Search

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver, among which around 18–64% metastasize, most frequently to lungs, regional lymph nodes and adrenal glands. Metastasis of HCC to the central nervous system represents a rare yet clinically significant phenomenon, often presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In this case report, we document a 35-year-old male who presented with a secondary headache and right ophthalmoplegia attributable to metastatic deposits secondary to HCC infiltrating the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure. Despite therapeutic interventions including local palliative radiotherapy and sorafenib, the patient succumbed to acute liver failure after 9 months. This case highlights the aggressive potential of HCC to involve the central nervous system and the importance of heightened clinical suspicion for early diagnosis and intervention in such rare but clinically impactful scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug-induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM) or chemical meningitis following spinal anaesthesia has rarely been reported. DIAM is caused by meningeal inflammation due to intrathecally administered drugs or secondary to systemic immunological hypersensitivity. We hereby present a case of a young adult with aseptic meningitis following neuraxial anaesthesia possibly provoked by bupivacaine. The initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) picture revealed neutrophilic pleocytosis and normal glycorrhachia. CSF culture was negative. The patient was put on invasive mechanical ventilation and started on intravenous antibiotics. There was a rapid improvement in clinical condition without any residual neurological deficit within the next few days. Aseptic meningitis following neuraxial anaesthesia can be prevented by strict aseptic protocols and careful inspection of visible impurities while administering the intrathecal drug. Detailed history taking, clinical examination, and focused investigations can distinguish between bacterial and chemical meningitis. Appropriate diagnosis of this entity may guide the treatment regimen, reducing hospital stay and cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Subhadeep. Gupta, Atanu. Biswas, Atanu. Chandra, Biman. Ray, Arpan. Dutta, Alak. Pandit Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyse detailed clinical presentations, imaging findings, and outcome in [...]

Scrub typhus, a prevalent tropical infection, may sometimes manifest with unusual complications. Here, we present the case of a young man who was admitted to our facility with a fever for the past 3 days and passage of dark-coloured urine since that morning. On investigation, we identified intravascular haemolytic anaemia. Through meticulous examination, a black necrotic lesion (eschar) was discovered on his right buttock, a pathognomonic sign of scrub typhus infection. Treatment was initiated with oral doxycycline 100 mg two times a day. Subsequently, diagnosis of scrub typhus was confirmed through positive results from scrub typhus IgM via ELISA and PCR analysis from the eschar tissue. The patient responded well to oral doxycycline and his symptoms resolved within the next few days. This case highlights severe intravascular haemolysis associated with scrub typhus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and background: Endotracheal tube cuff pressure (ETCP) is an important factor to determine the development of complications associated with invasive mechanical ventilation. To avoid preventable complications arising out of immobilization, frequent changes in body positioning are necessary. Such variations in body position can affect ETCP in critically ill patients who are on mechanical ventilation. So, our study aimed to assess the effect of changes in body position on ETCP in patients who are on mechanical ventilation. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study included 31 critically ill intubated patients. Each study subject was first placed in a neutral starting position with a 30° head elevation. Then, they were subjected to a sequential change in body position based on the 16 most used positions as part of the critical care unit's (CCUs) daily routine. Endotracheal tube cuff pressure was measured after each position change. Data were analyzed using standard statistical tests. Results: Statistically significant difference in ETCP was observed during anteflexion of neck, hyperextension of neck, left lateral flexion of neck, right lateral flexion of neck, left lateral rotation of neck, right lateral rotation of neck, 10° recumbent position, supine position, Trendelenburg position, and right lateral 30° and 45° positions. Maximum increase in ETCP was seen during anteflexion of neck (31 ± 4.5; 22-42 cm H2O). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates significant deviations in ETCP from the recommended range following changes in the body position of mechanically ventilated patients, highlighting the need for the measurement of ETCP after each position change and maintenance of the same within the target range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the use of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence tool, in medical research article writing. It acknowledges the benefits of using ChatGPT, such as generating content and improving readability, but also warns against potential misuse. The article emphasizes the importance of fact-checking and consulting reliable sources, and suggests using ChatGPT as a supplementary tool rather than a primary source of information. It concludes that while ChatGPT can be valuable in the medical writing process, it should be used alongside human expertise and adherence to established standards to ensure accuracy and credibility. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Snake bite is one of the most neglected diseases in South East Asian region. Common Krait (CK) (Bungarus caeruleus) is the deadliest snake found in the dry zones of India. With the polyvalent anti-venom serum (AVS) remaining the cornerstone of treatment of neurotoxic snake envenomation, there is no universally accepted treatment for CK envenomationassociated neuroparalysis, except supportive measures. Aims and Objectives: Our study was conducted to describe the epidemiology, define clinical features, study outcome, and apparent efficacy of calcium gluconate in preventing or reversing neuromuscular paralysis with respiratory failure in CK bite patients. Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective observational study done on 52 CK bite patients. Patients were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and were treated with AVS and calcium gluconate infusion according to National Standard Guideline, 2016. Patients developing severe respiratory muscle paralysis were offered mechanical ventilation. Results: Patients developed ptosis and dysphagia, pain abdomen, cyanosis, paralysis of jaw and tongue, perioral numbness, altered sensorium, dysphonia, ophthalmoplegia, and paradoxical breathing. 21.15% of patients developed respiratory failure and needed ventilator support with average critical care unit stay of 3 days and average stay on a ventilator of 2 days. 3 patients expired (case fatality rate 5.77%). The average hospital stay was 3.33 days. Conclusion: Our study shows that early intervention in patients of CK bite with neurotoxic envenomation, with calcium gluconate infusion, leads to less mortality and morbidity compared to other relevant studies. Further large-scale studies are required for better understanding and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]