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Objectives: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) plays an important role in providing temporary life support for patients with severe cardiac or pulmonary failure, but requires strict anticoagulation and monitoring. This network meta‐analysis systematically explored the most effective anticoagulation and monitoring strategies for patients receiving ECMO. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to January 31, 2023, for studies comparing unfractionated heparin (UFH), argatroban (Arg), bivalirudin (Biv), and/or nafamostat mesylate (NM) in patients receiving ECMO. The primary outcomes included device‐related thrombosis, patient‐related thrombosis, and major bleeding events. The secondary outcomes included ECMO survival, ECMO duration, and in‐hospital mortality. Results: A total of 2522 patients from 23 trials were included in the study. Biv was associated with a decreased risk of device‐related thrombosis (odd ratio [OR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33–0.84) compared with UFH, whereas NM (OR 2.2, 95% CI: 0.24–65.0) and Arg (OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.43–2.0) did not reduce the risk of device‐related thrombosis compared with UFH. Biv was superior to Arg in decreasing the risk of device‐related thrombosis (OR 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.51). Biv reduced the risk of patient‐related thrombosis compared with UFH (OR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.18–0.85); NM (OR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.14–3.3) and Arg (OR 3.1, 95% CI: 0.94–12.0) did not decrease risk of patient‐related thrombosis compared with UFH. No significant difference was observed in the risk of major bleeding between three alternatives and UFH: Biv (OR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.23–1.3), Arg (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 0.34–5.8), and NM (OR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.13–2.6). NM showed a reduced risk of in‐hospital mortality compared with UFH (OR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.091–0.77), whereas Arg (OR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.15–1.2) and Biv (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.52–1.1) did not decrease risk of in‐hospital mortality. Conclusions: Compared with UFH and Arg, Biv reduces the risk of thrombosis and appears to be a better choice for patients requiring ECMO. NM was associated with a reduced risk of in‐hospital mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important economic crop, and cotton fiber is one of the longest plant cells, which provides an ideal model for the study of cell elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis. Cotton fiber length is regulated by a variety of transcription factors (TF) and their target genes; however, the mechanism of fiber elongation mediated by transcriptional regulatory networks is still unclear to a large extent. Here, we used a comparative assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin with high‐throughput sequencing (ATAC‐seq) assay and RNA‐seq analysis to identify fiber elongation transcription factors and genes using the short‐fiber mutant ligon linless‐2 (Li2) and wild type (WT). A total of 499 differential target genes were identified and GO analysis shows that differential genes are mainly involved in plant secondary wall synthesis and microtubule‐binding processes. Analysis of the genomic regions preferentially accessible (Peak) has identified a number of overrepresented TF‐binding motifs, highlighting sets of TFs that are important for cotton fiber development. Using ATAC‐seq and RNA‐seq data, we have constructed a functional regulatory network of each TF regulatory target gene and also the network pattern of TF regulating differential target genes. Further, to obtain the genes related to fiber length, the differential target genes were combined with FLGWAS data to identify the genes highly related to fiber length. Our work provides new insights into cotton fiber elongation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nocardia seriolae has been identified as the causative agent of fish nocardiosis, resulting in serious economic losses in aquaculture. With an aim to screen potential candidates for vaccine development against N. seriolae , the in vivo -induced genes of N. seriolae in hybrid snakehead (Channa maculate ♀ × Channa argus ♂) model were profiled via in vivo -induced antigen technology (IVIAT) in the present study, and 6 in vivo -induced genes were identified as follows: IS701 family transposase (is701), membrane protein insertase YidC (yidC), ergothioneine biosynthesis glutamate-cysteine ligase (egtA), molybdopterin respectively-dependent oxidoreductase (mol), phosphoketolase family protein (Ppl), hypothetical protein 6747 (hp6747). Additionally, the yidC was inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-myc-his-A to construct a DNA vaccine named as pcDNA-YidC to evaluate immunoprotection in hybrid snakehead after artificial challenge with N. serioale. Results showed that the transcription of yidC was detected in spleen, trunk kidney, muscle and liver in vaccinated fish, suggesting that this antigenic gene can be recombinantly expressed in fish. Meanwhile, indexes of humoral immunity were evaluated in the vaccinated fish through assessing specific-antibody IgM and serum enzyme activities, including lysozyme (LZM), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP). Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that pcDNA-YidC DNA vaccine could notably enhance the expression of immune-related genes (CD4 、 CD8α 、 MHCIIα 、 TNFα 、 IL-1β and MHCIα) in 4 tissues (spleen, trunk kidney, muscle and liver) of the vaccinated fish. Finally, an immuno-protection with a relative survival rate of 65.71 % was displayed in vaccinated fish in comparison to the control groups. Taken together, these results indicate that pcDNA-YidC DNA vaccine could boost strong immune responses in hybrid snakehead and show preferably protective efficacy against N. seriolae , indicating that IVIAT is a helpful strategy to screen the highly immunogenic antigens for vaccine development against fish nocardiosis. • Six antigenic genes of Nocardia seriolae were screened via IVIAT technology. • The pcDNA-yidC was constructed and used as DNA vaccine to induce immune responses. • The trials of pcDNA-yidC DNA vaccine could provide 65.71 % RPS. • IVIAT can be used as a strategy to study the antigenic genes for vaccine development against N. seriolae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• GhZAT family genes play an important role in cotton stress resistance. • 44 GhZAT genes were identified in G. hirsutum. • 16 GhZAT genes generally responded to NaCl and ABA stress. • GhZAT6 play an important role in salt resistance of cotton. High salt environments can induce stress in different plants. The genes containing the ZAT domain constitute a family that belongs to a branch of the C 2 H 2 family, which plays a vital role in responding to abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified 169 ZAT genes from seven plant species, including 44 ZAT genes from G. hirsutum. Phylogenetic tree analysis divided ZAT genes in six groups with conserved gene structure, protein motifs. Two C 2 H 2 domains and an EAR domain and even chromosomal distribution on At and Dt sub-genome chromosomes of G. hirsutum was observed. GhZAT6 was primarily expressed in the root tissue and responded to NaCl and ABA treatments. Subcellular localization found that GhZAT6 was located in the nucleus and demonstrated transactivation activity during a transactivation activity assay. Arabidopsis transgenic lines overexpressing the GhZAT6 gene showed salt tolerance and grew more vigorously than WT on MS medium supplemented with 100 mmol NaCl. Additionally, the silencing of the GhZAT6 gene in cotton plants showed more obvious leaf wilting than the control plants, which were subjected to 400 mmol NaCl treatment. Next, the expressions of GhAPX1 , GhFSD1 , GhFSD2 , and GhSOS3 were significantly lower in the GhZAT6- silenced plants treated with NaCl than the control. Based on these findings, GhZAT6 may be involved in the ABA pathway and mediate salt stress tolerance by regulating ROS-related gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For peanut, the lack of stable cytological markers is a barrier to tracking specific chromosomes, elucidating the genetic relationships between genomes and identifying chromosomal variations. Chromosome mapping using single-copy oligonucleotide (oligo) probe libraries has unique advantages for identifying homologous chromosomes and chromosomal rearrangements. In this study, we developed two whole-chromosome single-copy oligo probe libraries, LS-7A and LS-8A, based on the reference genome sequences of chromosomes 7A and 8A of Arachis duranensis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed that the libraries could specifically paint chromosomes 7 and 8. In addition, sequential FISH and electronic localization of LS-7A and LS-8A in A. duranensis (AA) and A. ipaensis (BB) showed that chromosomes 7A and 8A contained translocations and inversions relative to chromosomes 7B and 8B. Analysis of the chromosomes of wild Arachis species using LS-8A confirmed that this library could accurately and effectively identify A genome species. Finally, LS-7A and LS-8A were used to paint the chromosomes of interspecific hybrids and their progenies, which verified the authenticity of the interspecific hybrids and identified a disomic addition line. This study provides a model for developing specific oligo probes to identify the structural variations of other chromosomes in Arachis and demonstrates the practical utility of LS-7A and LS-8A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical model considering the seabed friction is developed to investigate the dynamic behavior of anchor cable in this paper. In the model, the anchor cable was divided into hanging and lying parts. The governing equations of hanging and lying anchor cables were established respectively based on finite difference method and coupled according to the boundary conditions. The coupled equations of anchor cable were solved by Newton iteration and the static anchor cable parameters used for the initial values were confirmed by double bisection method. To illustrate the reasonability and validity of the model, several simulations of vessel sway in wind with different time and space step sizes and different seabed friction coefficients were presented. The simulation results show that anchor cable snap load is 3–5 times of average tension, the variation of anchor cable bearing is 2 times of ship heading, and the sway amplitude of the ship's center of gravity is about one times of ship length. Compared with the experimental data, the model and algorithm in this paper can successfully provide the realistic prediction of the dynamic tension and configuration of anchor cable, and can be used as a reference for anchoring operation. Farther, this paper found out that the normal seabed friction coefficient has considerable impact on the cable tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytokinin (CK) is an important plant hormone that promotes plant cell division and differentiation, and participates in salt response under osmotic stress. LOGs (LONELY GUY) are CK-activating enzymes involved in CK synthesis. The LOG gene family has not been comprehensively characterized in cotton. In this study we identified 151 LOG genes from nine plant species, including 28 LOG genes in Gossypium hirsutum. Phylogenetic analysis divided LOG genes into three groups. Exon/intron structures and protein motifs of GhLOG genes were highly conserved. Synteny