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Building long-lasting antimicrobial and clean surfaces is one of the most effective strategies to inhibit bacterial infection, but obtaining an ideal smart surface with highly efficient, controllable, and regenerative properties still encounters many challenges. Herein, we fabricate an ultrathin brush–hydrogel hybrid coating (PSBMA-P(HEAA-co-METAC)) by integrating antifouling polyzwitterionic (PSBMA) brushes and antimicrobial polycationic (P(HEAA-co-METAC)) hydrogels. The smart bacterial killing–releasing properties can be achieved independently by the opposite volume and conformation changes between the swelling (shrinking) of P(HEAA-co-METAC) hydrogel layer and the shrinking (swelling) of PSBMA brushes. The friction test reveals that both METAC and SBMA components support great lubrication. By tuning the initial organosilane (BrTMOS:KH570) ratios, the prepared PSBMA-P(HEAA-co-METAC) coating exhibits different antibacterial abilities from single “capturing–killing” to versatile “capturing–killing–releasing.” Most importantly, 99% of the bacterial-releasing rate can be easily achieved via 0.5 M NaCl treatment. This smart surface not only possesses long-lasting antibacterial performance, only ∼1.09 × 105 cell·cm−2 bacterial residue even after 72 h exposure to bacteria solutions, but also can be regenerated and triggered between water and salt solution multiple times. This work provides a new way to fabricate antibacterial smart hydrogel coatings with bacterial “killing–releasing” functions and shows great potential for biomedical applications.

Plasma synthetic jet (PSJ) is widely employed in flow control due to its advantages of zero-mass and fast-response. A novel measurement method for high-frequency dynamic drag variation was adopted in a Mach 8 wind tunnel experiment, demonstrating that the opposing PSJ can achieve a maximum drag reduction of 40.27% and an average drag reduction of 13.25% within one discharge cycle. Subsequently, the numerical method was verified in detail and the effects of different discharge energies and nozzle diameters on the drag reduction characteristics of the opposing PSJ were studied. The results show that an increase in discharge energy is beneficial for the drag reduction characteristics of the opposing PSJ, although the efficiency remains relatively low. In contrast, increasing the nozzle diameter enhances the average drag reduction but significantly reduces the duration of effective control. The drag reduction mechanism of the opposing PSJ can be attributed to the combined effects of pushing the strong bow shock away to form a weaker oblique shock, followed by the reattachment of the shock downstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although diverse uranium (U) adsorbents have been explored, it is still a great challenge for high-efficient uranium extraction form seawater. Herein a wood-mimetic oriented porous Ti3C2Tx-MXene/gelatin hydrogel (MGH) has been explored through growing directional ice crystals cooled by liquid nitrogen and subsequently forming pores by freeze-dry (Ice-template) method, for ultrafast and high-efficient U-adsorption from seawater with great enhancement by both electric field and sunlight. Different from disperse Ti3C2Tx-MXene powder, this MGH not only can be easily utilized but also can own ultrahigh specific surface area for high-efficient U-adsorption. The U-adsorbing capacity of this MGH (10 mg) can reach 4.17 mg·g−1 after only 1 week in 100 kg of seawater, which is outstanding in existing adsorbents. Furthermore, on the positive pole of 0.4 V direct current source or under 1-sun irradiation, the U-adsorbing capacity of the MGH can increase by 57.11% and 13.57%, respectively. Most importantly, the U-adsorption of this hydrogel can be greatly enhanced by simultaneously using the above two methods, which can increase the U-adsorbing capacity by 79.95% reaching 7.51 mg·g−1. This work provides a new biomimetic porous MXene-based hydrogel for electric field/sunlight bi-enhanced high-efficient U-extraction from seawater, which will inspire new strategy to design novel U-adsorbents and systems.

