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The intestinal microbiota refers to the collection of microorganisms that exist in the human gut. It has been said that bacteria influence the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, as they have roles in immunomodulation, protection against pathogens, blood vessel growth, repairing the intestinal wall, and the development of the neurological system. In this review, we look at the latest research regarding interactions between gut microbiota and oral antihyperglycemic drugs and we present data suggesting that the microbiome may help counteract the reduced glucose tolerance and insulin resistance associated with metabolic disorders. We found that antidiabetic drugs can have significant impacts on gut microbiota composition and function, potentially influencing both the efficacy and side effects of these medications. Additionally, we discovered that microbial-based therapeutics, including probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, and fecal microbiota can be considered when discussing preventive measures and personalized treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding how antidiabetic drugs modulate gut microbiota composition and function is essential for optimizing their therapeutic efficacy and minimizing potential adverse effects. The relationship between the gut microbiota and glycemic agents, not fully understood, is currently the subject of increasing research and discussion. It has been proven that the microbiome can impact the effectiveness of the medications, but further research in this field may uncover novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes and other metabolic disorders by targeting the gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Since the beginning of the 1990s, with the discovery of the first “cancer genes”, numerous genetic factors have been identified through a great number of studies to be associated with the susceptibility for hereditary cancers. Hundreds of genes have been detected, with thousands of variants involved in the development of the disease. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology has been the most important tool in cancer research and cancer diagnosis as well, during the past decades. Most of the laboratories worldwide use multigene NGS panels to identify the genetic causes or the genetic predisposition for cancer. Materials and method. NGS sequencing on an Illumina platform has been performed using multigene panels for the different types of cancer. The study included individuals tested during February-September 2021. Results. Apart from the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes mutations, identified in the greater majority of cases, pathogenic variants in other genes, such as PALB2, CHEK2, MSH6, MLH1, ATM, NF1 etc., have been detected. The most frequent pathology identified in our cohort was breast cancer, followed by colorectal and ovarian cancers. Other types of cancer reported in these individuals were melanoma, cerebral tumors, pancreatic cancer, endocrine tumors, renal cancer, gastrointestinal tumors and prostate cancer. Conclusions. NGS panels are the test of choice for the diagnosis of the disease in hereditary cancer patients and for identifying the risk for developing the disease in healthy individuals. Both pre-testing and post-testing genetic counseling are of great importance for the selection of patients for genetic testing and for choosing the most eloquent genetic test for each individual in particular, and also for the clinical interpretation of the results, which in many cases may raise numerous problems and discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]