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In the live firing of mortar, the base plate is generally constructed at an angle of about 20° with the horizontal ground, so as to make the base plate more stable and improve the shooting accuracy. In order to explore the optimal matching angle between barrel and plate in live firing, a rigid-flexible coupling finite element model of a certain 82 mm mortar and soil is established. The dynamic response of launching is analyzed based on explicit solver under six working conditions with no. 4 charge, angle of fire 50°, angle of fire 60°, plate and horizontal ground 10°, 20° and 30° respectively. The relative change curves of the angle of firing of the first round of mortar under six conditions are obtained. It is found that when other firing conditions are consistent, the closer the angle between the plate and the barrel is to 90°, the smaller the relative change of the firing angle of the mortar is. When the angle between the plate and the barrel is to 90°, the relative change of the firing angle also reaches the minimum value, and the firing accuracy is the highest. The research results have reference value for the reliable use of mortars, the study of launch dynamic response and the design of related auxiliary devices.

Methotrexate (MTX) is characterized as first-line therapy although its indication of ectopic pregnancy is off-label use. We aimed to conduct a retrospective cohort study to investigate the incidence, characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of MTX, provide valuable insights for medical workers. Basing on China Hospital Pharmacovigilance System (CHPS), a retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the safety of MTX (n = 672). An active monitoring model was set to detect ADR signals from the hospital information system. Frequency, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade proportion and association of dose exposure with ADRs were presented as outcomes. The total incidence of ADRs was 54.0%. Anaemia (37.6%) was the most frequent ADR, followed by hepatic function abnormal (11.3%), hyperuricemia (6.1%), neutropenia (4.6%), leukopenia (4.0%), and dyslipidaemia (2.5%). For the composition of all ADRs, CTCAE grade one, two and three dominated for 86.3%, 12.1% and 1.6%, respectively. The severity of hepatic function abnormal was more serious in the two-dose exposed group (p =.021), while other types of ADRs had no statistical or clinical differences. Logistic regression analysis showed the incidence of any ADRs (OR 1.87 [1.31–2.64]; p =.001), hepatic function abnormal (OR 2.75 [1.69–4.48]; p <.001), dyslipidaemia (OR 5.15 [1.87–14.13]; p =.001) were significantly higher in the two-dose exposed group. After adjusted, the positive associations were still maintained. MTX is quite safe in ectopic pregnancy, despite its mild to moderate hematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Taking CHPS can present the accurate denominator of the incidence of adverse drug reactions into account, our study advocates that it may have great potential to be used as an active monitoring tool for off-label drug use risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although several theoretical calculation methods for high-pressure jet are available, there is currently no theoretical model for the high-pressure CO2 jet based on the high-precision equation of state (EOS). To investigate the flow field of the high-pressure CO2 jet in cases of the composite rock-breaking under the high-pressure CO2 Jet and PDC cutter, a semi-analytical approach of the high-pressure CO2 jet is developed based on the Span-Wagner EOS and CO2 jet theory. The semi-analytical calculations and the physical property calculations under the action of the high-pressure CO2 jet are conducted with consideration of the jet pressure, the jet distance, the nozzle diameter and the jet angle. The results indicate that the distribution of the physical properties calculated by the semi-analytical approaches is similar to that obtained by experimental monitoring and numerical simulation, which indicates that the calculation method of the high-pressure CO2 jet presented in this paper is effective and reliable. The properties of the CO2 jet obtained by the theoretical calculation see a significant difference between the initial region and the jet impact region. At the temperature of 300 K, the increase of the initial pressure can effectively increase the impact force and the cooling ability of the jet. The proportion of the jet core lengths in the jet on the axis increases with the increase of the ratio of the nozzle diameter to the jet length, accompanied with the increase of the impact force of the jet. The increase of the jet angle can effectively increase the impacting force of the jet, but hampers the fluid diffusion. The study combines the theoretical calculation of the jet with the calculation of the physical properties of the high-pressure CO2, for comprehensively understanding the CO2 jet field in the composite rock-breaking under the action of the high-pressure CO2 jet and PDC cutter. This theoretical calculation of the CO2 jet based on the high-precision EOS provides an option for the convenient calculation of the CO2 drilling in practical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following sustained development, numerous palaeontology