At the conceptual design stage, the building geometry design can predict the building load demand and renewable energy application potential to some extent. Geometry design interventions are critical to efficiently achieving the goal of zero-energy buildings. In the existing studies, the typicality and representativeness of the object geometry in the practice project are not high, and the influence of different geometry indices on energy savings and photovoltaic (PV) utilization potential under the same type of plane shape is rarely considered. In addition, the surrounding building shading situations considered are single. There is still significant room for improvement in the typical geometries selection and optimization condition settings. This paper presents a study of three typical park office building geometries in hot summer and cold winter regions. An optimization method based on the genetic algorithm and energy consumption simulation is proposed that takes into account both building energy savings and PV utilization potential improvements. The geometry-related indices of each typical geometry are then optimized under different PV layout scenarios and surrounding shading situations, and suitable geometry design strategies for typical office buildings are proposed under each optimization scenario. Geometry optimization can significantly reduce building energy consumption (the building energy-saving rate is 1.3–10.7 %) and increase PV generation (enhancement of 13.37–66.67 % for PV generation potential), thus lowering the net energy consumption of buildings. The findings of this study can be used to guide the design of park office building geometries in hot summer and cold winter regions with the goal of zero energy, as well as to promote the practice of zero-energy office buildings at the regional and national levels. • Three typical geometries are identified through research and analysis of 199 buildings. • A building geometry optimization method based on the genetic algorithm is proposed. • Building energy savings and photovoltaic utilization potential are considered. • Different photovoltaic layout scenarios and shading situations are carried out. • Optimization can significantly lower the net energy consumption of buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atherosclerosis is a common chronic disease characterized by the formation of atheromatous plaques and endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been identified as a crucial driver of atherosclerosis, with TGF-β serving as a pivotal mediator of EndMT. Isoforskolin (ISOF), derived from the plant Coleus forskohlii, is an effective activator of adenylyl cyclase (AC). AC can catalyze the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), mediating various biological functions. Several phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors that degrade cAMP have been clinically utilized in the treatment of atherosclerosis. However, the evidence regarding the efficacy and mechanisms of AC agonists in the treatment of atherosclerosis remains inadequate., Purpose: In this study, our primary objective was to examine the therapeutic impact of ISOF on atherosclerosis and elucidate its potential mechanisms., Methods: Male ApoE -/- rats were fed a high-fat diet for 18 weeks and then administered ISOF by gavage continuously for 12 weeks. A cell model was established by injuring mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) with ox-LDL. Oil Red O staining and Masson staining were used to assess the plaque area and content of collagen. Aortic vasodilatory function was analyzed using the DMT Myograph system. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the localization of CD31 and α-SMA. Proteomics analysis was utilized to identify potential pharmacological mechanisms of ISOF. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to detect the mRNA expression levels of AC (1-10) in aortic tissue. AC activity and cAMP concentration were detected using specific kits. The CCK-8 assay, wound-healing, and transwell assays were used to measure cell viability and proliferation. Mechanistically, western blot analysis was used to detect candidate protein expression levels. Finally, the pharmacological knockdown of AC5 was employed to clarify the potential mechanism of ISOF., Results: ISOF effectively inhibited atherosclerotic plaque progression and improved aortic vasodilatory function in ApoE -/- rats fed a high-fat diet. At the cellular level, ISOF enhanced cell viability and proliferation of MAECs compromised by ox-LDL. These phenotypic improvements were attributed to the inhibitory effect of ISOF on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT); ISOF increased the expression of endothelial markers such as CD31 and E-cadherin while decreasing the expression of mesenchymal markers, including N-cadherin and α-SMA. Mechanistically, and consistent with the results of proteomic analysis, ISOF markedly inhibited the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the expression levels of adenylyl cyclase 5 (AC5) were significantly higher than those of other AC isoforms in rat aorta. ISOF might upregulate the expression of AC5, subsequently activating downstream protein kinase A (PKA) but not cAMP-activated exchange protein-1 (EPAC1). However, when AC5 was silenced, the effects of ISOF on EndMT and the cAMP/PKA/TGF-β pathway were effectively abolished., Conclusion: The study showed that ISOF effectively combats atherosclerosis by inhibiting EndMT through the regulation of the AC5-dependent cAMP/PKA/TGF-β axis. This finding suggests a potential promising therapeutic strategy for treating atherosclerosis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)

The Cas12j-8 nuclease, derived from the type V CRISPR system, is approximately half the size of Cas9 and recognizes a 5'-TTN-3' protospacer adjacent motif sequence, thus potentially having broad application in genome editing for crop improvement. However, its editing efficiency remains low in plants. In this study, we rationally engineered both the crRNA and the Cas12j-8 nuclease. The engineered crRNA and Cas12j-8 markedly improved genome editing efficiency in plants. When combined, they exhibited robust editing activity in soybean and rice, enabling the editing of target sites that were previously uneditable. Notably, for certain target sequences, the editing activity was comparable to that of SpCas9 when targeting identical sequences, and it outperformed the Cas12j-2 variant, nCas12j-2, across all tested targets. Additionally, we developed cytosine base editors based on the engineered crRNA and Cas12j-8, demonstrating an average increase of 5.36- to 6.85-fold in base-editing efficiency (C to T) compared with the unengineered system in plants, with no insertions or deletions (indels) observed. Collectively, these findings indicate that the engineered hypercompact CRISPR/Cas12j-8 system serves as an efficient tool for genome editing mediated by both nuclease cleavage and base editing in plants., (© 2025 The Author(s). Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Previous studies have shown that alterations in the gut microbiota are closely associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) development. However, the value of gut microbiota for early diagnosis of ACS remains understudied., Methods: We recruited 66 volunteers, including 29 patients with a first diagnosis of ACS and 37 healthy volunteers during the same period, collected their fecal samples, and sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Functional prediction of the microbiota was performed using PICRUSt2. Subsequently, we constructed a nomogram and corresponding webpage based on microbial markers to assist in the diagnosis of ACS. The diagnostic performance and usefulness of the model were analyzed using boostrap internal validation, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA)., Results: Compared to that of healthy controls, the diversity and composition of microbial community of patients with ACS was markedly abnormal. Potentially pathogenic genera such as Streptococcus and Acinetobacter were significantly increased in the ACS group, whereas certain SCFA-producing genera such as Blautia and Agathobacter were depleted. In addition, in the correlation analysis with clinical indicators, the microbiota was observed to be associated with the level of inflammation and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Finally, a diagnostic model for ACS based on gut microbiota and clinical variables was developed with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.963 (95% CI: 0.925-1) and an AUC value of 0.948 (95% CI: 0.549-0.641) for bootstrap internal validation. The calibration curves of the model show good consistency between the actual and predicted probabilities. The DCA showed that the model had a high net clinical benefit for clinical applications., Conclusion: Our study is the first to characterize the composition and function of the gut microbiota in patients with ACS and healthy populations in Southwest China and demonstrates the potential effect of the microbiota as a non-invasive marker for the early diagnosis of ACS., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Hu, Xu, Shi, Cao, Ma, Wang, Zhang, Luo, Lin, Li, Duan and Cai.)