analysis revealed that several gene loci were highly conserved between the A and D sub-genomes of G. hirsutum with purifying selection pressure during evolution. Expression profiles showed that most LOG genes were constitutively expressed in eight different tissues. Furthermore, LOG genes can be regulated by abiotic stresses and phytohormone treatments. Moreover, subcellular localization revealed that GhLOG3_At resides inside the cell membrane. Overexpression of GhLOG3 enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GhLOG3_At in cotton enhanced sensitivity of plants to salt stress with increased H 2 O 2 contents and decreased chlorophyll and proline (PRO) activity. Our results suggested that GhLOG3_At induces salt stress tolerance in cotton, and provides a basis for the use of CK synthesis genes to regulate cotton growth and stress resistance. • This study identified 151 LOG genes, including 28 LOG genes in G. hirsutum. • Gene loci were highly conserved between the A and D sub-genomes of G. hirsutum. • LOG genes can be regulated by abiotic stresses and phytohormone treatments. • Overexpression of GhLOG3 enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. • VIGS of GhLOG3_At in cotton enhanced sensitivity of plants to salt stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an important cash crop producing both fiber and oilseed, the yield and quality of which are severely affected by Verticillium wilt primarily caused by Verticillium dahliae infection. In this study, a cotton root expressed gene, GhPAS1, that encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF), was significantly induced by Verticillium dahliae in cotton variety ZM24. Further investigation suggested that GhPAS1 may play a pivotal role in Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton, whereby the genetic attenuation of GhPAS1 resulted in a raised susceptibility to Verticillium dahliae ; and conversely, overexpression of GhPAS1 in ZM24 significantly ameliorated the infection symptoms. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the expression of numerous ethylene - responsive factors (ERFs) genes and genes involved in lignin biosynthesis and plant defense were upregulated in cotton plants overexpressing GhPAS1 in response to Verticillium dahlia infection. Moreover, using dual-luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, GhPAS1 was shown to specifically enhance the promoter activities of GhERF5 , GhERF14 , GhPER42 , GhPER64 , and GhRPS5 , among which GhERF14 and GhPER64 , are directly related to Verticillium wilt resistance. Overall, these findings demonstrate that GhPAS1 plays a vital role in conferring Verticillium wilt resistance by regulating specific members of ERFs , as well as the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis and plant defense, providing new insights into the underlying mechanism of Verticillium wilt resistance and devising novel breeding and biotechnological strategies to enhance disease resistance in cotton. • GhPAS1 participates in the early defense response of cotton to Verticillium wilt. • Silencing of GhPAS1 decreased cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt. • Overexpression of GhPAS1 improves resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton. • GhPAS1 functions by regulating ERF , lignin biosynthetic and defense genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: TCP transcription factors (TF) are indispensable for the normal functioning of plant growth and development. This study identified and performed phylogenetic analysis on 218 TCP genes in four cotton species. We also observed conserved exon-intron structures and protein motif distribution patterns in GhTCP genes. GhTCP62 was enriched in the axillary bud, indicating that it plays a role in branching. GhTCP62 is a nuclear-localized TF, the overexpression of which decreases the number of cauline-leaf branches and rosette-leaf branches in Arabidopsis. Additionally, the expression levels of HB21 and HB40 genes increased in plants with GhTCP62 overexpression, demonstrating that GhTCP62 could regulate branching by regulating HB21 and HB40. Collectively, the GhTCP62 TF located in the nucleus was highly enriched in the axillary buds, and GhTCP62 overexpression lines demonstrated fewer rosette-leaf branches and cauline-leaf branches, indicating that GhTCP62 regulates branching in Arabidopsis. TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors play an essential role in regulating various physiological and biochemical functions during plant growth. However, the function of TCP transcription factors in G. hirsutum has not yet been studied. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and correlation analysis of the TCP transcription factor family in G. hirsutum. We identified 72 non-redundant GhTCP genes and divided them into seven subfamilies, based on phylogenetic analysis. Most GhTCP genes in the same subfamily displayed similar exon and intron structures and featured highly conserved motif structures in their subfamily. Additionally, the pattern of chromosomal distribution demonstrated that GhTCP genes were unevenly distributed on 24 out of 26 chromosomes, and that fragment replication was the main replication event of GhTCP genes. In TB1 sub-family genes, GhTCP62 was highly expressed in the axillary buds, suggesting that GhTCP62 significantly affected cotton branching. Additionally, subcellular localization results indicated that GhTCP62 is located in the nucleus and possesses typical transcription factor characteristics. The overexpression of GhTCP62 in Arabidopsis resulted in fewer rosette-leaf branches and cauline-leaf branches. Furthermore, the increased expression of HB21 and HB40 genes in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GhTCP62 suggests that GhTCP62 may regulate branching by positively regulating HB21 and HB40. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]