databases and datasets of various types have been created. However, the lack of a unified standard language to describe knowledge and unclear sharing mechanisms between different databases and datasets has limited the large‐scale integration and application of paleontological data. The knowledge graph, as a key technology for semantic translation and data fusion, offers a possible solution to these challenges. Given the potential of knowledge graphs to overcome these obstacles, this paper presents a practical approach to express paleontological knowledge in a knowledge graph via the resource description framework language. By delving into the structured data associated with calcareous nannofossil biozones (the UC zone, CC zone and NC zone), we propose an ontology to describe the semantic units and logical relationships of paleontological biozones and species and then integrate relevant species records from unstructured research reports to construct a knowledge graph for calcareous nannofossils, that integrates multisource paleobiological data and knowledge reconstruction. Our focus lies in detailing the technical aspects of constructing a paleontological knowledge graph. The results demonstrate that knowledge graphs can integrate semistructured and unstructured paleontological data from various sources. This work aims to assist palaeontologists in building and utilizing knowledge graphs, serving as an initial effort for future paleontological knowledge reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Whether the association of sedentary behaviors with coronary artery disease (CAD) can be influenced by genetic susceptibility remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the joint and interplay effects between genetic risk and sedentary time (ST) and to further explore the extent to which the risk for CAD can be counteracted by reducing ST in different genetic groups., Methods: This prospective cohort study included 39,164 Chinese adults without CAD history. Genetic susceptibility was quantified by a predefined polygenic risk score (PRS) with 540 genetic variants, and daily ST was assessed by questionnaire. We analyzed the modification effect of genetic risk on the association of ST with CAD using the Cox proportional hazards models., Results: During a median follow-up of 11.60 yr, 1156 CAD events were documented. Higher ST and PRS were separately related to elevated CAD risk. Significant additive interaction was also observed (relative excess risk due to interaction: 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27-1.28). Compared with participants with low genetic risk and low ST (<6 h·d -1 ), those with high genetic risk and high ST (≥10 h·d -1 ) had the highest CAD risk, with the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of 4.22 (2.65-6.71). When stratified by genetic risks, participants with high ST had gradient increment of CAD risks across low, intermediate, and high genetic risk groups, with HR (95% CI) values of 1.21 (0.61-2.40), 1.57 (1.14-2.16), and 2.15 (1.40-3.31), respectively. For the absolute risk reduction, individuals with high genetic risk achieved the greatest benefit from low ST ( Ptrend = 0.024)., Conclusions: Genetic susceptibility may synergistically interact with ST to increase CAD risk. Reducing ST could attenuate the CAD risk, especially among individuals with high genetic risk., (Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Sports Medicine.)

Background: Recent studies have suggested a relationship between gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the nature and direction of this potential causal relationship are still unclear. This study used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to clarify the potential causal links., Methods: Summary-level Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) statistical data for gut microbiota and NAFLD/NASH were obtained from MiBioGen and FinnGen respectively. The MR analyses were performed mainly using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, with sensitivity analyses conducted to verify the robustness. Additionally, reverse MR analyses were performed to examine any potential reverse causal associations., Results: Our analysis, primarily based on the IVW method, strongly supports the existence of causal relationships between four microbial taxa and NAFLD, and four taxa with NASH. Specifically, associations were observed between Enterobacteriales ( P =0.04), Enterobacteriaceae ( P =0.04), Lachnospiraceae UCG-004 ( P =0.02), and Prevotella9 ( P =0.04) and increased risk of NAFLD. Dorea ( P =0.03) and Veillonella ( P =0.04) could increase the risks of NASH while Oscillospira ( P =0.04) and Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 ( P =0.005) could decrease them. We also identified that NAFLD was found to potentially cause an increased abundance in Holdemania ( P =0.007) and Ruminococcus2 ( P =0.002). However, we found no evidence of reverse causation in the microbial taxa associations with NASH., Conclusion: This study identified several specific gut microbiota that are causally related to NAFLD and NASH. Observations herein may provide promising theoretical groundwork for potential prevention and treatment strategies for NAFLD and its progression to NASH in future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zhai, Wu, Zheng, Zhong, Du, Yuan, Peng, Cai and Li.)