival, and intragender-specific survival. Overall, females displayed lower levels of PD-L1, IL-1RA, and IL-15 than males (all p≤0.028). Female survivors compared with those who died, expressed significant fold elevations in levels of CSF (CCL11 - myeloid and CXCL10 - lymphoid chemokine (in both p=0.001), and CSF Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines. In contrast, male survivors expressed distinctly lower levels of CSF IL-15 and IL-8 compared with those who died. Survivors of either gender demonstrated a significant increase in the levels of immune regulatory element, IL-10. In the finale, we classified divergent neuroimmune key signatures in CSF by gender, survival, and intragender-specific survival among people with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. These intragender-specific survival associated-neuroimmune signatures, suggests the discrete role of gender immune regulating mechanisms as the possible targets for interventions to advance therapy to improve survival among people with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis., Competing Interests: 7CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors conformed to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) article publication criteria. The authors declared no conflict of interest. Study participants or funders had no role in the design, data curation, or intention to publish. Part of this work was presented in an accepted abstract and poster at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) at Seattle Convention Center, Seattle, Washington, 19–22 February 2023 and was published online on CROI website 96. SO was a doctoral fellow and the examined thesis abstract was published online by the Makerere University Online Library as a requirement degree award 97.
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- 2023
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23. Dimorphic Fungal Infections in HIV/AIDS Patients with non-TB Chronic Cough at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
- Author
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Kiconco P, Achan B, Najjingo I, Sanya M, Okeng A, Binoga W, Musinguzi B, and Bwanga F
- Abstract
Introduction: Dimorphic fungi cause infection following inhalation of spores into the pulmonary system. In the lower respiratory tract, the conidia transform into the yeast phase which are engulfed by alveolar macrophages and may be destroyed without disease manifestation. However, in some cases they may persist and cause fungal disease characterized by formation of granulomas in the infected tissues, which may mimic MTB., Objective: To explore if dimorphic fungi play any role in pulmonary disease among XpertTB/RIF Negative HIV Patients with chronic cough attending ISS Clinic at Mulago hospital Uganda., Methods: Sputum samples were collected from 175 consented HIV infected patients attending ISS Clinic. Upon Xpert/RIF test at ISS Clinic 21 of these tested positive, the 154 negative sputum samples were then subjected to PCR for dimorphic fungi at MBN Clinical Laboratories. Singleplex PCR using specific primers was used to detect a target sequency in the gene of each dimorphic fungi of interest, the resulting amplicons were electrophoresed on a 2% gel then visualized under UV light., Results: Blastomyces dermatitidis and Tarolomyces marneffei were detected in 16.4% of the studied participants, with 9.1% and 7.1% respectively and 83.8% of the participant sample had no dimorphic fungi. Coccidiodes immitis, Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis and Histoplasma capsulatum were not detected in any of the participants., Conclusion: Dimorphic fungi play a role in pulmonary disease among the HIV/AIDS with non- TB chronic in Uganda., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest. No conflict of interest declared
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- 2023
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24. RETRACTED: Gradual emergence followed by exponential spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Africa.
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Fischer C, Maponga TG, Yadouleton A, Abílio N, Aboce E, Adewumi P, Afonso P, Akorli J, Andriamandimby SF, Anga L, Ashong Y, Beloufa MA, Bensalem A, Birtles R, Boumba ALM, Bwanga F, Chaponda M, Chibukira P, Chico RM, Chileshe J, Chongwe G, Cissé A, D'Alessandro U, de Lamballerie XN, de Morais JFM, Derrar F, Dia N, Diarra Y, Doumbia L, Drosten C, Dussart P, Echodu R, Eggers Y, Eloualid A, Faye O, Feldt T, Frühauf A, Halatoko A, Ilouga PV, Ismael N, Jambou R, Jarju S, Kamprad A, Katowa B, Kayiwa J, King'wara L, Koita O, Lacoste V, Lagare A, Landt O, Lekana-Douki SE, Lekana-Douki JB, Iipumbu E, Loemba H, Lutwama J, Mamadou S, Maman I, Manyisa B, Martinez PA, Matoba J, Mhuulu L, Moreira-Soto A, Mwangi J, N Dilimabaka N, Nassuna CA, Ndiath MO, Nepolo E, Njouom R, Nourlil J, Nyanjom SG, Odari EO, Okeng A, Ouoba JB, Owusu M, Owusu Donkor I, Phadu KK, Phillips RO, Preiser W, Ruhanya V, Salah F, Salifou S, Sall AA, Sylverken AA, Tagnouokam-Ngoupo PA, Tarnagda Z, Tchikaya FO, Tufa TB, and Drexler JF
- Abstract
The geographic and evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1), which was first detected mid-November 2021 in Southern Africa, remain unknown. We tested 13,097 COVID-19 patients sampled between mid-2021 to early 2022 from 22 African countries for BA.1 by real-time RT-PCR. By November-December 2021, BA.1 had replaced the Delta variant in all African sub-regions following a South-North gradient, with a peak Rt of 4.1. Polymerase chain reaction and near-full genome sequencing data revealed genetically diverse Omicron ancestors already existed across Africa by August 2021. Mutations, altering viral tropism, replication and immune escape, gradually accumulated in the spike gene. Omicron ancestors were therefore present in several African countries months before Omicron dominated transmission. These data also indicate that travel bans are ineffective in the face of undetected and widespread infection.
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- 2022
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